Problems and Prospects in Northeastern Prehistoric Ceramic Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay F. Custer
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Ceramic Design ◽  
Design Motifs

Three major research topics can be addressed using Northeastern ceramic data. First, different technological developments are seen in the earliest ceramics. Flat-bottomed wares develop in the Middle Atlantic and coiled, conoidal wares are earliest in New England. Second, the Abbott Farm and Delmarva Adena complexes of the central Middle Atlantic can be distinguished from surrounding Early and Middle Woodland complexes on the basis of ceramics; social complexity may be related to ceramic traits. Finally, Late Woodland ceramic design motifs and design “grammars” can be used to distinguish ethnic groups and study population movements throughout the Northeast.

Patterns of Resource Distribution and Archaeological Settlement Patterns in the Piedmont Uplands of the Middle Atlantic Region

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay F. Custer ◽  
Edith B. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Resource Distributions ◽  
Middle Archaic

Varied patterns of subsistence resource distributions are found in the Piedmont Uplands throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Settlement patterns correlate with these resource distribution patterns through time. Paleo-Indian through Middle Archaic patterns are small scattered procurement sites that are part of a supra-local logistical system. Late Archaic through Middle Woodland patterns include large base camps in low relief settings forming the focal points for foraging systems, or a tethered nomadism. Late Woodland patterns are dependent upon intensive collecting and agriculture rather than specific subsistence resource distribution patterns.

Woodland Social Change in the Central Midwest: A Review and Evaluation of Interpretive Trends

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Tainter
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Illinois

The analysis of Middle Woodland to Late Woodland social change in west-central Illinois has produced contrasting interpretations of decreasing and increasing complexity. This paper evaluates both views, showing that available evidence is most consistent with the interpretation of social collapse at the Middle to Late Woodland transition.

scholarly journals Exposure of Domestic Cats to Three Zoonotic Bartonella Species in the United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Osikowicz ◽  
Kalanthe Horiuchi ◽  
Irina Goodrich ◽  
Edward B. Breitschwerdt ◽  
Bruno Chomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Bartonella Species ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North Central ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Regions

Cat-associated Bartonella species, which include B. henselae, B. koehlerae, and B. clarridgeiae, can cause mild to severe illness in humans. In the present study, we evaluated 1362 serum samples obtained from domestic cats across the U.S. for seroreactivity against three species and two strain types of Bartonella associated with cats (B. henselae type 1, B. henselae type 2, B. koehlerae, and B. clarridgeiae) using an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Overall, the seroprevalence at the cutoff titer level of ≥1:64 was 23.1%. Seroreactivity was 11.1% and 3.7% at the titer level cutoff of ≥1:128 and at the cutoff of ≥1:256, respectively. The highest observation of seroreactivity occurred in the East South-Central, South Atlantic, West North-Central, and West South-Central regions. The lowest seroreactivity was detected in the East North-Central, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, New England, and Pacific regions. We observed reactivity against all four Bartonella spp. antigens in samples from eight out of the nine U.S. geographic regions.

Americans in Britain's Backyard: The Railway Era in Upper Canada, 1850–1880

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Baskerville
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Atlantic Seaboard ◽  
American Midwest ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
American Cities ◽  
East West ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

Canadian lines that were spreading out over what would become the Province of Ontario looked forward, in the years before the American Civil War, to becoming important east-west carriers between the rapidly growing American cities of the eastern seaboard and the still-new cities of the American Midwest. Canada's small population and undeveloped industry would force her railroads to rely heavily on traffic going from one American city to another. Lines like the Grand Trunk and the Great Western struggled desperately therefore, to avoid American financial control. With the help of British capital, they succeeded. But America's contribution to Canadian railroading ran much deeper than money. Dominating the skilled engineers and experienced construction contractors who came from south of the border was more difficult for Canadian directors to manage. In the end, however, it was the early failure of top Canadian management to bury their rivalries, ignore their English creditors, emulate Americans like Vanderbilt, Thomson, and Garrett, and consolidate into an integrated line between New England, the Middle Atlantic seaboard, and the Midwest that doomed their railroads to becoming, as one Canadian put it, “side streets to the trade thoroughfare.”

