Self-Report Depression Scales in the Elderly: The Relationship between the CES-D and ZUNG

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Deforge ◽  
Jeffery Sobal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Depression Scales ◽  
The Relationship

Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in the elderly, but there is little consensus about the best way to assess depression in the aged. The relationship between the CES-D and the ZUNG self-report depression scales was investigated in seventy-eight elderly people with osteoarthritis (mean age 71). The correlation between the scales was r = .69, with the CES-D classifying 15 percent of the participants as depressed, as compared to 6 percent by the ZUNG. Psychological symptoms had the strongest relationship with overall depression scores on both scales. No sex differences were found on psychological items on either scale, but females reported more somatic symptoms on the ZUNG. People over age seventy-four reported more psychological symptoms than their younger counterparts.

Historical Trauma, Ethnic Experience, and Mental Health in a Sample of Urban American Indians

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Nicholas Guenzel ◽  
Leeza Struwe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Mainstream Society

BACKGROUND: Historical trauma (HT) among American Indians (AIs) has been linked with poor mental health but has been inadequately studied among urban populations. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe historical trauma, historical loss associated thoughts, ethnic experience, and psychological symptoms among a population of urban AIs. METHOD: This was a mixed methods study. In addition to focus groups, survey participants were administered the Historical Losses Scale, the Historical Losses Associated Symptoms Scale, the Scale of Ethnic Experience, and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Adult Self-Report. Rates of psychological symptoms were compared with matched controls from a normative data set. RESULTS: Participants reported a strong sense of ethnic identity, a moderate desire to associate with other AIs, moderate comfort within mainstream society, and moderately high perceived discrimination. The most common HT themes were loss of culture, respect by children of traditional ways, and language. Compared with controls, participants had higher rates of aggressive behavior, substance use, thought problems, and obsessive symptoms, but some of these issues are likely explained by cultural factors. A greater number of participants met the clinical threshold for multiple problems compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of AIs reported frequent experiences of discrimination. HT is a significant factor in the lives of many urban AIs who also have significantly higher rates of a number of mental health problems. Providers must be aware of these issues to provide the most effective care to AIs.

Ethnicity, Aging and Mental Health

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between ethnicity and mental health deserves more consideration than it usually receives if we are to understand how values translate into behavior. This question could be explored productively with a variety of subgroups, but in this paper the emphasis will be on the aged. What is the relationship between ethnicity and the mental health problems of the elderly in American society? This paper offers some suggestions and reviews some data that might encourage further efforts in this area.

scholarly journals Associations among Elder Abuse, Depression and PTSD in South Korean Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Choi ◽  
Meaghan O’Donnell ◽  
Hwa-Bok Choi ◽  
Hae-Sun Jung ◽  
Sean Cowlishaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing attention is being placed on the prevalence of elder abuse and its impact on mental health. This study conducted a survey of 172 elderly people in South Korea to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and the relationships involving elder abuse, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, which included the Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (KGDS) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the frequency of specific forms of abuse. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the factors that contributed to risk of abuse exposure and the relationship between exposure and PTSD or depression. The results indicated around 22% of the participants reported abuse exposure, which most commonly included being refused physical contact, verbal threats, and/or being excluded from decision-making about personal issues. Low education and being unmarried, separated or divorced was associated with an increased risk of abuse exposure. There were strong associations between elder abuse and PTSD symptoms, while comparable relationships with depression were weaker and were not robust to the inclusion of control variables. The findings provided empirical support for the relationship between abuse experiences of the elderly and poor mental health and raise important issues for the mental health care of the elderly.

