De splitsing van de Belgische Socialistische Partij. Twee verklarende documenten

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Pieter-Jan Van Bosstraeten
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Party ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

Op 11 oktober 1978 splitste de Belgische Socialistische Partij zich als laatste van de drie unitaire partijen op in twee autonome partijen. Langs Franstalige zijde werd éénzijdig de Parti Socialiste opgericht, twee jaar later volgde de Socialistische Partij. De splitsing vormde het eindpunt van een lange en bewogen geschiedenis van de socialistische eenheidspartij.Ondanks het feit dat heel wat auteurs reeds een licht hebben geworpen op de belangrijkste gebeurtenis uit de na-oorlogse geschiedenis van de BSP, is het antwoord op de vraag naar de oorzaken van de splitsing vrij eenduidig. Overwegend wordt aangenomen dat de splitsing van de BSP het gevolg is van een moeilijke samenwerking in het kader van het communautaire dossier. Andere oorzaken worden amper aangehaald, of onvoldoende verduidelijkt. Tevens wordt slechts het politiek-tactische aspect van het communautaire dossier uitvoerig besproken. In de bestaande literatuur wordt zo goed als nergens dieper ingegaan op de inhoudelijke elementen die binnen de partij problemen teweegbrachten.Onderzoek van twee cruciale documenten heeft de mogelijkheid geboden het verhaal van de splitsing beter te reconstrueren. Daarbij is gebleken dat de splitsing van de partij in een ruimer kader dient te worden geïnterpreteerd dan het communautaire dossier. Aan de splitsing van de partij ging een lang proces van autonomisering en vleugelvorming vooraf. Bovendien werd aangetoond dat de problematiek inzake het Egmont-Stuyvenbergpact niet de enige directe oorzaak vormde voor de splitsing van de partij, in de periode 1977-1978. Enkele andere oorzaken hebben daartoe eveneens bijgedragen.________The division of the Belgian Socialist Party. Two explanatory documentsOn 11 October 1978 the Belgian Socialist Party divided into two autonomous parties, the last of the three unitary parties to do so. First the French speaking section unilaterally founded the ‘Parti Socialiste’, two years later the ‘Socialistische Partij’ followed. The division constituted the termination of the long and eventful history of the socialist unitary party.In spite of the fact that many authors have already shed light on the most important event from the post-war history of the BSP, the answer to the question about the causes for the division are fairly unequivocal. The majority of opinions favour the view that the division of the BSP was the consequence of the difficulty of collaborating within the framework of the community dossier. Other causes are hardly cited, or insufficiently elucidated. Moreover only the politico-tactical aspect of the community dossier is discussed in detail. The existing literature hardly ever carries out a more thorough examination of the intrinsic elements that caused problems within the party.The investigation of the two crucial documents has offered the opportunity to provide a better reconstruction of the division. This showed that the division of the party should be interpreted within a larger framework than the community dossier alone. A long process of autonomisation and the formation of political wings preceded the division of the party. It also demonstrated that the issues concerning the Egmont-Stuyvenberg pact were not the only direct cause for the division of the party, during the period 1977-1978. There were several other causes that also contributed to this division.

‘La Chanson c'est pour tout le monde’: an introduction to the music of Georges Brassens

Tempo ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Simon P. Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Popular Song ◽  
French Music ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Georges Brassens

The singer-songwriter Georges Brassens (1921–81) is one of the most critically lauded and commercially successful French musicians of all time. The author and composer of text and music for around 150 songs, with LP sales of over 20 million, Brassens is perhaps the most widely disseminated French ‘popular’ musician of the post-war era, particularly in French-speaking countries. Regarded by many as a cultural and musical icon, he is seen as a standard bearer for liberal French values, and – transcending standard distinctions between ‘popular’ and ‘serious’ styles – as a pivotal figure in the history of French music, credited with ‘revitaliz[ing] the French post-war song’ by ‘accomplishing the synthesis of popular song and true poetry’.

scholarly journals The Social Experiences and Uses of Post-War Modernist Urban Heritage Conservation and Regeneration: London’s Southbank Centre

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-663
Author(s):  
Patricia Aelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Incomplete Assessments ◽  
Do So

Since the 1960s, post-war modernist heritage has been largely criticised and victimised by the public opinion because of its material failures and elitist social projects. Despite these critiques, post-war modernist heritage is being reassessed, revalued and in some places successfully rehabilitated. There is a growing recognition that most of the critiques have often been the result of subjective and biased value and taste judgments or incomplete assessments that took into account neither urban design nor the users’ experiences. This paper aims to contribute to these reassessments of post-war modernist urban heritage legacies. To do so, it places the user’s social experiences and uses, and the urban design at the centre of the analysis, by using a combination of ethnographic methods and urban design analysis and focusing on the public spaces of South Bank Centre in London, the UK’s largest and most iconic and contested post-war modernist ensemble with a long history of conservation and regeneration projects. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the importance of including the users’ social experiences and uses in the conservation and regeneration agendas if we want to achieve more objective and inclusive assessments.

