scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Moniliophthora roreri isolates from selected morphology groups in harvested cacao pods and in vitro sensitivity to compost tea.

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1569-1574
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Jimenez Feijoo ◽  
Juan Manuel Cevallos-Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri ◽  
Frosty Pod Rot

Moniliopthora roreri is the frosty pod rot disease (FPD) and one of the most devastating cacao pathogens worldwide. However, M. roreri pathogenicity on harvested cacao pods and sensitivity to compost tea have not been fully described. Monosporic cultures of M. roreri from different morphology groups were obtained. The isolates’ pathogenicity was tested by inoculation onto harvested cacao pods, and symptoms were evaluated at 3-day intervals during 16 days before estimating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The sensitivity of M. roreri to compost tea was evaluated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 1 to 5 % compost tea. All morphology groups could infect harvested cacao pods during the 16 days with a disease severity index abode 75 %. Compost tea completely inhibited the growth of M. roreri when used at 4.5 % or higher. Results suggest a shortened biotrophic phase during the infection in harvested pods and a medium to high sensitivity of M. roreri to compost tea.

Genetic characterization of Moniliophthora perniciosa from Ecuador and in vitro sensitivity to compost tea

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-959
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Maridueña-Zavala ◽  
Andrea Freire-Peñaherrera ◽  
Rodrigo Fernando Espinoza-Lozano ◽  
Mirian Villavicencio-Vasquez ◽  
Maria Jimenez-Feijoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Moniliophthora Perniciosa ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity

scholarly journals In vitro, In vivo and In situ, Effect of Mancozeb 80 WP on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., Causative Agent of Anthracnose of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Chad and Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ngoh Dooh Jules Patrice ◽  
Deurnaye Placide ◽  
Abdoul Madjerembe ◽  
Mbou T. Pavel Rony ◽  
Djongnang Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Cashew Tree

Aims: The aim of this work was to evaluate effect of Mancozeb 80 WP against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the agent responsible of anthracnose of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale  L.). Study Design: The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in Laboratory of  Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maroua during six months. Field trial was carried out in Kelo, Chad during three months. Methodology: Isolates were obtained from diseased organs (leaves and fruits) from Kélo in Chad and Maroua in Cameroon. The concentrations used in the laboratory were C1 (5 mg/ml), C2 (0.5 mg/ml), C3 (0.05 mg/ml), C4 (0.005 mg/ml), C5 (0.0 mg/ml). Radial growth, sporulation, conidial germination and pathogenicity were used to characterize and evaluate the effect of Mancozeb on the isolates in vitro. The preventive test was performed on three-month-old plants previously treated with Mancozeb. The concentration of 5 g/l was applied to the field and the incidence and severity were used to calculate the AUIPC (Area Under Disease Incidence Progress Curve) and AUSiPC (Area Under Disease Severity Index Progress Curve) curves. Results: Mancozeb reduced radial growth of all isolates at concentrations C1 (5 mg/ml), C2 (0.5 mg/ml) and C3 (0.05 mg/ml). The percentages of inhibition ranged from 50 to 100%. Mancozeb 80 WP completely (100%) inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides conidia in vitro. Mancozeb has protected cashew plants in vivo at the concentration C1 (5 mg/ml). AUIPC and AUSiPC were higher on control plants and lower on Mancozeb-treated plants. Conclusion: Mancozeb 80 WP may be associated in integrated pest management strategy against anthracnose.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicides on Colony Growth of Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib.

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Juliana Sartori ◽  
Antonio Maringoni
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Effect of Fungicides on Colony Growth ofColletotrichum Lindemuthianum(Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum(Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib. is the causal agent of the anthracnose of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), a fungal disease of a great significance in brazilian bean cultures. The goals of this work were to evaluate thein vitrocolony growth and to determine the ED50interval of twentyC. lindemuthianumisolates from different regions of Brazil to five fungicides of different active ingredients and to some blendings (carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + propiconazole), at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml, in a potato-dextrose-agar culture medium. The results revealed seven isolates with low sensitivity to carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl (ED50interval greater than 1000 μg/ml) thus suggesting cross-resistance. Isolate sensitivity to chlorothalonil ranged from ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml to greater than 1000 μg/ml. Those isolates with high sensitivity to thiophanate-methyl, ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml, did also show it with respect to chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl. Sixteen isolates showed a high sensitivity to trifloxystrobin with a ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml. Nineteen isolates ofC. lindemuthianumshowed high sensitivity to propiconazole and to trifloxystrobin + propiconazole with ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml. Isolates with low sensitivity to carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl were sensitive to propiconazole and to trifloxystrobin + propiconazole. Variability was found in the sensitivity of the colony growth ofC. lindemuthianumisolates from different regions of Brazil to the fungicides evaluated.

