scholarly journals Contributing Factors to Forest Loss in Conterminous U.S. for the 1990s and 2000s

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Giorgos Mountrakis ◽  
◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
The South ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Forested Areas

While numerous studies have considered forest loss factors at local scales, there is a gap of comparative quantitative regional modeling at the U.S. national level. Here, we investigated statistical relationships between gross forest cover loss (GFCL) and numerous socioeconomic, biophysical and ownership variables between two decades, the 1990s and the 2000s. A spatial error model was employed to compensate for spatial autocorrelation effects. Models from the 2000s had stronger explanatory power than the 1990s models, especially in the Northeast and the South (R<sup>2</sup> of 0.89 and 0.87 respectively). The amount of forested areas in low slopes was a highly influential factor for high GFCL, followed by urban area cover and mill density. On the other hand, agricultural cover was negatively correlated with GFCL acting as a stabilizing factor in the South and Midwest regions. Our study offers an important insight in regional drivers of GFCL, drivers that should be further examined in the local context to gather better understanding of their contributions.

scholarly journals Resource extraction and infrastructure threaten forest cover and community rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. 13164-13173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Bebbington ◽  
Denise Humphreys Bebbington ◽  
Laura Aileen Sauls ◽  
John Rogan ◽  
Sumali Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Potential Resource

Mineral and hydrocarbon extraction and infrastructure are increasingly significant drivers of forest loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and threats to the rights of forest communities in forested areas of Amazonia, Indonesia, and Mesoamerica. Projected investments in these sectors suggest that future threats to forests and rights are substantial, particularly because resource extraction and infrastructure reinforce each other and enable population movements and agricultural expansion further into the forest. In each region, governments have made framework policy commitments to national and cross-border infrastructure integration, increased energy production, and growth strategies based on further exploitation of natural resources. This reflects political settlements among national elites that endorse resource extraction as a pathway toward development. Regulations that protect forests, indigenous and rural peoples’ lands, and conservation areas are being rolled back or are under threat. Small-scale gold mining has intensified in specific locations and also has become a driver of deforestation and degradation. Forest dwellers’ perceptions of insecurity have increased, as have documented homicides of environmental activists. To explain the relationships among extraction, infrastructure, and forests, this paper combines a geospatial analysis of forest loss overlapped with areas of potential resource extraction, interviews with key informants, and feedback from stakeholder workshops. The increasing significance of resource extraction and associated infrastructure as drivers of forest loss and rights violations merits greater attention in the empirical analyses and conceptual frameworks of Sustainability Science.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation policy on China’s forest recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e1500965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Viña ◽  
William J. McConnell ◽  
Hongbo Yang ◽  
Zhenci Xu ◽  
Jianguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Change Mitigation

Forest loss is one of the most pervasive land surface transformations on Earth, with drastic effects on global climate, ecosystems, and human well-being. As part of biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, many countries, including China, have been implementing large-scale policies to conserve and restore forests. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these policies, and information on China’s forest dynamics at the national level has mainly relied on official statistics. In response to international calls for improved reliability and transparency of information on biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, it is crucial to independently verify government statistics. Furthermore, if forest recovery is verified, it is essential to assess the degree to which this recovery is attributable to policy, within the context of other relevant factors. We assess the dynamics of forest cover in China between 2000 and 2010 and evaluate the effectiveness of one of the largest forest conservation programs in the world—the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP). Results indicate that forest cover has significantly increased in around 1.6% of China’s territory and that the areas exhibiting forest gain experienced a combined increase in net primary productivity (ca. 0.9 Tg of carbon). Among the variables evaluated at county level, the NFCP exhibited a significantly positive relation with forest gain, whereas reduction in rural labor showed a negative relationship with both forest loss and gain. Findings such as these have global implications for forest conservation and climate change mitigation efforts.

