scholarly journals De bestraffing van het activisme tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog door de tuchtraad van de orde van advocaten te Antwerpen (1918-1921)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-146
Author(s):  
Jan Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Geweest Zijn ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Over de bestraffing op tuchtrechtelijk vlak van collaboratie met de vijand tijdens WOI en WOII door de tuchtcolleges van een vrij beroep zoals de orde van advocaten er een is, bestaan bijna geen publicaties. In 2012 werd door de orde van advocaten in Antwerpen openheid van zaken gegeven voor de tuchtvervolgingen en veroordelingen die het gevolg waren van feiten gepleegd tijdens WOII. Aan de hand van de verslagboeken van de raad van de orde, zetelend als tuchtraad, konden ondertussen de procedures die na WOI tegen Antwerpse advocaten werden ingespannen voor de eerste maal grondig bestudeerd worden. Dat leverde verrassende resultaten op, niet alleen omdat aangetoond kon worden dat er een storende ongelijkheid in de bestraffing was voor zover de advocaat tijdens WOI in het zgn. Belgische kamp dan wel in het Vlaamse kamp gestaan had. Ook omdat vastgesteld kon worden dat de tuchtraad van advocaten, van dewelke toch aangenomen zou moeten worden dat hij ook toen de behoeder zou moeten geweest zijn van grondwettelijke vrijheden en correct procesverloop met respect voor de rechten van verdediging, in het eerste gerechtelijke jaar na 11 november 1918 daarmee soms zeer bediscussieerbaar omging.________The punishment of Activism during the First World War by the disciplinary board of the Antwerp Bar (1918-1921)There are almost no publications about the punishment of collaboration with the enemy during the World Wars by the disciplinary boards of liberal professions, such as bar associations. In 2012, the Antwerp Bar opened up the records concerning disciplinary proceedings and sentences that resulted from acts committed during the Second World War. On the basis of the records of the council of the Bar, sitting as a disciplinary board, the actions that were directed against Antwerp lawyers after the First World War could be studied in-depth for the first time. This produced surprising results. In part, this is because there was a demonstrable, disturbing inequality in punishment depending on whether the lawyer had stood in the so-called ‘Belgian camp’ or in the ‘Flemish camp’. In addition, we can conclude that the disciplinary board of the Bar, which we must remember was at the time also supposed to uphold constitutional freedoms and proper legal process regarding the rights of the accused, often treated these in a very debatable fashion in the first judicial year following 11 November 1918.

scholarly journals Trasformazioni del lavoro e antidemocrazia negli anni tra le due guerre

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Musso
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The present contribution is divided into two parts: the first is the transformations of the world of labour between the two wars, tracing the context in which totalitarian impulses of a fascist nature were affirmed; the second, closely connected to the first, tries to outline the methods and contents with which counter-democracy tried to gain consensus, even in the world of labour. We will try to retrace, in broad terms, some trajectories of change induced by the First World War, their evolution in the inter-war period, the influence that these changes exerted on the Second World War and beyond, with some reference to the post-war period.

Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
SAFEED R
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.

scholarly journals 19. Commission De La Variation Des Latitudes

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 180-214
Author(s):  
Harold Spencer Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Office ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

When, in May 1922 after the First World War, the I.A.U. and the I.G.G.U. met for the first time it was decided that the systematic study of the motion of the pole should be continued. This study had been commenced over 23 years earlier by the International Geodetical Association and had been continued without interruption during the war, thanks to the keenness of the observers and the work of the Swiss and Dutch geodesists and astronomers, who had undertaken to maintain the necessary contacts between the observing stations and the Potsdam Central Office. The Second World War, which broke out barely two decades later, had more serious consequences for this study. The generous and worthy offer of our Swiss colleagues to be intermediaries between the belligerent countries and to help in the exchange of data between the observing stations and the Central Bureau passed unheeded. The Italian Foreign Minister at the time refused to allow the observing books to be transmitted. We had hoped that, when hostilities were over and communications had been re-established, we should be able to obtain, although late, the complete series of observations.

De-industrialization and Re-industrialization in the Middle East since 1800

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Issawi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Like many other parts of the world, in the last two hundred years or so the Middle East has gone through a process of de-industrialization followed by reindustrialization.* The decline in handicrafts continued until well after the First World War. But by then another development was under way: the growth of a modern factory industry that started around the 1890s, gathered increasing momentum in the 1920s and 1930s, and since the Second World War has proceeded at a very rapid pace.

