The penetration of methanol into bovine cardiac and hepatic tissues is faster than ethanol and formalin

Methanol, ethanol and formalin are commonly used as fixatives to preserve biological tissues from decay in the preparation of histological sections. Fixation of the inner layers of the tissue depends on the ability of the fixative to diffuse into the tissue. It is unknown whether methanol penetrates tissues at similar rates to other fixatives. This study aimed to compare the penetration rates of methanol, ethanol and formalin into bovine heart and liver tissues. The penetration distance and tissue shrinkage or expansion were measured by analysing the digital images of tissue before and after immersion in different fixatives for 1, 2, 6 or 10 h. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. The penetration distance of methanol was significantly greater in both heart and liver tissues compared with that of ethanol (N=4, P<0.001). Methanol or ethanol immersion led to similar shrinkage of both tissues (P>0.05). The penetration rate of formalin was similar to that of ethanol in both tissues however it was significantly slower than methanol (N=4, P<0.005 in the heart; P<0.001 in the liver). The mean penetration coefficients of methanol, formalin and ethanol in the heart tissue were 2.609, 1.994 and 1.801, respectively, and 3.012, 2.153 and 2.113, respectively, in the liver tissue. The penetration coefficient of methanol was significantly greater than that of ethanol or formalin in both tissues (P<0.001 for each comparison). In conclusion, methanol penetrates tissue significantly faster than ethanol and formalin.

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Evaluation of Changes in Depression Levels of Bruxism Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin-A

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211006554 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110065

Author(s):

Deniz Erdil ◽

Nilsun Bagis ◽

Hakan Eren ◽

Melike Camgoz ◽

Kaan Orhan

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Age Groups ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Toxin A ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc

Aim: Bruxism is defined as the involuntary recurrent masticatory muscle activity characterized by gnashing, grinding, clenching of teeth, and/or pushing the mandible. Factors creating its etiology are peripheral (morphological) or central (physiopathological and physiological), and exogenous. Recently, among physiological factors, depression and bruxism were considered to be related. A definitive treatment method does not exist for bruxism; however, botulinum toxin-A (BT-A) application is an up-to-date and effective way of treatment. The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of depression in bruxism patients treated with BT-A application. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 individuals (23 females and 2 males) who were diagnosed as bruxism patients were included in the study. 25 U of BT-A for each masseter muscle was injected into the patients. Patients were prospectively observed for a possible change in depression levels by using Beck’s Depression Inventory. The inventory was implemented before and six months after the BT-A application. Depression levels before and six months after the injection were compared. A paired t-test was used to compare “before” and “after” treatment values. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the change in Beck’s Depression Inventory scores according to age groups. Results: The mean total score was 7.80 ± 8.10 before the treatment and 7.16 ± 6.52 six months after the treatment. The decrease in the mean score was not statistically significant ( P > .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the decrease in the mean Beck’s Depression Inventory scores, a statistically significant decrease in the depression levels of patients was not observed.

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Comparative in vitro study of the cleaning efficacy of AirFloss ultra and I-Prox Sulcus brushes in an orthodontic phantom model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81603-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Boes ◽

Sören Brüstle ◽

Gholamreza Danesh ◽

Stefan Zimmer ◽

Mozhgan Bizhang

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Phantom Model ◽

Before And After ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Cleaning Efficacy

AbstractPreventing biofilm-related risks such as gingivitis and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatments is very challenging. The cleaning efficiencies of AirFloss Ultra and I-Prox P sulcus brushes were evaluated using an orthodontic phantom model. After attaching brackets onto black-coated maxillary KaVo teeth, a plaque substitute was applied. The evaluated tooth surfaces were divided into two areas. Cleaning was performed with an AirFloss Ultra with two (A-2) or four (A-4) sprays or an I-Prox P for two (I-2) or four (I-4) seconds. Images before and after cleaning were digitally subtracted, and the percentage of fully cleaned surfaces was determined (Adobe Photoshop CS5, ImageJ). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (SPSS 25, p < 0.05). The mean values of total cleaning efficacy were 26.87% for I-2, 43.73% for I-4, 34.93%, for A-2 and 56.78% for A-4. The efficacy was significantly higher for A-4 than for A-2, I-4, and I-2. There were significant differences between the four groups. Repeated cleaning led to an improved result. Within the study limitations, the AirFloss Ultra with four sprays proved to be more efficient than the sulcus brush I-Prox P for cleaning.

