Second Time around Parenting: Factors Predictive of Grandparents Becoming Caregivers for Their Grandchildren

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Minkler ◽  
Esme Fuller-Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
African American ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Contextual Variables

More than one in ten American grandparents raise a grandchild for at least six months, with most of these providing care for three years or more. This longitudinal study, utilizing data from the National Survey of Families and Households, identifies the pre-existing personal characteristics and contextual variables which are predictive of individuals becoming primary caregivers for their grandchildren. Contrary to hypothesis, pre-caregiving attitudes concerning intergenerational solidarity bore little relationship to the likelihood of becoming a caregiver. In contrast, being female, younger, African American, and having not completed high school were significantly predictive of becoming a custodial grandparent. Implications of these findings for research, practice, and policy in gerontology, mental health, and related areas are discussed.

scholarly journals College Status and Trajectories of Perceived Leadership Ability Among Emerging Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-489
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Moore ◽  
Carissa J. Schmidt ◽  
Justin E. Heinze ◽  
Matthew A. Diemer ◽  
Marc A. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
African American ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Perceived Leadership

This study explores changes in perceived leadership ability during emerging adulthood among a predominantly African American sample, with special consideration of the differences between the experiences of individuals who attended 4-year universities and those who did not. We used data from a longitudinal study that followed participants from high school into adulthood. Findings demonstrated that perceived leadership ability declined between the ages of 18 and 22, with the largest declines occurring among emerging adults who did not attend 4-year colleges. These findings suggest that perceived leadership ability is malleable and responds to contextual factors, such as limited access to leadership roles during emerging adulthood. We conclude with implications for practice to support leadership development among emerging adults.

scholarly journals Phenomenology of the “hardiness” concept in the post-boarding socialization continuum of youth in modern Russian society

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 10025
Author(s):  
Elena Bayer ◽  
Stepan Avakov ◽  
Nikolai Kurianov ◽  
Tatyana Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
International Socialization

The article focuses on studying the phenomenon of “hardiness” of orphans and children left without parental care, reveals the level of hardiness qualities in adolescent orphans of senior high school. The components of hardiness are shown and the main directions in its study are highlighted. It has been proved that hardiness is directly interconnected with many positive personal characteristics and contributes to health preservation and increased efficiency. The author comes to the following conclusions: - resilience is one of the most powerful resources that contribute to improving the physical and mental health of orphans and children left without parental care for successful adaptation in stressful situations and solving difficult life situations; - in the course of conducting an empirical study, it was found that about 70% of orphans of the pre-graduation and final classes have a low or below average level of readiness for post-international socialization; - of particular importance are the issues of the need to create a set of measures (training programs, teacher mentoring programs, etc.) to improve the overall level of resilience, as well as its components for the most favorable post-international socialization of orphans.

The Responsibility Continuum: Never Primary, Coresident and Caregiver—Heterogeneity in the African-American Grandmother Experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalyn D. Lee ◽  
Margaret E. Ensminger ◽  
Thomas A. Laveist
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Primary Caregiver ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Poor Outcomes

This article examines diversity among 542 African-American grandmothers from the Woodlawn Longitudinal Study. Women were categorized on the basis of their household composition, degree of care provided to grandchildren, and status of primary caregiver to grandchildren during lifetime. Overall, 67.7% of the sample engaged in parenting and exchange behaviors at high or moderate levels. Twenty-seven percent of the sample coresided with and provided care to grandchildren, 28% did not coreside but had been primary caregivers in the past, and 45% did not coreside and had never been primarily responsible for a grandchild. Heterogeneity was found among seven grandmother types on economic measures, life events, and grandchild characteristics. Grandmothers with earlier primary responsibility and those currently in homes of three or more generations were associated with poor outcomes. Policy and practice can be informed by additional research on status, context, and timing of assumption of responsibilities for grandchildren.

A Longitudinal Study of Mental Health in Emerging Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica S. Bachmann ◽  
Hansjörg Znoj ◽  
Katja Haemmerli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Health Model

Emerging adulthood is a time of instability. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between mental health and need satisfaction among emerging adults over a period of five years and focused on gender-specific differences. Two possible causal models were examined: (1) the mental health model, which predicts that incongruence is due to the presence of impaired mental health at an earlier point in time; (2) the consistency model, which predicts that impaired mental health is due to a higher level of incongruence reported at an earlier point in time. Emerging adults (N = 1,017) aged 18–24 completed computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2003 (T1), 2005 (T2), and 2008 (T3). The results indicate that better mental health at T1 predicts a lower level of incongruence two years later (T2), when prior level of incongruence is controlled for. The same cross-lagged effect is shown for T3. However, the cross-lagged paths from incongruence to mental health are marginally associated when prior mental health is controlled for. No gender differences were found in the cross-lagged model. The results support the mental health model and show that incongruence does not have a long-lasting negative effect on mental health. The results highlight the importance of identifying emerging adults with poor mental health early to provide support regarding need satisfaction.

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