Western Ethnic Borderlands in the Influence of Russian-Soviet Propagangda Before and in the Years of the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Igor Lyubchyk
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Russian Identity

The research issue peculiarities of wide Russian propaganda among the most Western ethnographic group – Lemkies is revealed in the article. The character and orientation of Russian and Soviet agitation through the social, religious and social movements aimed at supporting Russian identity in the region are traced. Tragic pages during the First World War were Thalrogian prisons for Lemkas, which actually swept Lemkivshchyna through Muscovophilian influences. Agitation for Russian Orthodoxy has provoked frequent cases of sharp conflicts between Lemkas. In general, attempts by moskvophile agitators to impose russian identity on the Orthodox rite were failed. Taking advantage of the complex socio-economic situation of Lemkos, Russian campaigners began to promote moving to the USSR. Another stage of Russian propaganda among Lemkos began with the onset of the Second World War. Throughout the territory of the Galician Lemkivshchyna, Soviet propaganda for resettlement to the USSR began rather quickly. During the dramatic events of the Second World War and the post-war period, despite the outbreaks of the liberation movement, among the Lemkoswere manifestations of political sympathies oriented toward the USSR. Keywords: borderlands, Lemkivshchyna, Lemky, Lemkivsky schism, Moskvophile, Orthodoxy, agitation, ethnopolitics

The Motif of Sacrifice in the Literature and Culture of the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This chapter explores how Anglophone literature and culture envisioned and questioned an economy of sacrificial exchange, particularly its symbolic aspect, as driving the compulsions entangled in the Second World War. After considering how Elizabeth Bowen’s short stories cast light on the Home Front rhetorics of sacrifice and reconstruction, it looks at how poets Robert Graves, Keith Douglas, and Alun Lewis reflect on First World War poetry of sacrifice. With reference to René Girard’s and Carl von Clausewitz’s writings on war, I take up Elaine Cobley’s assertion about the differing valencies of the First and Second World Wars, arguing that the contrast is better seen in terms of sacrificial economy. I develop that argument with reference to examples from Second World War literature depicting sacrificial exchange (while often harking back to the First World War), including Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour Trilogy (1952–61), and William Wharton’s memoir Shrapnel (2012).

Blockade and the Civilian Population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Drew
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Strategic Bombing ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Drawing on several examples through history, this chapter illustrates the devastating potential that maritime blockades can have when they are employed against modern societies that are dependent on maritime trade, and particularly on the importation of foodstuffs and agricutltural materials for the survival of their civilian populations. Revealing statistics that show that the blockade of Germany during the First World War caused more civilian deaths than did the allied strategic bombing campaign of the Second World War, and that the sanctions regime against Iraq killed far more people than did the 1991 Gulf War, it demonstrates that civilian casualties are often the true unseen cost of conducting blockade operations.

scholarly journals Will the World’s Glass after the Coronavirus Pandemic Be Half-Empty or Half-Full?

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
Dubravka Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Great Crash ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

AbstractThe author comments on the political and economic options in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic that started at the beginning of 2020. She revisits responses to the crises of the First World War, the Great Crash of 1929, and the Second World War, sorting them into ‘pessimistic’ and ‘optimistic’ responses, and outlining their respective consequences.

Arcybiskup generał brygady Sawa (Sowietow) 1898–1951: duszpasterz, żołnierz, obywatel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Service ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Chaplain ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The books presents the life of archbishop brygadier general Sawa (Sowietow). The author explores its successive stages: young years during the First World War, priesthood in the Second Polish Republic, wanderings during the Second World War, service in Polish Armed Forces in the West (as the chief military chaplain of the Orthodox Church), and religious service among Polish citizens abroad after the Yalta Conference.

scholarly journals Programming Men and Machines. Changing Organisation in the Artillery Computations at Aberdeen Proving Ground (1916-1946)

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-266
Author(s):  
Maarten Bullynck
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Electronic Computers ◽  
Aberdeen Proving Ground ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Differential Analyzer

Abstract After the First World War mathematics and the organisation of ballistic computations at Aberdeen Proving Ground changed considerably. This was the basis for the development of a number of computing aids that were constructed and used during the years 1920 to 1950. This article looks how the computational organisation forms and changes the instruments of calculation. After the differential analyzer relay-based machines were built by Bell Labs and, finally, the ENIAC, one of the first electronic computers, was built, to satisfy the need for computational power in ballistics during the second World War.

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