Building a Theory of Grandparent Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Strom ◽  
Shirley Strom
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
African American ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Generational Study ◽  
Post Hoc

A theory of grandparent development is described that includes the formulation of assumptions, goals for guiding instruction, curriculum design, and a measurement tool to assess learning needs and evaluate the effects of educational intervention. Cultural considerations are illustrated by a three generational study of African-American ( n = 777), Caucasian ( n = 1086), and Hispanic ( n = 672) subjects who were administered the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory. Perceptions of each generation about the attitudes and behaviors of grandparents were examined with multivariate analysis of variance and post-hoc comparisons to analyze the scores, confirm results, and facilitate interpretation of findings. Results showed significant differences between generations and within cultures. Each generation identified elements of grandparent success as well as issues that deserve consideration in building educational programs.

Grandparents in Japan: A Three-Generational Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert Strom ◽  
Shirley Strom ◽  
Pat Collinsworth ◽  
Saburo Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Generational Study ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Extensive Involvement

Grandparents in Japan believe that their status in the family is eroding. They want to be influential but social policy has not included education for their changing role. The purpose of this study was to identify strengths and needs of Japanese grandparents as perceived by three generations. Each generation completed a separate version of the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory. Multivariate analysis of variance procedures were used to compare perceptions of 239 grandparents, 266 parents, and 274 school-age grandchildren from cities and small towns. Grandparents reported more satisfaction, greater success, and more extensive involvement in teaching than was observed by parents and grandchildren. Grandparents experienced greater difficulty, more frustration, and felt less informed to carry out their role than was reported by parents and grandchildren. Significant main effects that influenced responses about grandparent performance were generation, gender of grandchild, age of grandchild, generations living together, frequency of grandchild care by grandparent, and amount of time they spent together. Considerations were identified to improve grandparent behavior and guide the development of educational programs for them.

Determination of Ethnic Variation in Infant Nasolabial Anthropometry Using 3D Photographs: Implications for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110244
Author(s):  
Diana S. Jodeh ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ross ◽  
Maria Leszczynska ◽  
Fatima Qamar ◽  
Rachel L. Dawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: We aimed to assess significant ethnic variabilities in infants’ nasolabial anthropometry to motivate variations in surgical correction of a synchronous bilateral cleft lip/nasal anomaly, specifically whether a long columella is a European feature, therefore accepting a short columella and/or delayed columellar lengthening suitable for reconstruction in ethnic patients. Methods: Thirty-three infants without craniofacial pathology (10 African American [AA], 7 Hispanic [H], and 16 of European descent [C]), ages 3 to 8 months, presenting to the Johns Hopkins All Children’s general pediatric clinic were recruited. Four separate 3D photographs (2 submental and frontal views each) were taken using the Vectra H1 handheld camera (Canfield Imaging). Eighteen linear facial distances were measured using Mirror 3D analysis (Canfield Imaging Systems). Difference between ethnicities was measured using analysis of variance with the Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc comparisons. Pearson correlation was employed for interrater reliability. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp), with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: Nasal projection (sn-prn) and columella length (sn-c) did not differ significantly between groups ( P = .9). Significant differences were seen between ethnic groups in nasal width (sbal-sbal [C-AA; P = .02]; ac-ac [C-AA; P = .00; H-AA; P = .04]; al-al [C-AA; P = .00; H-AA; P = .001]) and labial length (sn-ls [C-AA; P = .041]; sn-sto [C-AA; P = .005]; Cphs-Cphi L [C-AA; P = .013]; Cphs-Cphi R [C-AA; P = .015]). Interrater reliability was good to excellent and significantly correlated for all measures. Conclusions: African American infants exhibited wider noses and longer lips. No difference was noted in nasal projection or columella length, indicating that these structures should be corrected during the primary cleft lip and nasal repair for all patients and should not be deferred to secondary correction.

scholarly journals The English Communication and Learning Needs of Master of Business Administration Students and Curriculum Development at a Chinese University

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401983595
Author(s):  
Qing Xie ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Business English ◽  
English Curriculum ◽  
English Students

This study investigates the communication and learning needs of Master of Business Administration (MBA) business English students and their perceptions of effective curriculum design. The research instruments are two-stage surveys of 99 MBA students from a public university in China. The results of the study show that English is not extensively used in the workplaces of MBA business English students, and that the majority of them use Chinese. Most English usage occurs in foreign businesses. The most difficult skills for MBA business English learners are found to be oral communication and listening comprehension. However, there are still very strong needs for further improvement in English communication. For the MBA business English courses, oral communication activities, especially with expatriate teachers, are particularly needed. The MBA business English courses should connect with real-world practice and be relevant to job and business needs. This study has significant implications for MBA business English curriculum reform in both Chinese and international contexts.

scholarly journals WISDOM OF THE ELDERS, VOICES FROM OUR AMERICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S569-S569
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Fundamental Goal

Abstract The fundamental goal of WOE was to determine whether and how autobiography production can enhance and provide valuable data about African American seniors’ mental health, past and present. The second goal of WOE was to determine whether and how project partners could use the findings from WOE, particularly those about resilience and strategies for coping with challenging situations, as the basis for new interventions, studies, publications, curricula, and educational programs for learners across contexts, generations, levels, and disciplines. Outcomes are illustrated by rich examples of the genesis, history, products and pedagogy of the project.

MANOVA: A Procedure Whose Time Has Passed?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Published Research

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a statistical procedure commonly used in fields such as education and psychology. However, MANOVA’s popularity may actually be for the wrong reasons. The large majority of published research using MANOVA focus on univariate research questions rather than on the multivariate questions that MANOVA is said to specifically address. Given the more complicated and limited nature of interpreting MANOVA effects (which researchers may not actually be interested in given the actual post hoc strategies employed) and that various flexible and well-known statistical alternatives are available, I suggest that researchers consult these better known, robust, and flexible procedures instead, given the proper match with the research question of interest. Just because a researcher has multiple dependent variables of interest does not mean that a MANOVA should be used at all.

scholarly journals Achieving Broad Participation in Congregational Health Surveys at African American and Latino Churches

Field Methods ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hawes-Dawson ◽  
Kathryn P. Derose ◽  
Frances M. Aunon ◽  
Blanca X. Dominguez ◽  
Alexandria Felton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Program Evaluations ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Congregational Leaders ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
Survey Participation ◽  
Congregational Health

Congregation-based health program evaluations often rely on surveys, but little documentation is available regarding specific methods and challenges. Here we describe methods used to achieve acceptable response rates (73–79%) in a survey of HIV-related attitudes and behaviors in two African American and three Latino churches in high HIV-prevalence communities in Los Angeles County. Survey participation was enhanced by conducting survey sessions at church-based meetings (e.g., women’s Bible study) and after worship services; employing diverse survey staff; providing participation incentives for pastors, church coordinators, and survey participants; and working collaboratively and respectfully with congregational leaders. Achieving broad participation in church-based surveys on sensitive health topics is feasible when done collaboratively with congregational leaders and with a flexible protocol, which permits tailoring survey approaches to cultural and organizational contexts and leverages available resources appropriately.

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