Высокоскоростные полупроводниковые вертикально-излучающие лазеры для оптических систем передачи данных (Обзор)

AbstractThe main problems of providing a high-speed operation semiconductor lasers with a vertical microcavity (so-called “vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers”) under amplitude modulation and ways to solve them have been considered. The influence of the internal properties of the radiating active region and the electrical parasitic elements of the equivalent circuit of lasers are discussed. An overview of approaches that lead to an increase of the cutoff parasitic frequency, an increase of the differential gain of the active region, the possibility of the management of mode emission composition and the lifetime of photons in the optical microcavities, and reduction of the influence of thermal effects have been presented. The achieved level of modulation bandwidth of ∼30 GHz is close to the maximum achievable for the classical scheme of the direct-current modulation, which makes it necessary to use a multilevel modulation format to further increase the information capacity of optical channels constructed on the basis of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

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Effect of active-region size on the high-speed modulation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with lateral injection

10.1117/12.177212 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

Thaddeus G. Dziura ◽

Y. J. Yang ◽

Mr. R. Fernandez ◽

S. C. Wang

Keyword(s):

Active Region ◽

High Speed ◽

Cavity Surface ◽

Speed Modulation ◽

Surface Emitting Lasers ◽

Vertical Cavity Surface ◽

Emitting Lasers ◽

High Speed Modulation ◽

Vertical Cavity ◽

Region Size

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Hexagonal transverse-coupled-cavity VCSEL redefining the high-speed lasers

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 4743-4748

Author(s):

Elham Heidari ◽

Hamed Dalir ◽

Moustafa Ahmed ◽

Volker J. Sorger ◽

Ray T. Chen

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Single Mode ◽

Cavity Surface ◽

Surface Emitting Lasers ◽

Vertical Cavity Surface ◽

Emitting Lasers ◽

Injection Currents ◽

Vertical Cavity ◽

Coupled Cavity ◽

Modulation Speed

AbstractVertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a vital approach for realizing energy-efficient and high-speed optical interconnects in the data centers and supercomputers. Indeed, VCSELs are the most suitable mass production lasers in terms of cost-effectiveness and reliability. However, there are still key challenges that prevent achieving modulation speeds beyond 30s GHz. Here, we propose a novel VCSEL design of a hexagonal transverse-coupled-cavity adiabatically coupled through a central cavity. Following this scheme, we show a prototype demonstrating a 3-dB roll-off modulation bandwidth of 45 GHz, which is five times greater than a conventional VCSEL fabricated on the same epiwafer structure. This design harnesses the Vernier effect to increase the laser’s aperture and therefore is capable of maintaining single-mode operation of the laser for high injection currents, hence extending the dynamic roll-off point and offering increases power output. Simultaneously, extending both the laser modulation speed and output power for this heavily deployed class of lasers opens up new opportunities and fields of use ranging from data-comm to sensing, automotive, and photonic artificial intelligence systems.

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