scholarly journals How alcohol consumption influences obesity in middle-aged men: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-379
Author(s):  
Laura Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Robust Evidence

Total alcohol intake may influence overweight and obesity in some (particularly heavy) drinkers, but the magnitude of weight gain appears clinically marginal. Robust evidence to support that reducing alcohol consumption may address the obesity epidemic is lacking and warrants further research. Study findings nonetheless favour current practice, encouraging clinicians to recognise and address drinking behaviours as one of many lifestyle factors pertinent to individual weight management.

scholarly journals Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Small Change in Total Consumption, but Increase in Proportion of Heavy Drinkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4231
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Rossow ◽  
Elin K. Bye ◽  
Inger Synnøve Moan ◽  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Small Change

Little is known about possible changes in alcohol consumption distribution during the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated how individual changes in alcohol consumption during the pandemic translated into changes in: (i) mean consumption; (ii) dispersion of consumption distribution; and (iii) prevalence of heavy drinkers. We employed data from two independent web-surveys of Norwegian adults collected between April and July 2020 and limited to those reporting past year alcohol consumption (N1 = 15,267, N2 = 1195). Self-reports of changes in drinking behavior were quantified, assuming change being relative to baseline consumption level. During the pandemic, we found a small increase (Survey 1) or no change (Survey 2) in estimated mean alcohol consumption (which parallels to total consumption). However, in both surveys, the dispersion of the distribution increased significantly (p < 0.001). For most respondents, an average modest decline in consumption was found. However, the small fraction with the highest baseline consumption increased their consumption substantially, and in effect, the proportion of heavy drinkers increased markedly (p < 0.001). In conclusion, quantifications of reported changes in alcohol consumption during the pandemic suggest that the upper 5 to 10% of the drinkers increased their consumption and hence the prevalence of heavy drinkers increased, despite little or no change in total alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Outcomes of excessive alcohol drinkers without baseline evidence of chronic liver disease after 15 years follow-up: Heavy burden of cancer and liver disease mortality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252218
Author(s):  
Sónia Bernardo ◽  
Ricardo Crespo ◽  
Sofia Saraiva ◽  
Rui Barata ◽  
Sara Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Burden

Background Most long-term heavy drinkers do not have clinically evident chronic liver disease (CLD). However, at any time-point, their risk of developing CLD remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of a group of heavy drinkers, without evidence of CLD at baseline. Methods A cohort of 123 long-term heavy drinkers without CLD were prospectively recruited in 2002 and retrospectively followed until 2018. Results At baseline (2002), median alcohol consumption was 271±203g/day during 21.5±20 years, 65% being abstinent during the previous 1.75±5 months. Patients were followed for 14±3 years. During follow-up, 53% reported any alcohol intake. Alcohol consumption during follow-up associated weakly with either 1- or 6-months previous abstinence at baseline. Until 2018, progression to CLD occurred in 6%, associating with years of alcohol intake during follow-up (OR 1.15 [1.01–1.31]) and baseline alkaline-phosphatase (OR 1.05 [1.01–1.10]). During follow-up, being abstinent for at least 1 year positively associated with CLD-free survival. 27% died (55% of cancer–mostly oropharyngeal cancer, 27% of cardiovascular disease, and 9% of liver disease), with a mean age of 71 years [69–74] (10 years less than the expected in the Portuguese population). Achieving abstinence for at least 1 year positively associated with overall survival, while smoking, and hepatic steatosis at baseline associated negatively. Conclusion Long-term heavy drinkers seemed to have a decreased life expectancy compared with the overall Portuguese population. Cancer was the main cause of death. Our results suggest that progression to CLD depends mostly on continued alcohol intake. Alcohol abstinence, even if temporary, seems to decrease the risks of CLD and mortality.

Biochemical and Haematological Response to Alcohol Intake

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Shaper ◽  
S J Pocock ◽  
D Ashby ◽  
M Walker ◽  
T P Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Haematological Response ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Single Blood Sample

In a clinical survey of 7735 middle-aged men, alcohol consumption has been related to 25 biochemical and haematological measurements obtained from a single blood sample. Most measurements showed some association with alcohol consumption, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) being the most strongly associated. Lead, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), urate and aspartate transaminase also showed substantial associations with alcohol intake. Using a discriminant analysis technique, a simple score based on five variables (GGT, HDL-C, urate, MCH and lead) provided the best discrimination between heavy drinkers (e.g. more than three pints of beer daily) and occasional drinkers, but still failed to identify more than half of the heavy drinkers. This combined score may prove a useful measure of an individual's biochemical/haematological response to alcohol consumption for use in epidemiological and clinical studies of alcohol-related disorders. The use of such indices should complement but not replace measures of alcohol intake derived from questionnaires.