Subsistence lifestyles and insular forest loss in the Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea: an endemic hotspot

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Goulding ◽  
Alvaro Salazar Perez ◽  
Patrick Moss ◽  
Clive McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The South ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
South West ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model

Insular areas of the south-west Pacific support high levels of global biodiversity and are undergoing rapid change. The Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea is a poorly known location with high levels of endemism. The largest island, Sudest Island, supports single-island endemic species and has the largest tract of forest remaining in this island group. The islands still support traditional subsistence lifestyles. This study investigated the patterns of forest loss since 1974 and predicted future forest loss to identify areas of conservation concern. We collected village population census data to assess population growth from 1979–2011. Historical vegetation mapping from 1974 was compared with Global Forest Change data from 2000–14. The geospatial drivers of forest loss were investigated using a generalised linear mixed model. Projected forest cover loss patterns in the islands were modelled in GEOMOD to the year 2030. Resident populations grew rapidly (6.0% per year, 1979–2011) but only a low rate of forest loss (e.g. −0.035% per year, Sudest Island) was observed between 1974 and 2014, restricted to low elevations near villages. Future modelling showed varied impacts on the remaining forest extents of the larger islands. The study offers a rare contemporary example of a biodiverse hotspot that has remained relatively secure. We concluded that local cultural and environmental settings of islands in the south-west Pacific can strongly determine the patterns and processes of forest cover change, and need to be considered in programs to conserve endemic diversity.

Contrôle des impacts du camping en milieu forestier

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Marius Pineau ◽  
Louis Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Monitoring Treatment ◽  
Cover Density ◽  
Recreation Impact

Much of the deterioration observed on many campgrounds in forested areas is closely linked to the presence of the camper. Thus, ground flora cover and composition, forest cover density and vigour, soil density and permeability are affected. Appropriate actions could be taken to reduce undesirable alterations: proper site selection, concentration of the utilization, deterioration monitoring, treatment of the vegetation and modification of the camper's behaviour. Key words: camping; recreation, impact.

scholarly journals Towards a Korean Sustainable Business Model at National Level: The Influence of Cultural and Political Perceptions of National Image on Consumers’ Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6698
Author(s):  
Seongwon Yoon ◽  
Sungsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
African Students ◽  
National Image ◽  
Political Perceptions

Despite the increasing uptake of the term sustainable business model (SBM), the concept has mainly focused on business strategies. However, integrating the SBM into a longer-term and macroscopic framework would make it more sustainable. This article explored the SBM as a national strategy that operates beyond a corporate level. In this respect, the study examined the ways in which cultural and political perceptions of a nation can influence consumers’ choices. This article particularly examined the explanatory power of two ideational driving forces: perceptions of cultural heritage, and perceptions of politics and foreign relations. By assessing a dataset of the views of 223 African students studying in Korea, this study confirmed that national image meaningfully affects consumer behavior (intention to recommend). Furthermore, the study provided new evidence that cultural and political perceptions of a nation have a significantly positive effect on national image. It was also found that national image played a role as a mediating variable relating to cultural/political perceptions and intention to recommend. By extending the concept of the SBM to a national level, this article lays the foundation for a win–win situation between decision makers in both business and political sectors.

Suitability of Global Forest Change data to report forest cover estimates at national level in Gabon

2016 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Sannier ◽  
Ronald E. McRoberts ◽  
Louis-Vincent Fichet
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Forest Change

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of China’s National Forest Protection Program and National-level Nature Reserves, 2000 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Ren ◽  
Stephen S. Young ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yongcheng Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Deforestation Rates

