PENGARUH VARIASI TANAMAN BARIER SEBAGAI NATURAL PEST CONTROL TERHADAP POPULASI HAMA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi jenis tanaman barier terhadap dinamika populasi serangga hama pada tanaman padi dan produktivitas tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UGM Banguntapan Bantul. Variabel bebas dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan variasi tanaman barier yaitu kontrol (tanpa barier), gulma alami, bunga matahari, dan bunga kenikir. Variabel terikatnya adalah dinamika populasi serangga hama dan produktivitas tanaman padi. Pengamatan serangga hama dan musuh alaminya dilakukan terbatas pada pagi hari antara pukul 08.00-11.00 dengan metode scan sampling yang dilakukan pada 3 minggu sekali. Data produktivitas tanaman padi yang diambil meliputi berat kering gabah hasil panen per plot perlakuan. Untuk melihat pengaruh perlakuan variasi jenis tanaman barier terhadap populasi serangga hama tanaman padi dan produktivitas tanaman padi dilakukan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari pengaruh variasi jenis tanaman barier terhadap perbedaan dinamika populasi serangga hama maupun terhadap produktivitas tanaman padi, tetapi perlu diadakan penelitian lanjutan yang dikaitkan dengan variabel lain yang mempengaruhi produktivitas tanaman padi.THE EFFECT OF BARRIER PLANT VARIATION AS NATURAL PEST CONTROL ON PEST POPULATION AND RICE PRODUCTIONThis study was aimed at analyzing the effect of the barrier plant variation to the population dynamic of rice pest insect and on rice crop productivity. The study was conducted in the experimental Garden of Faculty of Agriculture of Gadjah Mada University in Banguntapan Bantul. The independent variable was the treatment of barrier plant variation, i.e. control (without barrier), natural weed, sunflower and kenikir flower plants, while the dependent variables were population dynamic of pest insect and rice crop productivity. Pest insects and their natural enemies observation was carried out in between 08.00-11.00 am by scan sampling every 3 weeks. The retrieval of crop productivity data was done when the harvest per treatment plot. The data obtained was then tested with ANOVA, to find out the effect of the treatments on population dynamic of rice crop pest, as well as rice crop productivity. The results show that there was no significant difference in the effect of barrier plant variation to the differences in population dynamic of pest insects; as well as in the productivity of rice crop, but it is necessary to conduct advanced research that is associated with other variables that affect rice crop productivity.

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Estimation of the Amount of Rice Crop Insurance Premium in the Citarum River Basin

International Journal of Global Operations Research ◽

10.47194/ijgor.v1i1.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Nurfadhlina Abdul Hali ◽

Muhammad Faiz Rifqi ◽

Endang Soeryana

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Crop Insurance ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Insurance Premium ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Normal Curve ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Insurance Premiums ◽

Productivity Data ◽

Curve Method

Determination of crop insurance premiums in the Citarum River basin can be calculated by mathematical methods. One of the methods of calculation of the premium that is the normal curve methods with data on crop productivity is assumed to be Gaussian. In this thesis are discussed in crop insurance premium calculations Areas Citarum River basin West Bandung Regency with normal curve method with a significant level of coverage. These methods are used because data on crop productivity gained Gaussian. Normal curve method is used without using the assumption of coefficients of variation, and try for some level of coverage. Application materials used are rice crop productivity data in the Citarum River basin of West Bandung Regency in 2008-2014. This research resulted in the value of the rice crop insurance premiums for farmers in the area based on a certain level of coverage.

