Biochemical and Haematological Response to Alcohol Intake

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Shaper ◽  
S J Pocock ◽  
D Ashby ◽  
M Walker ◽  
T P Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Haematological Response ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Single Blood Sample

In a clinical survey of 7735 middle-aged men, alcohol consumption has been related to 25 biochemical and haematological measurements obtained from a single blood sample. Most measurements showed some association with alcohol consumption, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) being the most strongly associated. Lead, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), urate and aspartate transaminase also showed substantial associations with alcohol intake. Using a discriminant analysis technique, a simple score based on five variables (GGT, HDL-C, urate, MCH and lead) provided the best discrimination between heavy drinkers (e.g. more than three pints of beer daily) and occasional drinkers, but still failed to identify more than half of the heavy drinkers. This combined score may prove a useful measure of an individual's biochemical/haematological response to alcohol consumption for use in epidemiological and clinical studies of alcohol-related disorders. The use of such indices should complement but not replace measures of alcohol intake derived from questionnaires.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Liver Function Tests and Alcohol Intake in Patients Admitted to an Alcoholism Unit

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Evans ◽  
S Ogston ◽  
Anne Guthrie ◽  
B Johnston ◽  
L McKechnie
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
The Relationship

Values of various blood plasma tests have been determined in heavy drinkers admitted to an Alcoholism Unit and in a reference group of occasional social drinkers. These tests were total protein, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), asparate amino transferase (AST) and amylase. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of GGT and AST as indices of alcohol intake in heavy drinkers entering an Alcoholism Unit. The data indicate that in the patients group intra-personal variance and analytical variances are relatively small compared with the between-person variance. The data also indicate, however, that in the patients group GGT and AST are not valid group indices of alcohol intake since the between-person variation is large and the correlation with alcohol intake is weak due to large differences in the dose-response relationship between individuals. AST and GGT are poor indicators of alcohol intake in admissions to an Alcoholism Unit.

Effects of Alcohol Intake on Organ Injuries in Normotensive and Hypertensive Human Subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Ishimitsu ◽  
Kaori Yoshida ◽  
Miki Nakamura ◽  
Kohju Tsukada ◽  
Shigeru Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

1. This cross-sectional study examined the influence of alcohol intake on organ injuries in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 2. A total of 514 normotensive subjects and 302 never-treated hypertensive subjects were screened from 4557 men who entered the health check programme of our institute during the period 1990 to 1994. According to the daily alcohol consumption data reported by a self-administered questionnaire, the normotensive and hypertensive subjects were both classified into four categories; very light and non- (0–10 ml of ethanol), light (11–29 ml), moderate (30–58 ml) and heavy (≥59 ml) drinker groups. In these four pairs of groups, organ injuries in the heart, kidney and optic fundus were evaluated and serum lipids were measured. 3. Although the blood pressure levels were similar among the four groups of hypertensive subjects, the electrocardiographic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy were significantly more common among the moderate and heavy drinkers but not in the light drinkers compared with the very light and non-drinkers (very light and non-drinkers 25%, light drinkers 23%, moderate drinkers 38%, heavy drinkers 40%; P = 0.026). The alcohol intake increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner without changing the total cholesterol level; however, the serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triacylglycerol levels were increased in the moderate and heavy drinkers. Urinary albumin excretion and fundoscopic lesions were not associated with the drinking habit in either the normotensive or hypertensive subjects. 4. These data suggest that habitual alcohol consumption exceeding 29 ml per day facilitates the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Among the hypertensive subjects, light drinkers consuming 11 to 29 ml of ethanol daily showed preferable profiles in terms of organ injuries and risks of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, a marker of alcohol intake, is associated with telomere length and cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmée M. Bijnens ◽  
Catherine Derom ◽  
Evert Thiery ◽  
Dries S. Martens ◽  
Ruth J. F. Loos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractStudies based on self-reported alcohol consumption and telomere length show inconsistent results. Therefore, we studied the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a widely used biomarker of alcohol intake, and telomere length. The possible health relevance in young adulthood was explored by investigating cardiometabolic risk factors. Mixed modelling was performed to examine GGT and alcohol consumption in association with telomere length in buccal cells of 211 adults between 18 and 30 years old of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey. In addition, we investigated the association between GGT and cardiometabolic risk factors; waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Although we did not observe an association between self-reported alcohol consumption and telomere length, our results show that a doubling in serum GGT is associated with 7.80% (95% CI − 13.9 to − 1.2%; p = 0.02) shorter buccal telomeres, independently from sex, chronological age, educational level, zygosity and chorionicity, waist-to-hip ratio and smoking. The association between GGT was significant for all five cardiometabolic risk factors, while adjusting for age. We show that GGT, a widely used biomarker of alcohol consumption, is associated with telomere length and with risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome, despite the young age of this study population.

