Therapeutic Management of Snake Bite in a Rottweiler Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
A. A. Vagh ◽  
MJ Bharai ◽  
PG Dodiya
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Coagulation Defects

M Snakebite cases are more common in horses and dogs when compared to other animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Snake envenomation can be difficult to diagnose if the incident was not witnessed. Clinical signs may vary greatly depending on the species of snake involved, and the quantity and toxicity of the venom injected. Dogs are commonly presented with extensive edematous swelling, severe pain, ecchymosis, and discoloration of the skin in the affected area within several hours after the bite (Garg, 2002) The animals exhibit various symptoms like cardio-pulmonary dysfunction, local tissue damage, blood coagulation defects, ataxia etc, depending on type of snake bite (Bhardwaj, 2011). Systemic signs can vary and may include hypotension, shock, cardiac arrhythmias, bleeding disorders, ptyalism, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, mental confusion, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure (Ananda et al., 2009). The snake bite with envenomation is a true emergency, and it needs rapid examination and prompt appropriate treatment. The current paper reports on the successful use of antihistamine together with anti-snake venoms, fluids, corticosteroids, and antibiotics with no untoward effects in a snake-bitten dog.

scholarly journals An afebrile heartwater-like syndrome in goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Leask ◽  
Kenneth P. Pettey ◽  
Gareth F. Bath
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Control

Heartwater is a serious limiting factor for sheep and goat production in the major endemic area of sub-Saharan Africa and therefore most knowledge, research and control methods originate from this region. Whilst the usual or common clinical presentations can be used to make a presumptive diagnosis of heartwater with a good measure of confidence, this is not always the case, and animals suffering from heartwater may be misdiagnosed because their cases do not conform to the expected syndrome, signs and lesions. One aberrant form found occasionally in the Channel Island breeds of cattle and some goats is an afebrile heartwaterlike syndrome. The most constant and characteristic features of this heartwater-like syndrome comprise normal temperature, clinical signs associated with generalised oedema, and nervous signs, especially hypersensitivity. The presumption that the disease under investigation is the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome entails a tentative diagnosis based on history and clinical signs and the response to presumed appropriate treatment (metadiagnosis). The afebrile heartwater-like syndrome presents similarly to peracute heartwater but without the febrile reaction. Peracute cases of heartwater have a high mortality rate, enabling confirmation of the disease on post-mortem examination. Recognition of the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome is important to prevent deaths and identify the need for appropriate control measures.

scholarly journals Resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with conservative management

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
J B Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Topical Antibiotics ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the commonly encountered congenital anomaly in pediatric population occurring in as many as 30% of new borns. Conservative management of such condition with topical antibiotics and properly performed massage of the nasolacrimal sac is appropriate treatment during the first few months of age. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of resolution of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with conservative management in infants up to 10 months of age. A total of 181 infants of age up to 10 months old with the diagnosis of Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were advised nasolacrimal duct massage with or without the prescription of topical antibiotics. Resolution of nasolacrimal duct obstruction was assessed at 3 month and 6 month and was defined as the absence of all clinical signs of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. At the 6-month examination, 163 eyes (83%) of 181 children showed resolution with conservative management. The overall success rate of Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with conservative management was high and this form of management can be considered as one of the best options in infants.

Clinical usefulness of measuring prothrombin time as a routine admission test.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Eisenberg ◽  
S Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Admission Test ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract A questionnaire indicating the presence of a history or physical findings consistent with liver desease or bleeding disorders was completed by house officers on 301 admissions to a Veterans Administration medical service. Each patient had prothrombin time determined on admission. Only two of 107 patients for whom the prothrombin time was measured as a screening test had an abnormal results and one of these was normal when repeated. Of 73 patients with a history of alcoholism but no other pertient case history or physical examination results, only one had an abnormal prothrombin time. Of the remaining 121 patients, who had a pertinent history or physical examination, 41 had an abnormal admission prothrombin time. We conclude that measurement of prothrombin time adds little additional information to that obtained by history and physical examination in screening for liver disease and coagulation defects unless the patient has specific clinical evidence of liver disease, anticoagulation, or other conditions predisposing to bleeding disorders.

scholarly journals Primary Manifestation of Sarcoidosis Involving the Gingivae

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Saylor ◽  
Nabil Beaini ◽  
James Rokos ◽  
Keerthana Satheesh ◽  
Charles Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Histologic Analysis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