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Prey removal in cotton crops next to woodland reveals periodic diurnal and nocturnal invertebrate predation gradients from the crop edge by birds and bats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84633-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heidi L. Kolkert ◽

Rhiannon Smith ◽

Romina Rader ◽

Nick Reid

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Open Space ◽

Optimal Foraging Theory ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Generalist Predators ◽

Crop Cover ◽

Foraging Preferences ◽

Experimental Feeding ◽

Natural Pest Control

AbstractFactors influencing the efficacy of insectivorous vertebrates in providing natural pest control services inside crops at increasing distances from the crop edge are poorly understood. We investigated the identity of vertebrate predators (birds and bats) and removal of sentinel prey (mealworms and beetles) from experimental feeding trays in cotton crops using prey removal trials, camera traps and observations. More prey was removed during the day than at night, but prey removal was variable at the crop edge and dependent on the month (reflecting crop growth and cover) and time of day. Overall, the predation of mealworms and beetles was 1-times and 13-times greater during the day than night, respectively, with predation on mealworms 3–5 times greater during the day than night at the crop edge compared to 95 m inside the crop. Camera traps identified many insectivorous birds and bats over crops near the feeding trays, but there was no evidence of bats or small passerines removing experimental prey. A predation gradient from the crop edge was evident, but only in some months. This corresponded to the foraging preferences of open-space generalist predators (magpies) in low crop cover versus the shrubby habitat preferred by small passerines, likely facilitating foraging away from the crop edge later in the season. Our results are in line with Optimal Foraging Theory and suggest that predators trade-off foraging behaviour with predation risk at different distances from the crop edge and levels of crop cover. Understanding the optimal farm configuration to support insectivorous bird and bat populations can assist farmers to make informed decisions regarding in-crop natural pest control and maximise the predation services provided by farm biodiversity.

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Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12030220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Jo Marie Reiff ◽

Sebastian Kolb ◽

Martin H. Entling ◽

Thomas Herndl ◽

Stefan Möth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Pest Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Management Practices ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Management Options ◽

Natural Pest Control ◽

Predation Rates

Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.

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WAIBEL, H.: The economics of integrated pest control in irrigated rice. Crop Protection Monographs. Springer-Verlag Berlin 1986, 19 figs., 81 tabs., 196 pp., 128,- DM. ISBN 3-540-16687-4.

Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift ◽

10.1002/mmnd.19880350113 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1-3) ◽

pp. 203-203

Author(s):

W. Mey

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Integrated Pest Control

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Economic valuation of natural pest control of the summer grain aphid in wheat in South East England

Ecosystem Services ◽

10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.02.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 149-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Han Zhang ◽

Michael P.D. Garratt ◽

Alison Bailey ◽

Simon G. Potts ◽

Tom Breeze

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Economic Valuation ◽

Grain Aphid ◽

South East England ◽

Natural Pest Control

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Effects of Temporal Crop β Diversification of a Cereal-Based Cropping System on Generalist Predators and Their Biocontrol Potential

Frontiers in Agronomy ◽

10.3389/fagro.2021.704979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Antonio Puliga ◽

Jan Thiele ◽

Hauke Ahnemann ◽

Jens Dauber

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Pest Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Generalist Predators ◽

Activity Density ◽

Biocontrol Potential ◽

Natural Pest Control ◽

Predation Rates

In agroecosystems, crop diversification plays a fundamental role in maintaining and regenerating biodiversity and ecosystem services, such as natural pest control. Temporal diversification of cropping systems can affect the presence and activity of natural enemies by providing alternative hosts and prey, food, and refuges for overwintering. However, we still lack studies on the effects of temporal diversification on generalist predators and their biocontrol potential conducted at field scale in commercial agricultural settings. Here, we measured proxies of ecosystem functions related with biological pest control in 29 commercial agricultural fields characterized by cereal-based cropping system in Lower-Saxony, northern Germany. The fields differed in the number of crops and cover crops cultivated during the previous 12 years. Using the Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessment approach, we measured invertebrate predation, seed predation and activity density of generalist predators. We aimed at testing whether the differences in the crop rotations from the previous years would affect activity of predators and their predation rates in the current growing season. We found that the length of the crop rotation had neutral effects on the proxies measured. Furthermore, predation rates were generally lower if the rotation comprised a higher number of cover crops compared to rotation with less cover crops. The activity density of respective taxa of predatory arthropods responded differently to the number of cover crops in the crop rotation. Our results suggest that temporal crop diversity may not benefit the activity and efficiency of generalist predators when diversification strategies involve crops of very similar functional traits. Adding different resources and traits to the agroecosystems through a wider range of cultivated crops and the integration of semi-natural habitats are aspects that need to be considered when developing more diverse cropping systems aiming to provide a more efficient natural pest control.

