scholarly journals GREEN CITY: THE LIFESTYLE OF MELAKA RESIDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Indati Mustapa ◽  
Norsyahida Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Green City

Personality and Lifestyles [PL] of those practicing environmentally-aware way of life manifest in collectivistic cultures, modesty and moderation in material pursuits, and environmental mindfulness. Issue: 10 years has passed since the vision of green city was introduced. The collective ecological PL of Melaka public is called to be evaluated to determine how far have the citizen accepted and owed allegiance in the green initiative efforts. Purpose: This paper aims to compare the environmentally-aware collective PL of Melaka residents to residents of other states in Malaysia. Approach: One-Way MANOVA was generated to determine the mean distribution of 10 PL items, across Malaysia States. Findings: There were significant differences within subjects of the 10 PL items between-subjects of Malaysia States. The Post-Hoc Test indicated majority of the means of PL items for Melaka were significantly higher than other states. However, in relation to other states, Melaka fell short on the component of Voluntary Modesty, which indicators were (i) PL5, practicing moderation in purchasing and using resources, (ii) PL6, feeling unconcerned if not able to afford things, and (ii) PL7, believing that having many assets does not lead to happiness.

GREEN CITY INITIATIVES: HUMAN-NATURE INTERACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Indati Mustapa ◽  
Norsyahida Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Nature Connection ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Green City

Interaction with Nature [IN] refers to the urge or preference to be close to the natural environment, attentiveness and knowledge of the natural environment, and health associated attributes in relation to surroundings. Issue: Since the vision of green city was introduced, Melaka has made great strides toward building a sustainable, green city. With the ongoing development towards reduction of carbon intensity 2020, IN of Melaka public needs to be evaluated to determine the human-nature connection with respect to the green initiative efforts. Purpose: This paper aims to compare the IN of Melaka residents to residents of other states in Malaysia. Approach: One-Way MANOVA was generated to determine the mean distribution of 10 IN items, across Malaysia States. Findings: There were significant differences within subjects of the 10 IN items between-subjects of Malaysia States. The Post-Hoc Test indicated majority of the means of IN items for Melaka were significantly higher than other states. However, in relation to other states, Melaka was slightly shy on (i) IN2, being able to recall experiences in the natural environment, and (ii) IN5, being able to notice scientific details of nature.

ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOURS IN THE MODEL GREEN CITY OF MELAKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Indati Mustapa ◽  
Norsyahida Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
The Past ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Environmental Behaviours ◽  
Green City

Environmental Behaviour [EB] manifests in a person’s ability to contribute in his context. It houses behaviours such as engaging with the surrounding, executing roles or tasks, proving skills and aptitude and behaving responsibly. Issue: The past 10 years since the Green City Action Plan [MGCAP] was announced warrant for an appraisal of Melaka residents EB to determine the magnitude to which the citizen have participated towards modelling Melaka as Green City. Purpose: This paper aims to compare the EB of Melaka residents to residents of other states in Malaysia. Approach: One-Way MANOVA was generated to determine the mean distribution of 10 EB items, across Malaysia States. Findings: There were significant differences within subjects of the 10 EB items between-subjects of Malaysia States. The Post-Hoc Test indicated relatively half of the means of EB items for Melaka were higher than other states while the remaining half revealed lower means. In comparison to other states, Melaka has low practices of eco behaviours specifically relating to energy saving, recycling and waste handling as well as environmental purchasing.

EXTERNAL CONDITION TO ECO-BEHAVIOURS IN MELAKA GREEN CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Indati Mustapa ◽  
Norsyahida Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
External Condition ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green City

External Condition [EC] to eco-behaviours relates to the macro context of a person representing the person’s façade towards his context. EC manifests in the perception and attitude towards surrounding circumstances such as the accessibility to conducive natural surroundings, encouragement to pro environmental behaviours, convenience to be environmentally responsible and favourable law enforcement. Issue: 10 years has passed since the Green City Action Plan [MGCAP] and Sustainable Urban Development Framework [SUDF] were introduced. The Melaka EC to eco-behaviours needs to be assessed to determine the impact of the MGCAP and SUDF to EC of eco-behaviours. Purpose: This paper aims to compare the EC of Melaka residents to residents of other states in Malaysia. Approach: One-Way MANOVA was generated to determine the mean distribution of 10 EC items, across Malaysia States. Findings: There were significant differences within subjects of the 10 EC items between-subjects of Malaysia States. The Post-Hoc Test indicated almost all of the means of EC items for Melaka were higher than other states. The MGCAP and the SUDF shows a positive impact on the EC to a sustainable community.