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Cyclophosphamide induced anemia in Wistar rats: can it be prevented by Sajna (Moringaoleifera)?

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v15i1.48110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Farhana Fatema ◽

Sharmin Nahar ◽

Qazi Shamima Akhter

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Dose Schedule ◽

Free Access ◽

Medical College ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Group B ◽

Access To Food ◽

Post Hoc

Background: Chemotherapy-induced anemia is a multifactorial challenge to the treatment of malignancy. Herbal medicine may help totreat such anemia due to its natural compatibility. Moringaoleifera (Sajna), is well known for preventing and curing anemia. Objective: To evaluate the preventive effect of aqueous extract of Moringaoleiferaleaf (AEMOL) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced anemia in Wistar rats. Method: The experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2015 to June 2016. Thirty Wistar ratsof both sexes weighing 175±25 gm were grouped as A[normal saline (1ml/kg); oral],and B [CP (3mg/kg);i. p.], C[AEMOL (300mg/kg);oral], D [AEMOL(300mg/kg); oral and CP(3 mg / kg) i. p. simultaneously for 14 consecutive days] and E [AEMOL(300mg/kg); oralfor 14 consecutive days and CP(30mg/ kg); i. p. on 12th, 13th,14th day] with 6 rats in each group.All the rats had free access to food and distilled water during the period of acclimatization (seven days) and experiment(fourteen days).Total count(TC)) of RBC, hemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV)were estimated to assess anemia in all rats before and after experiment. The statistical analyses were done by one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test where p<0.05 was accepted as level of significance. Result: The mean TCof RBC, Hb% and PCV were significantly (p<0.001) lower in CP treated rats (group B), in comparison to all other rats of different groups (A, C, D and E). In addition, all these three variables were significantly higher in AEMOLtreated group(C) compared to saline treated rats (A)but almost similar in rats with two groups of different dose schedule of AEMOL and CP (D, E). Conclusion:From the study, it can be concluded that CP induced anemia can be prevented by AEMOL used either simultaneously or in an anticipating manner. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, June; 15(1): 11-16

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Comparation of Antihypertensive Effect of Goldenberry, Cucumber, and Combination Juice Against Systolic Blood Pressure on Rats Induced 8% NaCl

Nutri-Sains Jurnal Gizi Pangan dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.21580/ns.2019.3.1.3419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Fiki Husna ◽

Amilia Yuni Damayanti ◽

Dianti Desita Sari

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Group Method ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc

This study was a true experimental study using the randomized controlled group method with a pre-post test design. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (5 rats/group): K (+) Captopril 0,45 mg/200 g BW, goldenberry juice 1,8 ml/200 g BW (P1), cucumber juice 1,8 ml/200 g BW (P2), and 1,8 ml/200 g BW (P3, combination juice 50%:50%). Systolic blood pressure measured by blood pressure analyzer with the tail-cuff method. The result of systolic blood pressure analyzed by Paired t-Test to determine the mean difference of systolic blood pressure before and after 8% NaCl induction. One Way ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc Duncan to determine the mean difference of systolic blood pressure between groups. Goldenberry, cucumber, and combination juice have a significant effect of reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertension with p = 0,000 (<0,05). Goldenberry juice was the most effectively on reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertension with 42.21%.