scholarly journals Number of children and the prevalence of later-life major depression and insomnia in women and men: findings from a cross-sectional study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyu Wang ◽  
Minne Chen ◽  
Tong Xin ◽  
Kun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Additional Child ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Pregnancy and parenthood have been associated with physical and mental health. Previous literature concerning the impacts of parity on mental health was inconsistent and lack epidemiolocal evidence. China, with growing mental health problems and changing fertility patterns, faces unique challenges. This study aims to examine the relationship between parity and the prevalence of major depression and insomnia among men and women in the Chinese population. Methods Baseline data from a Chinese population-based study of 512,891 adults (59.01% women) from 10 areas, aged 30-79 were analyzed. Number of children were based on self-report by the participants. Major depression (MD) was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory. Insomnia symptoms were accessed by questionnaire comparable to that used in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between MD/Insomnia and number of children, after stratifications and adjustments. Results For women, each additional child was associated with a 9% decreased odds of MD (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88-0.96), with the associations significant for those who lived in urban areas (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.70-0.83), or had a lower education (OR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.94), or had lower household income (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.85-0.94), or had ever used alcohol (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.84-0.93). The association between per additional children and MD was not significant in men (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.97-1.07) but a decreased odds of MD with per additional child was found in men who lived in urban areas (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.71-0.96). For women, each additional child was associated with a 4% decreased odds of insomnia (OR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.95-0.96). Each additional child was also associated with a 2% decreased odds of insomnia in men (OR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97-1.00). Conclusions MD and insomnia was associated with number of children, particularly in women and the association was mediated by socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Future mental health public health programs should address parity and sex differences when designing interventions.

Recognizing Psychological Distress in the Consultation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Howe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
Primary Care Staff

The new MRCGP curriculum devotes a whole section to the care of people with mental health problems—and rightly so, for up to 30% of us will have some kind of significant episode of psychological disturbance in our lifetimes. Far more of us suffer transient but problematic psychological distress, especially when we or others for whom we care are unwell. So the GP registrar doing a routine clinic in UK general practice will find that as many as one in four of their patients are experiencing psychological symptoms, with higher rates in the elderly. Previous articles have covered the specific tasks of performing mental health assessments and diagnosing depression: this article aims to review the broader context of psychological distress in the consultation. It pays additional attention to factors associated with psychological distress to which GPs and other primary care staff should be alert and to ways of addressing these in a sophisticated and humane manner. Finally, I address the queston of self-management—that is minimizing the ‘human sponge’ effect often incurred by empathic GPs at the start of training.

scholarly journals Feelings of loneliness and mental health needs and services utilization among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bao ◽  
Wen-Tian Li ◽  
Bao-Liang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems

Abstract Background Due to the implementation of social distancing and quarantine measures, loneliness has been a major public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined loneliness in Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as its associations with mental health needs and services utilization. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A total of 7741 adults were invited and completed an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to screen for common mental health problems, loneliness was measured with a single-item self-report question (“How often do you feel lonely in recent days?”), and two standardized questions were used to assess perceived needs for and use of mental health services. Results In total, 24.2 % of the participants felt lonely in recent days. Age of 16–29 years (OR = 1.36, P = 0.020), marital status of never-married (OR = 1.47, P < 0.001), marital status of “others” (re-married, co-habiting, separated, divorced, and widowed) (OR = 1.72, P < 0.001), having infected family members or close relatives (OR = 1.64, P = 0.026), and having infected colleagues, friends, or classmates (OR = 1.62, P < 0.001) were significant correlates of loneliness. Rates of mental health needs (17.4 % vs. 4.9 %, P < 0.001) and services utilization (2.7 % vs. 1.0 %, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in lonely than not lonely participants. After adjusting for socio-demographic and epidemic characteristics and common mental health problems, loneliness was still significantly associated with mental health needs (OR = 2.50, P < 0.001) and services utilization (OR = 1.62, P = 0.020). Conclusions Feelings of loneliness are prevalent among Chinese residents affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and the presence of loneliness is associated with high levels of mental health needs and greater services utilization. Effective measures aiming at preventing or reducing loneliness are potentially beneficial for the mental wellbeing of COVID-19-affected population and reducing the use of the limited mental health service resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Intergenerational financial supports and the mental health of the elderly in China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