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

Evaluation of Changes in Depression Levels of Bruxism Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin-A

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110065
Author(s):  
Deniz Erdil ◽  
Nilsun Bagis ◽  
Hakan Eren ◽  
Melike Camgoz ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: Bruxism is defined as the involuntary recurrent masticatory muscle activity characterized by gnashing, grinding, clenching of teeth, and/or pushing the mandible. Factors creating its etiology are peripheral (morphological) or central (physiopathological and physiological), and exogenous. Recently, among physiological factors, depression and bruxism were considered to be related. A definitive treatment method does not exist for bruxism; however, botulinum toxin-A (BT-A) application is an up-to-date and effective way of treatment. The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of depression in bruxism patients treated with BT-A application. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 individuals (23 females and 2 males) who were diagnosed as bruxism patients were included in the study. 25 U of BT-A for each masseter muscle was injected into the patients. Patients were prospectively observed for a possible change in depression levels by using Beck’s Depression Inventory. The inventory was implemented before and six months after the BT-A application. Depression levels before and six months after the injection were compared. A paired t-test was used to compare “before” and “after” treatment values. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the change in Beck’s Depression Inventory scores according to age groups. Results: The mean total score was 7.80 ± 8.10 before the treatment and 7.16 ± 6.52 six months after the treatment. The decrease in the mean score was not statistically significant ( P > .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the decrease in the mean Beck’s Depression Inventory scores, a statistically significant decrease in the depression levels of patients was not observed.

scholarly journals The use of vitreous renal chemistries in the discrimination of postmortem fresh water drowning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732199752
Author(s):  
Eni-yimini Solomon Agoro ◽  
Charles German Ikimi ◽  
Tommy Edidiong
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Diacetyl Monoxime ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cover Up

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated drowning as the leading cause of unintentional death in the world, with 372,000 deaths reported annually. Not all drowning are unintentional; some could be disguised to cover up an act of heinous criminality. This study was aimed at using some vitreous renal function biochemical parameters as a discriminant of postmortem fresh water drowning. Twelve albino rabbits constituted the sample size as validated by Mead’s formula. The study was divided into three groups; the control, postmortem-drowned and truly drowned as mimicked using an artificial fresh water pond. Vitreous humours were extracted using Coe method. The vitreous renal chemistries were analysed using diacetyl monoxime, Jaffe’s test, uricase and ion-selective electrode (ISE) methods respectively. Result: The mean of vitreous creatinine, urea, uric acid, Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, glucose and CO2 of the control, postmortem-drowned and truly drowned groups were compared using One-way Anova (post-hoc-LSD) with the aid of SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA; Version 18–21 package. The findings revealed a significant increase in concentrations of vitreous creatinine, glucose, Ca2+ and K+ of the drowned death group, whereas vitreous concentrations of CO2 and urea significantly decreased when compared to the controls and/or postmortem-drowned death. Conclusion: The study has shown that some of the studied vitreous biochemical parameters could be used as an ancillary tool in discriminating death due to fresh water drowning from that of disguised or postmortem-drowned death.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study of regenerative potential of non vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using platelet rich fibrin scaffold

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvakumar Kritika ◽  
V. Sujatha ◽  
N. Srinivasan ◽  
Senthil Kumar Renganathan ◽  
Sekar Mahalaxmi
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
Fibrin Scaffold ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractRegenerative endodontic procedures have gained momentum as a treatment modality of young immature permanent teeth. Literature reports reveal that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) stimulates growth factors and induces regeneration. This study was undertaken to assess the regenerative potential of non-vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using PRF with a follow-up for 2 yrs. 19 patients in the age group of 9–25 yrs with immature, non-vital permanent maxillary central incisors (n = 23) with/without signs and/or symptoms of periapical pathosis and open apex were included in this study. In the first appointment, access opening, canal disinfection and triple antibiotic paste placement were done. In the subsequent visit, PRF was prepared and placed inside the canal. Access was sealed with Mineral trioxide aggregate plug and composite. The patient was reviewed up to 24 mths. The mean difference was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by Dunn post hoc test and adjusted by Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). As per AAE guidelines, the primary and secondary goals were achieved. A significant (p < 0.001) gradual increase in the root length, thickness of dentinal walls and decrease in apical diameter were observed. Within the limitations of this study, PRF placement was clinically and radiographically effective in inducing regeneration of non-vital immature permanent teeth.

scholarly journals The penetration of methanol into bovine cardiac and hepatic tissues is faster than ethanol and formalin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Steicke ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Tam Nguyen Dinh ◽  
Matthew Dunster-Jones ◽  
Owen Sargisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Penetration Distance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tissue Shrinkage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Liver Tissues