ABSTRACT Sarcoidois of the gingiva is rarely the primary manifestation of the disease. The following case presentation highlights clinical signs and symptoms that are not uncommon or unusual except for the anatomical location of the initial expression. Appropriate treatment must be based on a definitive diagnosis which, in turn, requires a biopsy for histologic analysis. How to cite this article Saylor C, Beaini N, Rokos J, Satheesh K, Cobb C. Primary Manifestation of Sarcoidosis Involving the Gingivae. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):102-105.

scholarly journals Snake bite, a neglected menace: a prospective observational study in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Shatabdi Giri ◽  
Swarup Kumar Bisoi ◽  
Dillip Kumar Dash ◽  
M. D. Mohanty ◽  
S. K. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Background: Snake bite is a neglected and underestimated public health problem in tropical and subtropical region. Snake envenomation is a well-known cause of morbidity and mortality in India. In 2009, WHO declared snake bite a neglected disease. Ophitoxaemia is an exotic term characterising the clinical spectrum of snake bite. Objective of this study was to know the outcome in paediatric snake bite cases in a tertiary care PICU (Paediatric Intensive Care Unit) with special reference to envenomation time and also to evaluate and analyse few atypical presentations of snake envenomation by proper history taking, physical examination and help start early intervention to prevent morbidity and mortality.Methods: A prospective observational study was done in Paediatric Intensive care unit of the hospital from June 2017 to June 2019.Results: Around 56.8% of 109 cases were non-poisonous snake-bites. Out of 47 cases admitted to PICU, 68.08% developed cellulitis at the site of bite with Staphylococcus aureus being the commonest organism isolated (56.25%). Anaerobes (bacteroides and clostridium) were also isolated in few cases. Edema at site of bite (hematotoxic) and ptosis(neurotoxic) were most common initial presentation. 36.17% of patients received ASV (Anti- Snake Venom) and first aid within 6 hours of snake bite. The morbidity and mortality were significantly less (p<0.05) as compared to those who didn't receive ASV. 12.76% of cases with normal CRT (Clot Retraction Time) presented with features of coagulopathy. DIC (58.33% of hematotoxic bites) and respiratory paralysis 68 (75% of neurotoxic bites) were the commonest complications. Renal replacement therapy was required in 6.38%, transfusion in 10.63% cases and case-fatality-rate was 12.7%. There were a few atypical presentations of snake bite mimicking Gullain-Barre syndrome, acute onset encephalitis with absent brainstem and pupillary reflexes, intracerebral hemorrhage and cortical blindness.Conclusions: Most snake bites are non-poisonous. Early first aid and ASV administration has better outcome. Fibrinogen levels are more reliable than CRT to diagnose coagulopathy. Acute presentations i.e, altered sensorium, paralysis, blindness and stroke like features should always be evaluated for snake envenomation in suspected cases to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Snake envenomation: is the 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) the optimum test for management?

QJM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Dsilva ◽  
A Basheer ◽  
K Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observer Variability ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
Bedside Test

Abstract Background The 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) is a simple bedside test recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) to assess hemotoxic envenomation and guide administration of polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV). However, reliability and validity of this test has not been well documented in literature. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with history of snake bite were prospectively evaluated at a teaching hospital in India over 2 years. Envenomation was established by clinical and laboratory criteria. WBCT20 was done at 0, 4 and 12 h using standardized protocol. Prothrombin time (PT) with international normalized ratio (INR) was estimated at similar intervals to detect venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LR) were determined for WBCT20 using envenomation criteria as gold standard. WBCT20 was compared with PT/INR at cutoff values of ≥1.4 and ≥1.2. Two observers performed test–retest correlation to determine inter-observer variability of WBCT20. Results   Seventeen of 60 patients had evidence of hemotoxic envenomation. Four patients had combined neurotoxicity and hemotoxicity. Sensitivity and specificity of WBCT20 were 94 and 76%; positive and negative LR were 3.9 and 0.08, respectively. No inter-observer variability was noted. Conclusions WBCT20 is a highly sensitive test with excellent reliability for detecting envenomation. However, the false positive rate in this study was 24%. Asymptomatic snake bite patients with a positive WBCT20 but no corresponding clinical signs of envenomation should be tested using PT/INR before receiving ASV to prevent unnecessary waste of anti-venom.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Snake Envenomation in Dogs in Queensland, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ludovica Valenza ◽  
Rachel Allavena ◽  
Mark Haworth ◽  
Jonathon Cochrane ◽  
Joerg Henning
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Activated Clotting Time ◽  
Snake Envenomations ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Case Data

