scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and hypercortisolism in a cat

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
E. Odent ◽  
S. Marynissen ◽  
E. Stock ◽  
S. Vandenabeele ◽  
I. Van de Maele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Glargine Insulin ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Old Persian ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

A fourteen-year-old Persian cat was referred because of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus despite insulin and dietary treatment. Clinical signs were severe polydipsia/polyuria (pupd), poor hair coat quality, stomatitis and hind limb weakness. At the time of initial presentation, he was treated with glargine insulin (0,75 IU/kg BID). A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) revealed hypercortisolism (HC). The cat was additionally treated with trilostane, and remission of diabetes mellitus was obtained one year later. This case illustrates the importance of diagnosing an underlying cause of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Although hypercortisolism is rare in cats, it is important to consider the disease in these cases. The hypercortisolism in this cat was efficiently managed with trilostane, resulting in a good quality of life.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus remission in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism after cabergoline treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692110298
Author(s):  
Diego D Miceli ◽  
Gabriela S Zelarayán ◽  
Jorge D García ◽  
Viviana Fernández ◽  
Sergio Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Serum Fructosamine ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Case summary A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat weighing 5 kg was referred with polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, abdominal distension and dermatologic abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed and treatment was started with a diet for diabetic cats and insulin glargine (1 IU q12h SC). Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) was suspected and diagnosed based on clinical signs, increased urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio, lack of suppression on low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and abdominal ultrasonography demonstrating bilateral adrenal enlargement. Oral cabergoline (10 μg/kg every other day) was initiated. After the second administration of cabergoline, the cat suffered from clinical hypoglycemia and no longer required insulin. One month after insulin withdrawal, blood work and urine analysis results showed normoglycemia, a normal serum fructosamine concentration (244 μmol/l) and normal urine analysis without glycosuria. Diabetic remission persisted until its death 7 months later. In addition, cabergoline treatment was associated with improvement in clinical signs such as lethargy, seborrhea, alopecia and abdominal distension. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the use of cabergoline in a cat with HAC, as well as the first reported case of diabetic remission in a cat with HAC after cabergoline treatment. Cabergoline could be an alternative treatment for diabetic cats with pituitary-dependent HAC. Further work should focus on different protocols with greater number of cases.

scholarly journals Diagnostic criteria and result of treatment of Eagle syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Pukhlik ◽  
Anatoly P. Shchelkunov ◽  
A.A. Shchelkunov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Facial Area ◽  
One Year ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

Relevance: Styloid process syndrome – a disease which is caused by irritation of the styloid process of the temporal bone surrounding the nerve, vascular and muscle structures. The syndrome is manifested by chronic painin deep division of the facial area referred to the root of the tongue, throat and ear, dysphagia, symptoms of circulatory disorders of the brain. Because of the low awareness of the disease practical specialists usually miss the diagnoses. Patients with different diagnoses are treated by different specialists; most often the prescribed symptomatic treatment is ineffective or does not give any result at all. The syndrome causes severe suffering to patients, reduces the quality of life. Purpose of the study: Assess the most significant clinical signs of the disease, mutual work between hypertrophied styloid process with the neurovascular neck formations, the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment. Materials and methods: 144 people were examined and treated by us. Of these, 103 women (71,5%), 41 men (28,5%), aged 25 to 70 years. The disease lasts from one year until 10-15 years. Tomography of the styloid processes with 3D reconstruction and contrasting of the main vessels of the neck was used. Results of the study and the discussion: we proposed a grading scale for the quality of the treatment, the five-point scale. The quality of the treatment was assessed by the number of reduction in scores and, accordingly, patient complaints. Of the total number of patients – 144 people, the success of the treatment by 0 points was assessed by 60 people (that is, absence of any symptomatology) (41,7%), 1 point – 44 (30,5%), 2-3 points – 27 (18,7%), 4-5 points – 13 (9%), that is significant effect of the treatment was not achieved. To all those people with the result of the treatment was estimated at 4-5 points, respectively, was proposed an operative method of the treatment – the resection of the styloid process from the corresponding side. Conclusions: Because of the lack of knowledge of such important topic it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods. Hypertrophy of the styloid process is not the main reason of the development of styloid syndrome; the degree of deviation of the process is important. Conservative treatment in most cases has a lasting effect, but has repeated symptoms after a certain period of time; surgical treatment should be directed to the maximal resection of styloid process for decreasing the axis pressure on the neurovascular bundle of the neck.

Adrenal Pheochromocytoma With Contralateral Adrenocortical Adenoma in a Cat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon David R. Calsyn ◽  
Rebecca A. Green ◽  
Garrett J. Davis ◽  
Christopher M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenoma ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Pheochromocytoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

A 7-year-old, neutered male cat was presented with a 6-month history of progressive polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, aggression, and weight gain. Previous blood work, urinalysis, and radiographs did not delineate a cause for the clinical signs. An ultrasound revealed bilateral adrenal gland enlargement. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test was consistent with hyperadrenocorticism. Based on these findings, bilateral adrenalectomy was attempted and successfully performed. Histopathology was consistent with a cortical adenoma in the right adrenal gland and a pheochromocytoma in the left adrenal gland. This association has never been reported in the cat.