scholarly journals Outcomes of excessive alcohol drinkers without baseline evidence of chronic liver disease after 15 years follow-up: Heavy burden of cancer and liver disease mortality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252218
Author(s):  
Sónia Bernardo ◽  
Ricardo Crespo ◽  
Sofia Saraiva ◽  
Rui Barata ◽  
Sara Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Burden

Background Most long-term heavy drinkers do not have clinically evident chronic liver disease (CLD). However, at any time-point, their risk of developing CLD remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of a group of heavy drinkers, without evidence of CLD at baseline. Methods A cohort of 123 long-term heavy drinkers without CLD were prospectively recruited in 2002 and retrospectively followed until 2018. Results At baseline (2002), median alcohol consumption was 271±203g/day during 21.5±20 years, 65% being abstinent during the previous 1.75±5 months. Patients were followed for 14±3 years. During follow-up, 53% reported any alcohol intake. Alcohol consumption during follow-up associated weakly with either 1- or 6-months previous abstinence at baseline. Until 2018, progression to CLD occurred in 6%, associating with years of alcohol intake during follow-up (OR 1.15 [1.01–1.31]) and baseline alkaline-phosphatase (OR 1.05 [1.01–1.10]). During follow-up, being abstinent for at least 1 year positively associated with CLD-free survival. 27% died (55% of cancer–mostly oropharyngeal cancer, 27% of cardiovascular disease, and 9% of liver disease), with a mean age of 71 years [69–74] (10 years less than the expected in the Portuguese population). Achieving abstinence for at least 1 year positively associated with overall survival, while smoking, and hepatic steatosis at baseline associated negatively. Conclusion Long-term heavy drinkers seemed to have a decreased life expectancy compared with the overall Portuguese population. Cancer was the main cause of death. Our results suggest that progression to CLD depends mostly on continued alcohol intake. Alcohol abstinence, even if temporary, seems to decrease the risks of CLD and mortality.

Alcohol consumption and carotid atherosclerosis in China: the Cardiovascular Risk Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Yi-Ning Yang ◽  
Zhen-Yan Fu ◽  
Xiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Uygur Population

Aim: The relationship between alcohol consumption and carotid atherosclerosis has been reported in some epidemiological studies, but the results were conflicting. We investigated the association between alcohol intake and carotid atherosclerosis in the Han, Uygur, and Kazakh populations in Xinjiang in western China. Methods and results: The study population sample comprised 13,037 Chinese people (5277 Han, 4572 Uygur, and 3188 Kazakh) aged ≥35 years who participated in a cardiovascular risk survey between June 2007 and March 2010. Daily consumption of alcohol was determined by the number and frequency of alcoholic beverages consumed. Carotid-artery parameters, including common carotid artery intima–media thickness (CCA–IMT) and carotid plaques were measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. In the Han and Kazakh populations, CCA–IMT as a function of alcohol consumption was depicted as a J-shaped curve with a nadir for the alcohol-intake category of 20–29.9 g/day; In the Uygur population, a similar curve with a nadir of 30–49.9 g/day was observed. With respect to the prevalence of carotid plaques, we also observed similar curves in the Han and Kazakh populations, but not in the Uygur population. After adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking status, as well as levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, the J-shaped curves remained. Conclusions: Our results indicated that alcohol consumption was associated with carotid atherosclerosis and that moderate drinking had an inverse association with carotid atherosclerosis. However, the definition of moderate drinking could be different in Han, Uygur, and Kazakh populations.