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Effect of Vital Tooth Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Streptococcal Biofilm Formation on Direct Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/16-366-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I Wongpraparatana ◽

O Matangkasombut ◽

P Thanyasrisung ◽

M Panich

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc

SUMMARY Objective: To compare the effect of simulated bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) or a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) system on surface roughness of resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) and streptococcal biofilm formation on these surfaces. Methods and Materials: Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis , and trypticase soy broth control for 24 hours. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The differences between the mean changes in Ra between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material were evaluated with an independent t -test. The quantity of biofilm formation on each material was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey test ( α =0.05).Specimens of nanofilled resin composite and RMGI (n=108 each) were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): no treatment control, 10% CP, and 40% HP. The surface roughness values (Ra) were measured before and after treatments. The specimens in each group were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=12) and incubated with Results: S. mutans biofilm formation, bleaching with 10% CP and 40% HP increased biofilm on both materials compared to controls. However, S. sanguinis biofilm formation was significantly higher on bleached resin composite but not on RMGI specimens.Surface roughness significantly increased after bleaching in all groups. There was no significant difference between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material. For Conclusions: S. sanguinis biofilm on RMGI.Simulated bleaching with 10% CP or 40% HP increased both surface roughness and biofilm formation on resin composite and RMGI, except for

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Clinical and Enzymatic Investigation of Induction of Oxygen Free Radicals by Ischemia and Reperfusion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Adjacent Liver

HPB Surgery ◽

10.1155/1995/16191 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akira Yamanoi ◽

Naofumi Nagasue ◽

Hitoshi Kohno ◽

Takeo Kimoto ◽

Terushisa Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Oxygen Free Radicals ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Mean Value ◽

Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Serum concentration of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants in the hepatic vein were measured before and after transient dearterialization of the liver in five human subjects bearing unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During 1 hour of the occlusion of the hepatic artery, change inTBA reactants level was slight. However, the mean value of TBA reactants in 1 hour after the reflow increased to 1.50 ± 0.11 nmol/ml (mean ± S.E.) and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those before hepatic dearterialization (1.28 ± 0.11 nmol/ml) and just before the release of occlusion (1.32 ± 0.09 nmol/ml).Further, two endogeneous scavenger enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and one of the major sources of oxygen free radicals, xanthine oxidase (XOD) were measured in human untreated HCC and the corresponding adjacent liver tissue. The results demonstrated an increase in SOD in 81.8% (9/11) of HCC, and a decrease in CAT in 72.7% (8/11) of HCC when compared with the corresponding adjacent liver tissue. The mean value of SOD in HCC was significantly higher (66.8 ± 6.5 vs 52.8 ± 3.8 U/mg protein; p < 0.05), and that of CAT was significantly lower (22.6 ± 2.4 vs 36.0 ± 6.1 U/mg protein; p < 0.05) than those in liver tissue. All of nine HCC samples had a significantly lower activity of XOD (6.4 ± 1.9 vs 20.3 ± 3.4 pmol/minute/mg protein; p < 0.01) than the corresponding liver tissue. There was no obvious relation between the content of SOD and CAT in HCC, or in liver tissue.These data may suggest that oxygen free radicals can be generated in human HCC by ischemia and reperfusion of the tumor- bearing liver. It is also indicated that the antioxidant system of HCC is not always impaired, and that HCC might develop several lines of defence systems against the oxidative attack. A possible strategy of the treatment for liver tumor with oxygen derived free radicals induced by ischemia and reperfusion is hypothized here.

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AB0476 VITAMIN D SERUM CONCENTRATION VARIES ACCORDING TO DISEASE ACTIVITY IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2921 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1265.2-1265

Author(s):