scholarly journals Gynaecomastia in a male neutered cat with an adrenal tumour and associated hyperprogesteronism, hypercortisolism and hyperaldosteronism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692110456
Author(s):  
Jane Yu ◽  
Jason Lenord ◽  
Michelle Lau ◽  
Laurencie Brunel ◽  
Rachael Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adrenal Tumour ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Test Serum ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumour

Case summary A 7-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat was presented with chronic progressive gynaecomastia, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss and poor fur regrowth. Sexualised behavioural changes were not reported and virilisation was not present on physical examination. Pertinent haematology, biochemistry and urinalysis findings at the time of referral included mild hypokalaemia. Left adrenomegaly and mild prostatomegaly were identified on a CT scan. Evaluation of adrenal hormones with a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, serum progesterone, testosterone, oestradiol, plasma aldosterone, renin, plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine measurement supported a diagnosis of hyperprogesteronism, hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolism. Adrenalectomy was performed and histopathology was consistent with an adrenocortical tumour. Clinical signs and hormone elevations resolved postoperatively. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the second report of gynaecomastia secondary to an adrenal tumour in a male neutered cat and the first associated with hyperprogesteronism.

Pancreatic Abscess in a Cat with Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Lee ◽  
Ji-Houn Kang ◽  
Dongwoo Chang ◽  
Ki-Jeong Na ◽  
Mhan-Pyo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Pancreatic Abscess ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Glargine Insulin ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
History Of

An 11 yr old spayed female Maine coon cat was referred with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The cat had a 2 mo history of weight loss and intermittent vomiting. An abdominal ultrasound identified the presence of a large cavity measuring a maximum of 4.6 cm in the pancreas that was filled with a homogeneous echogenic fluid. Cytological analysis and culture of the fluid obtained from the pancreatic mass indicated the presence of a bacterial abscess. The application of nonsurgical drainage and the administration of glargine insulin and antibiotics resolved the clinical signs. The size of the pancreatic abscess was reduced after 5 mo, and the cat achieved diabetic remission and remained healthy at the time this report was prepared. This case report describes the successful treatment of a pancreatic bacterial abscess concurrent with diabetes mellitus in a Maine coon cat.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Process in a Crioulo Horse with Cushing’s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aquino Franco ◽  
Fernanda Carlini Cunha Dos Santos ◽  
Gabriela Vicensi Da Costa ◽  
Henrique Ramos Oliveira ◽  
Lays Wouters Ugolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Background: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, also known as equine Cushing’s syndrome, is a neurodegenerative disease. An important risk factor for Cushing’s is advanced aging and it is the most common endocrine disorder in older horses. The prevalence in horses aged over 10 and 15 years is reported as 9.3% and 21%, respectively. Due to the slow progressive nature of the disease, seasonal variation in hormone output and overlapping endocrine response to other events, accurate diagnosis is challenging. The diagnosis requires the combination of anamnesis, clinical signs, in addition to laboratory tests results. This study aimed to report Cushing’s syndrome in a Crioulo breed horse focusing on diagnostic methods.Case: A 13-year-old male Crioulo breed, orchiectomized, was attended at the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The owner reported that the animal had progressive weight loss and coat abnormal growth, with curly appearance. From visual inspection, body condition score was 4 (1-9) bulging abdomen was noticed, hirsutism, depression and lethargy. Also, there was a large neoplastic mass on the left side of gluteal region. Later, this mass was classified in histopathological examination as a fibroblastic sarcoid and was treated. The animal presented physical parameters within the physiological limits of the specie. Normochromic normocytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were reported in the hematologic evaluation. In coproparasitological examination, there were 300 eggs per gram of feaces. Hyperadrenocorticism was suspected in the clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test was performed to confirm the fact. Basal serum was collected at 17 h (M0) and subsequently 40 µg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly. Serum samples were taken after 15 (M15) and 19 (M19) h, resulting in cortisol levels of 1.7 and 1.8 μg/dL, respectively. The M15 and M19 results were above reference values for horses (below 1 μg/dL). Combination of information gathered from anamnesis, clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test resulted in the definitive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, also known as Cushing’s syndrome. Paliative treatment included shearing all over the body and vitamin supplementation.Discussion: In animals without obvious clinical signs, Cushing's syndrome diagnosis is challenging. The most unique and specific clinical signs are the development of abnormal hair coat, mainly hirsutism, delayed or incomplete shedding, and in aged horse, lightening of coat color. The mechanistic cause of these signs is still barely understood. Cushing's is a collection of syndromes each with a unique set of clinical signs and hormone profiles, which varies according to each individual. Complementary examinations are extremely important and endocrine tests are highly recommended in addition to suggestive findings. However, despite the variety of existing tests, false negatives or false positives can frequently happen. Dexamethasone suppression test is considered the gold standard, well validated, practical and low cost for the diagnosis of this disease. In the present report, the combination of anamnesis (13 years old, weight loss, and abnormal coat), clinical exam (hirsutism) and dexamethasone suppression test (over 1 μg/dL of cortisol 15 h and 19 h after dexamethasone administration) resulted in the definitive diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Measurements of plasma concentrations of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test, serum insulin concentration and necropsy are other available tests. History, clinical signs and test results are important to achieve the definitive diagnoses, and when possible, it is advisable to perform post-mortem evaluation of the pituitary gland.

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