scholarly journals Homo Statisticus: A History of France’s General Public Statistical Infrastructure on Population Since 1950

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-196
Author(s):  
Thomas Amossé
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractChanges of public statistical infrastructure on population shed light on the transformation of views of quantification from France’s post-war boom to recent years. Witnessing a crisis of totalization as well as a neoliberal inflection, this classic tool of quantification has been profoundly transformed, as much in its themes and technical characteristics as in the questions it poses and categories it retains. Three models progressively overlap one another: the “representative household survey”, the “biographical investigation”, and the “matched panel”. From these models emerge three types of being that the different statistical infrastructures address—the homo statisticus they contribute to defining—herein called subject, person, and individual, in reference to the three pillars of Alain Supiot’s “homo juridicus”.

scholarly journals Il problema dell’alloggio : la contribución de Adalberto Libera a la vivienda moderna en Italia durante la década de 1940 = Il problema dell’alloggio : Adalberto Libera’s contribution to modern housing in Italy during the 1940s

2020 ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
David Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Post War ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So ◽  
Housing Programme

ResumenEs relativamente poco conocida la componente teórica del trabajo que realizó Adalberto Libera como Director de la oficina técnica del programa estatal de vivienda INA-Casa, un cargo que desempeñó desde la aprobación del plan en 1949 hasta 1951. Este programa, el más ambicioso en Italia tras la guerra, terminaría construyendo más de 350.000 hogares durante sus 14 años de funcionamiento siguiendo, en buena medida, las directrices inicia­les marcadas por Libera en un momento clave para la asimilación de los tipos de vivienda moderna en Italia.  Aún menos conocido es el profuso trabajo sobre vivienda que Libera realizó durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial en su retiro en Trento, y que resultó esencial en su designación para ocupar tal cargo en el programa INA-Casa. Libera proyectó tipos y agrupaciones de vivienda según condicionantes no sólo espaciales sino también socio-económicos de los destinatarios. En ese sentido, el trabajo no fue solamente gráfico: volcó algunas reflexiones sobre la condición del habitar y el habitante.  Este artículo profundiza en estos estudios sobre vivienda con el fin de revelar cómo influ­yeron en el carácter de la arquitectura promovida por el programa INA-Casa; esto es, en la construcción de su discurso arquitectónico. Para ello se apoya en el material aún inédito que compone su estudio (textos, tablas, perspectivas y croquis), así como en los dos ma­nuales publicados por el programa INA-Casa para regular los principios de diseño de su arquitectura. El objetivo, por tanto, es doble: arrojar luz sobre un momento desconocido del autor y discutir su significación histórica en el marco del mayor plan de vivienda social del dopoguerra italiano.AbstractIt remains to some extent unknown the theoretical approach taken by Adalberto Libera while he was Director of the INA-Casa programme’s technical office (1949-1951). This Italian social housing programme promoted the construction of more than 350,000 homes between 1949 and 1963, highly influenced by the norms set by Libera’s department at a key moment for the assimilation of modern housing types in Italy.  It is even less well known the extensive theoretical work on housing developed by Libera while he was retired in Trento during the war, which became essential to be appointed as Director of the INA-Casa’s technical office. Libera designed types and groupings of housing according to not only spatial but also socio-economic conditions of the prospective owners. In this sense, Libera’s work was not only graphic: he also deeply reflected on the problem of dwelling and on the inhabitant.  This article delves into these housing studies in order to reveal how they influenced the cha­racter of the architecture promoted by the INA-Casa programme —i.e., the construction of its architectural discourse. To do so, it relies on the still unpublished material that makes up his study (texts, charts, perspectives and sketches), as well as on the two manuals published by the INA-Casa programme to regulate the design principles of its architecture. The aim is, therefore, twofold: to shed light on an unknown moment of the author’s work and to discuss its historical significance as a key piece of Italy’s largest post-war social housing plan.

scholarly journals A History of Electronic Music at the University of Iowa

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Paul Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Music ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Close Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
Shed Light