M. Rato ◽

F. Oliveira Pinheiro ◽

S. Garcia ◽

B. M. Fernandes ◽

D. Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Mean Value ◽

High Disease Activity ◽

Inactive Disease ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Very High

Background:Several studies have shown dissimilar results for the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25-OH-D) and disease activity in spondyloarthritis (SpA).Objectives:This study aims to assess whether vitamin D levels vary according to disease activity in patients with SpA before and after starting treatment with biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).Methods:An observational retrospective study was performed in SpA patients followed in the Rheumatology department of a tertiary university hospital. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt). Patients were assessed for 25-OH-D levels before and after 6 months of treatment with the first bDMARD. Correlation between 25-OH-D levels and disease activity measured by Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) at baseline and after 6 months were assessed using student’s t-test for two samples and one-way ANOVA and with post hoc tests for multiple comparisons.Results:A total of 189 patients were included. Ninety-seven patients were females (51.3%). The mean age at diagnosis was 34.8±11.2 years and the median disease duration at the start of the first bDMARD was 4.9 years (min: 0.1; max: 46.0). All patients fulfilled the ASAS criteria for SpA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used by 102 patients (54.0%) and conventional synthetic DMARDs by 69 patients (36.5%). At 6 months, 188 patients were treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and one with interleukin-17 inhibitor. According to ASDAS criteria, at baseline 36.8% of patients had high disease activity and 59.5% had very high disease activity. After 6 months of treatment with bDMARD 14.7% of patients have inactive disease, 21.6% low disease activity, 36.3% high activity and 12.6% very high disease activity. The mean value of 25-OH-D at baseline was significantly lower in the group of patients with very high disease activity compared to the patients with high disease activity (21.9±11.1 ng/ml vs 26.1±11.6 ng/ml, p= 0.02). At 6 months of treatment the mean value of 25-OH-D in inactive, low, high and very high disease activity was 31.0±17.1ng/ml, 28.5±11.2ng/ml, 25.8±10.8ng/ml and 19.3 ±9.5ng/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups, as determined by one-way ANOVA (p = 0.001). A post hoc Dunnett T3 test revealed that patients with very high disease activity have significantly lower mean 25-OH-D levels (19.29 ± 9.5) than patients with inactive disease (31.0 ± 17.1, p = 0.025) and low activity (28.5 ± 11.2, p = 0.009). Among the groups with high and very high disease activity, the significance is only marginal (p = 0.068).Conclusion:Vitamin D serum concentration varies according to disease activity in SpA. In fact, SpA patients with lower levels of 25-OH-D are associated with higher rates of disease activity, even in patients treated with biologics agents. It is important to be aware of vitamin D level as it can play a role in the management and treatment of the disease, mainly in the most severe patients.References:[1]Zhao SZ, Thong D, Duffield S, Goodson N. Vitamin D Deficiency in Axial Spondyloarthritis is Associated With Higher Disease Activity. Arch Rheumatol. 2017 Mar 24;32(3):209-215. doi: 10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2017.6212. PMID: 30375524; PMCID: PMC6190948.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.32831/jik.v4i2.85 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Putri Megasari

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Mean Value ◽

Test Design ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

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Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz029.p02-001-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Velarie Ansu ◽

Stephanie Dickinson ◽

Alyce Fly

Keyword(s):

Indiana University ◽

Left Hand ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Right Hand ◽

Period Data ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Main Effects ◽

Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

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Quality of Life for Children with Persistent Sinonasal Symptoms

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1067/mhn.2003.41 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

David J. Kay ◽

Richard M. Rosenfeld

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

Good Test ◽

Routine Clinical Care ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

Sinonasal Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to validate the SN-5 survey as a measure of longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a before and after study of 85 children aged 2 to 12 years in a metropolitan pediatric otolaryngology practice. Caregivers completed the SN-5 survey at entry and at least 4 weeks later. The survey included 5 symptom-cluster items covering the domains of sinus infection, nasal obstruction, allergy symptoms, emotional distress, and activity limitations. RESULTS: Good test-retest reliability ( R = 0.70) was obtained for the overall SN-5 score and the individual survey items ( R ≥ 0.58). The mean baseline SN-5 score was 3.8 (SD, 1.0) of a maximum of 7.0, with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL. All SN-5 items had adequate correlation ( R ≥ 0.36) with external constructs. The mean change in SN-5 score after routine clinical care was 0.88 (SD, 1.19) with an effect size of 0.74 indicating good responsiveness to longitudinal change. The change scores correlated appropriately with changes in related external constructs ( R ≥ 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The SN-5 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of HRQoL for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms, suitable for use in outcomes studies and routine clinical care.

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