The Contributions of Oscar Halecki to American Historical Scholarship

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Thaddeus V. Gromada
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
The One

Most of the one and one-half million Poles who immigrated to the United States before World War II were people of rural, Catholic, Slavic stock in search of greater economic and social opportunities. They settled in urban centers primarily in the middle Atlantic, mid-Western, and New England states where they formed communities (Polonias) around the steel mills, coal and iron mines, slaughter houses and meat packing plants, oil refineries, shoe and textile factories, granaries and milling plants. Their labor was an important element in the industrialization of America. They were among the millions of unknown persons from eastern and southern Europe, as Michael Novak put it, “who have strengthened family and neighborhood life in America, and from 1930's to the present have made possible the longest strides in the nation's history in economic matters and civil rights.” Very few scholars and intellectuals, however, could be found among these Polish immigrants. When Polish scholars, intellectuals, or artists emigrated from partitioned Poland, usually after unsuccessful revolutions, they settled in France or some other European country.

scholarly journals 4159 Prostate cancer multiparametric MRI comparison study of 3T versus 7T in terms of lesion detection and image quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Ethan Leng ◽  
Benjamin Spilseth ◽  
Anil Chauhan ◽  
Joseph Gill ◽  
Ana Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Multiparametric Mri ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Study Population

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this study was to perform a comparative, multi-reader, retrospective clinical evaluation of prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) at 3 Tesla (3T) vs. 7 Tesla (7T) primarily in terms of prostate cancer localization. Subjective measures of image quality and artifacts were also evaluated. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Nineteen subjects were imaged at 3T and 7T between March 2016 and October 2018 under IRB-approved protocols. Four radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed the data, and completed a two-part assessment for each dataset. First, readers assessed likelihood of cancer using Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) guidelines. Accuracy of cancer detection was compared to findings from prostate biopsy. The numbers of correctly or incorrectly classified sextants were summed across all four readers, then used to summarize detection performance. Second, readers assigned a score on a five-point Likert scale to multiple image quality characteristics for the 3T and 7T datasets. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of 3T and 7T datasets for sextant-wise cancer detection were compared by paired two-tailed t-tests. Readers identified more sextants harboring cancer with the 3T datasets while false-positive rates were similar, resulting in significantly higher sensitivity at 3T with no significant differences in specificity. Likert scores for image quality characteristics for 3T and 7T datasets were compared by applying paired two-tailed t-tests to mean scores of the four radiologists for each dataset. Readers generally preferred the 3T datasets, in particular for staging and assessment of extraprostatic extension as well as overall quality of the contrast-enhanced data. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Readers agreed 7T prostate mpMRI produced images with more anatomic detail, though with equivocal clinical relevance and more pronounced artifacts. Reader unfamiliarity with 7T images is a major extenuating factor. Forthcoming technological developments are anticipated to improve upon the results.

A Quantitative Dwelling-Scale Approach to the Social Implications of Maize Horticulture in New England

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-291
Author(s):  
William A. Farley ◽  
Amy N. Fox ◽  
M. Gabriel Hrynick
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Woodland Period ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Environmental Similarity ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Settlement Changes ◽  
The Relationship

We compare domestic architectural features in New England and the Maritime Peninsula to investigate the relationship between the adoption of horticulture and its relationship to social and settlement change during the Woodland Period. Horticulture was not practiced on the Maritime Peninsula until after European contact, despite cultural and environmental similarity to New England. In New England, horticulture has been implicated in profound social and settlement changes. However, aggregated villages, a unit typically investigated for evidence of social change, have proven elusive in the archaeological record. We compiled and analyzed a dataset of dwelling features instead of relying on identifiable villages. This novel quantitative approach uses dwelling feature shape and size as a proxy for social and settlement change, considering these changes at the scale of the house. We find that, during the Woodland Period, dwelling size was overall slightly larger in New England than on the Maritime Peninsula, but ranges heavily overlapped. After the introduction of horticulture, however, dwellings in New England grew in size overall and assumed bimodally distinct larger and smaller forms, which likely necessitated a restructuring of social and economic behavior. This pattern correlates maize horticulture with changes in social and economic lifestyle in Late Woodland New England.

scholarly journals Modeling Regional Radiocarbon Trends: A Case Study from the East Texas Woodland Period

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Z Selden
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Woodland Period ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Early Woodland ◽  
Resultant Data

The East Texas Radiocarbon Database contributes to an analysis of tempo and place for Woodland era (∼500 BC–AD 800) archaeological sites within the region. The temporal and spatial distributions of calibrated14C ages (n= 127) with a standard deviation (ΔT) of 61 from archaeological sites with Woodland components (n= 51) are useful in exploring the development and geographical continuity of the peoples in cast Texas, and lead to a refinement of our current chronological understanding of the period. While analysis of summed probability distributions (SPDs) produces less than significant findings due to sample size, they are used here to illustrate the method of date combination prior to the production of site- and period-specific SPDs. Through the incorporation of this method, the number of14C dates is reduced to 85 with a ΔTof 54. The resultant data set is then subjected to statistical analyses that conclude with the separation of the east Texas Woodland period into the Early Woodland (∼500 BC–AD 0), Middle Woodland (∼AD 0–400), and Late Woodland (∼AD 400–800) periods.

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