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Populasi Serangga Hama dan Artropoda Predator pada Padi Rawa Lebak Sumatera Selatan yang Diaplikasikan Bioinsektisida dari Beauveria bassiana dan Insektisida Sintetik

Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal ◽

10.33230/jlso.8.1.2019.378 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Khoirul Ikhsanudin Hanif ◽

Siti Herlinda ◽

Chandra Irsan ◽

Tili Karenina ◽

Erise Anggraini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Rice Field ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Pest Insect ◽

Synthetic Insecticide ◽

Freshwater Swamp ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Predatory Insects ◽

Predatory Arthropods

Hanif et al, 2019. Population of Pest Insects and Predatory Arthropods Inhabiting Freshwater Swamp Rice of South Sumatra Treated with Bioinsectide of Beauveria bassiana and a Synthetic Insecticide. JLSO (8)1:31-38.Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, could kill various species of insect pests, but their impact on predatory arthropods needs to be studied. The aim of this study was to compare population of pest insects and predatory arthropods inhabiting rice sprayed with bioinsecticide of B. bassiana and conventional rice field using a synthetic insecticides. Bioinsecticide was made from conidia of B. bassiana and sprayed on rice canopy. The plot of conventional farmers was sprayed with synthetic insecticides made from Abamektrin. The results showed that the application of bioinsecticide of B. bassiana was not proven to reduce the pest insect population. The abundance of natural enemies of pest insects, such as spiders and predatory insects was also more abundant in plots sprayed with bioinsecticide than conventional plots that used synthetic insecticide. The synthetic insecticides have been shown to reduce the abundance of predatory insects and spiders. Bioinsecticides containing carrier of liquid compost were proven to increase the growth and development of rice, which was an increase in the number of rice tillers per clump in plots applied by bioinsecticide. Thus, B. bassiana of bioinsecticide with liquid compost carrier material was safer and could maintain the abundance of predatory arthropods and increased rice growth.

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Acetamiprid Affects Destruxins Production but Its Accumulation in Metarhizium sp. Spores Increases Infection Ability of Fungi

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12090587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 587

Author(s):

Monika Nowak ◽

Przemysław Bernat ◽

Julia Mrozińska ◽

Sylwia Różalska

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Pest Control ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Growth Environment ◽

Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽

Control Factors ◽

Natural Pest Control ◽

First Time

Metarhizium sp. are entomopathogenic fungi that inhabit the soil environment. Together, they act as natural pest control factors. In the natural environment, they come into contact with various anthropogenic pollutants, and sometimes, they are used together and interchangeably with chemical insecticides (e.g., neonicotinoids) for pest control. In most cases, the compatibility of entomopathogens with insecticides has been determined; however, the influence of these compounds on the metabolism of entomopathogenic fungi has not yet been studied. Secondary metabolites are very important factors that influence the fitness of the producers, playing important roles in the ability of these pathogens to successfully parasitize insects. In this study, for the first time, we focus on whether the insecticide present in the fungal growth environment affects secondary metabolism in fungi. The research revealed that acetamiprid at concentrations from 5 to 50 mg L−1 did not inhibit the growth of all tested Metarhizium sp.; however, it reduced the level of 19 produced destruxins in direct proportion to the dosage used. Furthermore, it was shown that acetamiprid accumulates not only in plant or animal tissues, but also in fungal cells. Despite the negative impact of acetamiprid on secondary metabolism, it was proofed to accumulate in Metarhizium spores, which appeared to have a stronger infectious potential against mealworm Tenebrio molitor, in comparison to the insecticide or the biological agent alone.

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