scholarly journals Lifetime duration of lactation and chronic inflammation among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001229
Author(s):  
Sylvia H Ley ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro ◽  
Stefanie N Hinkle ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Michael Y Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

IntroductionLonger duration of lactation is associated with lower cardiometabolic disease risk, but pathogenic pathways involved in the disease progression are unclear, especially among high-risk women. We aimed to examine the associations of lifetime lactation duration with cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM).Research design and methodsWomen with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II, a prospective cohort study, were identified and followed through biennial questionnaires beginning in 1991. Lactation history was asked in three follow-up questionnaires to calculate lifetime duration. In 2012–2014, fasting blood samples were collected through the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study to measure inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6), liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).ResultsAt follow-up blood collection, women were at median age 58.2 (95% CI 51 to 65) years and 26.3 (95% CI 15.7 to 34.1) years since GDM index pregnancy. After multiple adjustment including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), longer duration of lactation was significantly associated with lower CRP (least squares (LS) mean 1.90 mg/L (95% CI 1.47 to 2.45) for 0-month lactation, 1.98 mg/L (95% CI 1.68 to 2.32) for up to 12-month lactation, 1.67 mg/L (95% CI 1.42 to 1.97) for 12–24 month lactation, and 1.39 mg/L (95% CI 1.19 to 1.62) for >24-month lactation; p trend=0.003) and IL-6 (1.25 pg/L (95% CI 0.94 to 1.68), 1.19 pg/L (95% CI 0.99 to 1.42), 1.04 pg/L (95% CI 0.87 to 1.25), and 0.93 pg/L (95% CI 0.78 to 1.11); p trend=0.04). Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower risk for chronic inflammation using CRP 3 mg/L cut-off in middle-aged women (OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.940 per 1-year increase) with multiple adjustment.ConclusionsLonger lifetime duration of lactation was associated with favorable inflammatory biomarker concentrations in middle-aged women with a history of GDM. Chronic inflammatory pathways may be responsible for previously reported associations between lactation and long-term risk for cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Economic insecurity during the Great Recession and metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Aaron Reeves ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
David Stuckler
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundEconomic insecurity correlates with adverse health outcomes, but the biological pathways involved are not well understood. We examine how changes in economic insecurity relate to metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers.MethodsBlood analyte data were taken from 6520 individuals (aged 25–59 years) participating in Understanding Society. Economic insecurity was measured using an indicator of subjective financial strain and by asking participants whether they had missed any bill, council tax, rent or mortgage payments in the past year. We investigated longitudinal changes in economic insecurity (remained secure, increase in economic insecurity, decrease in economic insecurity, remained insecure) and the accumulation of economic insecurity. Linear regression models were calculated for nine (logged) biomarker outcomes related to metabolic, inflammatory, liver and kidney function (as falsification tests), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsCompared with those who remained economically stable, people who experienced consistent economic insecurity (using both measures) had worsened levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and glycated haemoglobin. Increased economic insecurity was associated with adverse levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.955, 95% CI 0.929 to 0.982), triglycerides (1.077, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.139) and CRP (1.114, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.227), using the measure of financial strain. Results for the other measure were generally consistent, apart from the higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase observed among those experiencing persistent insecurity (1.200, 95% CI 1.110 to 1.297).ConclusionEconomic insecurity is associated with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (particularly HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP), heightening risk for a range of health conditions.

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