This article provides a close study of the University of Iowa Electronic Music Studios. The point of such a detailed account of one studio is to shed light on activity within the field of electronic music that previously did not occupy a place in the literature. Few of the studios listed in Hugh Davies’s International Electronic Music Catalog have received detailed attention. Until a wider range of close studies that pay attention to the particularities of individual cases becomes available, it will be difficult to do the comparative work necessary to gain an appropriately textured overall account of the development of electronic music in the post-war period. As these detailed studies, based largely on first-hand documentation, increase the resolution of electronic music’s history, they may highlight significant but previously unnoticed, or at least under-appreciated, patterns in the development of electronic music and act as an effective barometer of changing trends.

scholarly journals Singularités sérielles: l'image des auteurs dans les collections de monographies illustrées de poche

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
David Martens ◽  
Galia Yanoshevsky
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Cultural Mediation ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Post War

In the literary history of French-speaking countries, and France in particular, the appearance and development of illustrated pocket-sized collections is an editorial phenomenon typical of the boom decades of the post-war era (les trentes glorieuses). Initially devoted to writers, series of this type were later opened to philosophers and artists. While these projects of intellectual and cultural mediation may seem relatively simple, both in their form and in the issues they raise, they do present a diversity of points of view. They are also in fine part of a literary heritage – and more broadly, a cultural industry. These books have actively contributed to the development and dissemination of authors’ images, and have thus shaped the literary canon. Indeed, the very principle of the collection has a canonizing effect.

Modern Playhouses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fair
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Theatre Architecture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Archive Material

Between the 1950s and the 1980s, Britain witnessed a theatre-building boom. Across the country, substantial new theatres were constructed in town and city centres, and on university campuses. The construction of many of these buildings was subsidized with public funds. As a result, many of them represented a range of agendas that went far beyond the practical needs of performers: they addressed such themes as the place of public buildings in Britain’s changing urban landscape, the role of culture and leisure in modern life, and the extent to which support for the arts could be understood as part of the evolving welfare state project. The book provides the first detailed history of these buildings, looking at projects which were never built as well as those that were completed. It is concerned not only with the planning and appearance of new theatres but also the ideas that shaped theatre architecture, and the organizations and processes that made new theatres possible. In this respect, it draws on a rich seam of archive material, much of which has not previously been studied. It explains how theatre architecture was transformed in post-war Britain while also pointing to significant continuities in conception and design. It also shows how these buildings functioned as vehicles through which to explore such ideas as modernity, identity, and community. In this respect, it concludes that Britain’s new theatres were not only significant in themselves but also that they shed light on the period’s social, urban, and political histories.

Investigating the Dynamics of Suicidal Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hallensleben ◽  
Lena Spangenberg ◽  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Dajana Rath ◽  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Ema Method ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Background: Although the fluctuating nature of suicidal ideation (SI) has been described previously, longitudinal studies investigating the dynamics of SI are scarce. Aim: To demonstrate the fluctuation of SI across 6 days and up to 60 measurement points using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Method: Twenty inpatients with unipolar depression and current and/or lifetime suicidal ideation rated their momentary SI 10 times per day over a 6-day period. Mean squared successive difference (MSSD) was calculated as a measure of variability. Correlations of MSSD with severity of depression, number of previous depressive episodes, and history of suicidal behavior were examined. Results: Individual trajectories of SI are shown to illustrate fluctuation. MSSD values ranged from 0.2 to 21.7. No significant correlations of MSSD with several clinical parameters were found, but there are hints of associations between fluctuation of SI and severity of depression and suicidality. Limitations: Main limitation of this study is the small sample size leading to low power and probably missing potential effects. Further research with larger samples is necessary to shed light on the dynamics of SI. Conclusion: The results illustrate the dynamic nature and the diversity of trajectories of SI across 6 days in psychiatric inpatients with unipolar depression. Prediction of the fluctuation of SI might be of high clinical relevance. Further research using EMA and sophisticated analyses with larger samples is necessary to shed light on the dynamics of SI.

Home, Sweet Home: Negotiating Intimacy in Brazilian Elitist Closed Condominiums

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-395
Author(s):  
Rafael Ignacio Estrada Mejia ◽  
Carla Guerrón Guerron Montero
Keyword(s):  
Collective Mode ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This article aims to decrease the cultural invisibility of the wealthy by exploring the Brazilian emergent elites and their preferred living arrangement: elitist closed condominiums (BECCs) from a micropolitical perspective.  We answer the question: What is the relationship between intimacy and subjectivity that is produced in the collective mode of existence of BECCs? To do so, we trace the history of the elite home, from the master’s house (casa grande) to contemporary closed condominiums. Following, we discuss the features of closed condominiums as spaces of segregation, fragmentation and social distinction, characterized by minimal public life and an internalized sociability. Finally, based on ethnographic research conducted in the mid-size city of Londrina (state of Paraná) between 2015 and 2017, we concentrate on four members of the emergent elite who live in BECCs, addressing their collective production of subjectivity. 

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