scholarly journals Premenstrual syndrome and alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019490 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Mar Fernández ◽  
Jurgita Saulyte ◽  
Hazel M Inskip ◽  
Bahi Takkouche
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common disorder worldwide which carries an important economic burden. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the role of alcohol in the occurrence of PMS.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the five regional bibliographic databases of the WHO, the Proceedings database and the Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD) from inception to May 2017. We also reviewed the references of every article retrieved and established personal contact with researchers to trace further publications or reports. We did not include any language limitations. Studies were included if: (1) they presented original data from cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies, (2) PMS was clearly defined as the outcome of interest, (3) one of the exposure factors was alcohol consumption, (4) they provided estimates of odds ratios, relative risks, or any other effect measure and their confidence intervals, or enough data to calculate them.ResultsWe identified 39 studies of which 19 were eligible. Intake of alcohol was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of PMS (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.79). Heavy drinking yielded a larger increase in the risk than any drinking (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.32).DiscussionOur results suggest that alcohol intake presents a moderate association with PMS risk. Future studies should avoid cross-sectional designs and focus on determining whether there is a threshold of alcohol intake under which the harmful effect on PMS is non-existent.

scholarly journals Trends of BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portugal (1995–2005): a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Carreira ◽  
Marta Pereira ◽  
Ana Azevedo ◽  
Nuno Lunet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveLocale-specific data on BMI and overweight/obesity are necessary to understand how the obesity epidemic is evolving in each setting. We aimed to describe the temporal trends of mean BMI and prevalences of overweight/obesity in studies that evaluated Portuguese adults and older people.DesignSystematic review, conducted via a PubMed search up to January 2011 and independent reference screening and data extraction. Twenty-one eligible studies were identified. Data were extracted from the published reports and obtained from the authors of seven of the largest studies. Adjusted ecological estimates of mean BMI and prevalences of overweight/obesity were computed by linear regression.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2005, when using data obtained from anthropometric measurements, overweight prevalence increased by 3·2 % and 3·5 % and obesity prevalence by 7·4 % and 1·3 % among women and men, respectively, while mean BMI did not vary meaningfully. When using self-reported information, mean BMI increased by 0·8 kg/m2 and 0·9 kg/m2, overweight prevalence by 3·5 % and 3·7 % and obesity prevalence by 5·8 % and 5·5 % among women and men, respectively. Results from the 20-year-old conscripts (1960–2000) showed a marked increase in these outcomes in the last decades.ConclusionsOur results show an important increase in overweight/obesity in younger ages. The trends in the indicators derived from self-reported data suggest an increase in awareness of the importance of overweight/obesity among the population.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of alcoholics in peri-urban areas of the greater Accra region of Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (63) ◽  
pp. 8821-8836
Author(s):  
SS Klobodu ◽  
◽  
M Steiner-Asiedu ◽  
E Colecraft ◽  
AK Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Greater Accra Region

Alcoholism is a common problem in developing countries. Epidemiological studies on the relationship among excessive alcohol consumption, malnutrition and anaemia are inconclusive. The present study examined the association between alcohol intake and nutritional status of alcoholics in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study was cross-sectional involving 107 participants (men and women) aged between 20 and 76 years. Participants were identified as alcoholics after screening with a combined, but modified CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Anthropometric data including weight, biceps skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected. Body mass index (BMI) and Waist-to-hip ratio were computed using appropriate measures. Haemoglobin levels of participants were also assessed. Dietary intakes of respondents were estimated by 24-hour recall which was further converted into nutrients and energy using ESHA food processor. A pretested questionnaire was also used to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants. Differences between participants based on level of alcohol intake and correlations among variables were tested for statistical significance using ANOVA and correlation analyses, respectively. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between levels of total ethanol intake and overweight and obesity factors while controlling for age, smoking status, physical activity and total energy intake. There was an inverse correlation between triceps skinfold and level of alcohol consumption irrespective of predominant type of alcoholic beverage consumed (r= -0.213, P= 0.028). Further, there was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers (r= 0.585, P= 0.046). A strong positive correlation was observed between alcohol intake and haemoglobin concentration for women (r= 0.729, P= 0.040) but not among men (r= -0.053, P= 0.722). Predominant beer consumers tend to have higher weight and BMI. Moderate level of total ethanol intake was associated with greater odds of being overweight/obese, whereas high levels of intake was associated with lower odds of being overweight/obesity although these were not statistically significant. The mechanisms for the observation of higher weight, BMI and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers in this population need further exploration.

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