There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which China’s institutions are capable of protecting its natural forests and biodiversity in the face of economic and political change. China’s two most important forest protection policies are its National Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and its National-level Nature Reserves (NNRs). The NFPP was implemented in 17 provinces starting in the year 2000 in response to deforestation-caused flooding. We used MODIS data (MOD13Q1) to estimate forest cover and forest loss across mainland China, and we report that 1.765 million km2or 18.7% of mainland China was covered in forest (12.3%, canopy cover > 70%) and woodland (6.4%, 40% ≤ canopy cover < 70%) in 2000. By 2010, a total of 480,203 km2of forest+woodland was lost, amounting to an annual deforestation rate of 2.7%. The forest-only loss was 127,473 km2, or 1.05% annually. The three most rapidly deforested provinces were outside NFPP jurisdiction, in the southeast. Within the NFPP provinces, the annual forest+woodland loss rate was 2.26%, and the forest-only rate was 0.62%. Because these loss rates are likely overestimates, China appears to have achieved, and even exceeded, its NFPP target of reducing deforestation to 1.1% annually in the target provinces. We also assemble the first-ever polygon dataset for China’s forested NNRs (n=237), which covered 74,030 km2in 2000. Conventional unmatched and covariate-matching analyses both find that about two-thirds of China’s NNRs exhibit effectiveness in protecting forest cover and that within-NNR deforestation rates are higher in provinces that have higher overall deforestation.

scholarly journals Mexican agricultural frontier communities differ in forest dynamics with consequences for conservation and restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon Lohbeck ◽  
Ben DeVries ◽  
Frans Bongers ◽  
Miguel Martinez-Ramos ◽  
Armando Navarrete-Segueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Agricultural Frontier ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Land Availability

Forest regrowth is key to achieve restoration commitments, but we need to better understand under what circumstances it takes place and how long secondary forests persist. We studied a recently colonized agricultural frontier in southern Mexico. We quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest loss and regrowth and tested how temporal variation in climate, and spatial variation in land availability, land quality and accessibility affect forest disturbance, regrowth and secondary forest persistence. Marqués de Comillas consistently exhibits more forest loss than regrowth, resulting in a net decrease of 30% forest cover (1991-2016). Secondary forest cover remained relatively constant while secondary forest persistence increased, suggesting that farmers are moving away from shifting cultivation. Temporal variation in disturbance and regrowth were explained by the annual variation in the Oceanic El Niño index combined with dry season rainfall and key policy and market interventions.Across communities the availability of high-quality soil overrules the effects of land availability and accessibility, but that at the pixel-level all three factors contributed to explaining forest conservation and restoration. Communities with more high-quality soils were able to spare land for forest conservation, and had less secondary forest that persisted for longer. Old forest and secondary forests were better represented on low-quality lands and on communal land. Both old and secondary forest were less common close to the main road, where secondary forests were also less persistent. Forest conservation and restoration can be explained by a complex interplay of biophysical and social drivers across time, space and scale. We warrant that stimulating private land ownership may cause remaining forest patches to be lost and that conservation initiatives should benefit the whole community. Forest regrowth and secondary forest persistence competes with agricultural production and ensuring farmers can access restoration benefits is key to success.

scholarly journals Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in the United Arab Emirates: Challenges and Strategic Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678
Author(s):  
Humaid O. Al-Shamsi ◽  
Hassan Jaffar ◽  
Bassam Mahboub ◽  
Faraz Khan ◽  
Usama Albastaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
National Level ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Delayed Referral

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), lung cancer (LC) was the third leading cause of deaths due to cancer in 2017. Around 80% of the patients in the UAE are diagnosed at a late stage, rendering the treatment less effective in improving survival outcomes. Lack of awareness of disease symptomatology, deficient screening initiatives, misdiagnosis, and delayed referral to the specialist are contributing factors for delayed diagnosis. Effective screening at a primary care setting can be crucial for early diagnosis, referral to specialists, and enhancing patient outcomes. It is important to establish screening and referral guidelines through which each suspected case can be identified and provided timely intervention. Although the international screening and referral pathway framework are comprehensive, several regional barriers need to be addressed before they can be adapted at the national level. A group of LC experts from the UAE deliberated on issues like delayed diagnosis of LC and strategic recommendations for overcoming the challenges. The discussion was based on the review of the published evidence, international and regional guidelines for screening and early diagnosis of LC. Herein, we present a guideline, endorsed by the esteemed panel of experts, for aiding early diagnosis and optimizing the management of LC in the UAE.

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