Methanol, ethanol and formalin are commonly used as fixatives to preserve biological tissues from decay in the preparation of histological sections. Fixation of the inner layers of the tissue depends on the ability of the fixative to diffuse into the tissue. It is unknown whether methanol penetrates tissues at similar rates to other fixatives. This study aimed to compare the penetration rates of methanol, ethanol and formalin into bovine heart and liver tissues. The penetration distance and tissue shrinkage or expansion were measured by analysing the digital images of tissue before and after immersion in different fixatives for 1, 2, 6 or 10 h. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. The penetration distance of methanol was significantly greater in both heart and liver tissues compared with that of ethanol (N=4, P<0.001). Methanol or ethanol immersion led to similar shrinkage of both tissues (P>0.05). The penetration rate of formalin was similar to that of ethanol in both tissues however it was significantly slower than methanol (N=4, P<0.005 in the heart; P<0.001 in the liver). The mean penetration coefficients of methanol, formalin and ethanol in the heart tissue were 2.609, 1.994 and 1.801, respectively, and 3.012, 2.153 and 2.113, respectively, in the liver tissue. The penetration coefficient of methanol was significantly greater than that of ethanol or formalin in both tissues (P<0.001 for each comparison). In conclusion, methanol penetrates tissue significantly faster than ethanol and formalin.

scholarly journals Effect of Patiromer in Hyperkalemic Patients Taking and Not Taking RAAS Inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kloner ◽  
Coleman Gross ◽  
Jinwei Yuan ◽  
Ansgar Conrad ◽  
Pablo E. Pergola
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Common Adverse Event ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
End Point ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Raas Inhibitors ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Hyperkalemia (potassium >5.0 mEq/L) affects heart failure patients with renal disease regardless of the use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi). The open-label TOURMALINE study showed that patiromer, a sodium-free, nonabsorbed potassium binder, lowers serum potassium of hyperkalemic patients similarly when given with or without food; unlike prior studies, patients were not required to be taking RAASi. We conducted post hoc analyses to provide the first report of patiromer in patients not taking RAASi. Methods: Hyperkalemic patients received patiromer, 8.4 g/d to start, adjusted to achieve and maintain serum potassium of 3.8 to 5.0 mEq/L. If taking RAASi, stable doses were required. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with serum potassium 3.8 to 5.0 mEq/L at week 3 or 4. This analysis presents data by patients taking or not taking RAASi. Results: Demographics and baseline characteristics were similar in patients taking (n = 67) and not taking RAASi (n = 45). Baseline mean (SD) serum potassium was 5.37 (0.37) mEq/L and 5.42 (0.43) mEq/L in patients taking and not taking RAASi, respectively. Mean (SD) daily patiromer doses were similar (10.7 [3.2] and 11.5 [4.0] g, respectively). The primary end point was achieved in 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74-93) of patients taking RAASi and in 84% (95% CI: 71-94) of patients not taking RAASi. From baseline to week 4, the mean (SE) change in serum potassium was −0.67 (0.08) mEq/L in patients taking RAASi and −0.56 (0.10) mEq/L in patients not taking RAASi (both P < .0001 vs baseline, P = nonsignificant between groups). Adverse events were reported in 26 (39%) patients taking RAASi and 25 (54%) not taking RAASi; the most common adverse event was diarrhea (2% and 11%, respectively; no cases were severe). Five patients (2 taking RAASi) reported 6 serious adverse events; none considered related to patiromer. Conclusions: Patiromer was effective and generally well-tolerated for hyperkalemia treatment, whether or not patients were taking RAAS inhibitors.

Anthropomorphic Teiloperation: Controlling Remote Manipulators with the Dataglove

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Manipulator Arm ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Teleoperation Systems ◽  
Full Factorial

A study was conducted to assess the capabilities and limitations of the DataGlove, a lightweight glove input device that can output signals in real time based on hand shape, orientation, and movement. The DataGlove was used as an input device to control the Proto-Flight Manipulator Arm (PFMA), a large telerobotic arm with an 8-foot reach. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) participated in a 2×3(×2) full-factorial experiment in a simple retraction, slewing, and insertion task. Two within-subjects variables, time delay (0,1, and 2 seconds) and PFMA wrist flexibility (rigid/flexible) were manipulated. Gender served as a blocking variable. Retraction, insertion, and slew times, as well as total task time were collected as the dependent variables. An analysis of variance found a main effect of time delay for slewing and total task times. A post hoc Newman-Keuls pairwise comparison of the means was performed for the significant effects. Slew times with no time delay were significantly faster than slew times with either 1- or 2-second time delays. Total task time with no time delay was significantly faster than total task time with a 2-second time delay. PFMA wrist flexibility had no significant main effect on the ability of the subject to accurately and effectively operate the PFMA with the DataGlove. It was concluded that the DataGlove is a legitimate teleoperations input device that provides a natural, intuitive user interface and should be considered in future trades in teleoperation systems' designs.

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