Australia has some of the most venous snakes in the world, and envenomations of domestic dogs are common, but clinical signs as well as the diagnostic procedures and treatments of snake envenomations are poorly described. Therefore, we invited veterinary clinics in the state of Queensland, Australia, to provide detailed data on snake envenomation cases in dogs. A total of 230 cases were reported from 19 veterinary hospitals, with an average of 12.1 dogs per clinic, per year. Detailed case data were provided from 20 dogs—of these, 65.0% (13/20) were envenomated during the daytime, with collapse and paresis being the most common signs reported by owners. The median time between the onset of clinical signs and admission to the veterinary hospital was 60 min. Clinical signs were the sole diagnostic modality utilised by veterinarians in 30.0% (6/20) of cases. Activated clotting time was the most common diagnostic procedure conducted, while snake venom detection kits (SVDK) were only used in 15.0% (3/20) of cases. Of the dogs that received antivenom (85.0%, 17/20), the tiger/multibrown combination (3000 units tiger/4000 units brown) was predominately (13/17) provided. Three of the 17 dogs that received antivenom (17.6%) died or were euthanised. About 82.4% (14/17) of the dogs treated with antivenom, but only 33.3% (1/3) of the dogs not treated with antivenom, recovered (p = 0.140). Overall, veterinarians relied frequently on medical history, clinical signs, and diagnostic tests other than the SVDK and, thus, most likely, administered snake envenomation treatment based on their clinical experience.

Spectrum of Non-Traumatic Bleeding Complaints among women with Bleeding Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2955-2957
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Kiran Aamir ◽  
Aamir Ramzan ◽  
Aasma Naz ◽  
Khalil Ahmed Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Traumatic Bleeding ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

Objective: To study the spectrum of bleeding complaints among women with bleeding disorders. Methodology: This observational study was done at Dept. of Pathology – Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad from January 2019 to July 2019 upon a sample of 121 women, selected via non-probability, consecutive sampling). Women presenting to study setting with complaints of non-traumatic bleeding were included in the study. After taking written informed consent, the data was obtained from patient interviews and laboratory investigations was. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0. Results: The mean age of the women was 28.13 years (±5.21 SD). Among the 121 women studied, 73.55% hailed from urban areas, while 26.45% were from rural residential background. The most common presenting complaint was menorrhagia (30.58%), followed by bruising (17.36%) and epistaxis (15.7%). Among the underlying hemostatic pathologies, VWD was the most common (15.7%), followed by other platelet dysfunctions comprising the second most common finding (6.6%). Mean duration of presence of symptoms was 34 months (±17 SD). Conclusion: As per the findings of this study, menorrhagia, occasional bruising and epistaxis are reported to be the most common non-traumatic bleeding complaints among women with bleeding disorders. The presence of these symptoms may serve as potential indicators of the probable presence such as bleeding disorders and help in early referral, timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Keywords: menorrhagia, epistaxis, Hemostatic Dysfunction, Bleeding Disorder, Non traumatic bleeding complaints

Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol XXII (127) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Bruna Rodrigues Padin ◽  
Pedro Villela Pedroso Horta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Unilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Primary hyperaldosteronism is a disease in which tumors or hyperplasias in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland induce hypersecretion of aldosterone. Effects are thus consistent with the actions of aldosterone in the body: increased sodium retention, increase of blood volume and increased renal excretion of potassium. Clinical signs are systemic hypertension and hypokalemic myopathy with generalized muscle weakness and even paresis. The most common biochemical findings are hypokalemia, elevated urea and creatinine concentration, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremia, and hypophosphatemia. Image of adrenals establishes the unilateral or bilateral involvement and the appropriate treatment for each patient. Medical treatment is symptomatic and consists of potassium supplementation, use of spironolactone and calcium channel blockers. Unilateral adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice, because it is curative and offers good prognosis.

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