BACKGROUND With the increasing of the elderly population, the mental health problems of the elderly have attracted the attention of scholars. Although the risk factors from the adulthood of mental health have been widely explored in existing studies, how factors from both adulthood and childhood, especially financial supports received impact mental health are still unknown. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to investigate the impacts of intergenerational financial supports from both adulthood and childhood on mental health of the elderly in China. METHODS This paper collects information of 1,587 respondents who are 65 and older from two-wave data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to conduct the empirical analysis. RESULTS Our results indicate that financial supports as a whole significantly influence elderly people’s mental health. Specifically, individuals have different loneliness and depression levels due to different family financial conditions in childhood and financial supports from children in adulthood. Moreover, financial supports in adulthood negatively moderate the relationship between the family financial condition and the mental health of elderly people. CONCLUSIONS The findings point to the importance of continued inter-generational financial support in maintaining the elderly’s psychological health. Raising the retirement income or appeal to children to provide supports to the elderly can promote the mental health of the elderly, especially for these elderly people with poor family financial conditions in their childhood.

Mental health correlates of demonstrated smartphone expertise in community dwelling older adults (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mohlman ◽  
William Tsang ◽  
Sofia Alba Magee ◽  
Lauren Dalokay ◽  
Corey Hannah Basch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND There is a pressing need to integrate mobile technology into the treatment of common mental health problems of later life such as anxiety and depression. However, adults over the age of 65 vary greatly in their mastery of smartphones. OBJECTIVE This study characterizes an older community-dwelling sample in terms of their varying levels of demonstrated smartphone expertise relative to anxiety, depression, and self-perceived proficiency in using technological (tech) devices. METHODS A 20-step behavioral smartphone challenge task, the Smartphone Task for Older Adults, was used to evaluate older adults’ knowledge of a range of smartphone functions. RESULTS Findings diverge in potentially meaningful ways from previous studies using self-report measures of tech expertise. Scores on the task were relatively low and partly replicated the digital divide, but also indicate negative relations of demonstrated smartphone expertise with specific variants of anxiety and in-vivo frustration, rather than anxiety or depression more generally. CONCLUSIONS Tech-related anxiety and frustration while attempting new smartphone functions may characterize the current cohort of older adults who have not effectively mastered use of smartphones. Implications for smartphone training tailored to this older subgroup are discussed.

Adolescent antecedents of maternal and paternal perinatal depression: a 36-year prospective cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly C Thomson ◽  
Helena Romaniuk ◽  
Christopher J Greenwood ◽  
Primrose Letcher ◽  
Elizabeth Spry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Rates of common mental health problems (depression/anxiety) rise sharply in adolescence and peak in young adulthood, often coinciding with the transition to parenthood. Little is known regarding the persistence of common mental health problems from adolescence to the perinatal period in both mothers and fathers. Methods A total of 393 mothers (686 pregnancies) and 257 fathers (357 pregnancies) from the intergenerational Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study completed self-report assessments of depression and anxiety in adolescence (ages 13–14, 15–16, 17–18 years) and young adulthood (ages 19–20, 23–24, 27–28 years). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms at 32 weeks pregnancy and 12 months postpartum in mothers, and at 12 months postpartum in fathers. Results Most pregnancies (81%) in which mothers reported perinatal depression were preceded by a history of mental health problems in adolescence or young adulthood. Similarly, most pregnancies (83%) in which fathers reported postnatal depression were preceded by a preconception history of mental health problems. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds of self-reporting perinatal depression in both women and men were consistently higher in those with a history of persistent mental health problems across adolescence and young adulthood than those without (ORwomen 5.7, 95% CI 2.9–10.9; ORmen 5.5, 95% CI 1.03–29.70). Conclusions Perinatal depression, for the majority of parents, is a continuation of mental health problems with onsets well before pregnancy. Strategies to promote good perinatal mental health should start before parenthood and include both men and women.

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