scholarly journals In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides to carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole and prochloraz

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ivic ◽  
Zdravka Sever ◽  
Biljana Kuzmanovska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity

Growth of 13 F. graminearum isolates, 6 F. avenaceum isolates and 6 F. verticillioides isolates was analysed on potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3.3 and 10 mg l-1 of carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, and prochloraz. Average concentration which reduced mycelial growth by 50% comparing it to control (EC50) was calculated for each isolate. Among fungicides tested, prochloraz was shown to be the most effective in growth inhibition of all three species, while flutirafol was proven to be the least effective. Metocnazole was more efficient in comparison with carbendazim and tebuconazole. EC50 values of all isolates on prochloraz were lower than 0.1 mg l-1, while on flutirafol they ranged between 1.66 and 8.51 mg l-1 for 18 isolates, or were higher than 10 mg l-1 for 7 isolates. EC50 values on carbendazim were 0.39-1.41 mg l-1 for F. graminearum isolates, 0.91-1.35 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum, and 0.47-0.6 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides. EC50 values on tebuconazole were 0.85- 2.57 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, 0.85-1.58 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum and 0.22-0.85 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides, while on metconazole EC50 values ranged between less than 0.1 mg l-1 to 1.66, 0.56, and 0.17 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides, respectively. Average growth inhibitions of different Fusarium species and all Fusarium isolates together on different concentrations of fungicides tested were significantly different. Significant differences in growth were not determined among isolates of the same species on neither one of fungicides tested, indicating that no decreased sensitivity to the fungicides exists among isolates included in the study.

scholarly journals Genome and secretome analysis of the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, Moniliophthora roreri, which causes frosty pod rot disease of cacao: mechanisms of the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndel W Meinhardt ◽  
Gustavo Gilson Costa ◽  
Daniela PT Thomazella ◽  
Paulo José PL Teixeira ◽  
Marcelo Carazzolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Secretome Analysis ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri ◽  
Frosty Pod Rot

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates to Propiconazole and Impact on Control of Dollar Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Miller ◽  
Katherine L. Stevenson ◽  
Leon L. Burpee
Keyword(s):  
Field Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Positive Correlations

In response to reports of reduced efficacy of propiconazole for control of dollar spot, isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa were collected from several locations in Georgia and tested for sensitivity to propiconazole and other demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides. Two discriminatory concentrations of propiconazole (0.02 and 0.2 μg ml-1) were used to detect lower in vitro sensitivity in two populations that had been exposed repeatedly to propiconazole than in four nonexposed populations. Mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for a nonexposed population (baseline) and a DMI-exposed population were 0.0049 and 0.0283 μg ml-1, respectively. Positive correlations were significant among log10 EC50 values for propiconazole, fenarimol, and myclobutanil but not between triadimefon and any of the other three fungicides, indicating cross-resistance relationships in this pathogen may not be universal among the DMIs. In greenhouse experiments, propiconazole-treated bentgrass was inoculated with seven isolates of S. homoeocarpa differing in sensitivity to propiconazole. Incubation period decreased and relative area under the disease progress curve and disease severity 28 days after inoculation increased linearly with increasing log10 EC50 value of the isolate. Results of this study confirm a significant relationship between in vitro sensitivity of S. homoeocarpa and in planta control efficacy of propiconazole and provide evidence of field resistance to propiconazole in S. homoeocarpa in Georgia.

Sexual Compatibility, Morphology, Physiology, Pathogenicity and in vitro Sensitivity to Fungicides of Thielaviopsis paradoxa Infecting Sugarcane and Pineapple in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu ◽  
A. Rodríguez Marcano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Sexual Compatibility ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Ceratocystis Paradoxa ◽  
Cultural Media

A previously unreported race of Thielaviopsis paradoxa was isolated from pineapple fruits with symptoms of black rot disease. Macro- and microconidia resemble in appearance those of T. paradoxa, the causal agent of the pineapple disease of sugarcane. Perithecia were produced in PDA (24°-28° C.) when the pineapple isolate was crossed with the light strain of T. paradoxa from sugarcane. Perithecia are characteristic of Ceratocystis paradoxa (horn-like appendages on the base of the perithecia and long, pointed ostiolar hyphae) and are morphologically indistinguishable from those obtained by crossing two sexually compatible strains from sugarcane. However, the rate of growth of the pineapple isolate, under various temperatures, pHs, and cultural media, was consistently different from those characterizing other strains of the fungus. The pineapple strain attacks sugarcane seedpieces more virulently than isolates obtained from sugarcane. In vitro tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine the relative toxicity of the fungicides benzoic acid, Dowicide A, Benlate, Tecto 60 (TBZ), and Dithane M-45 on pineapple and sugarcane isolates of the fungus. Benzoic acid and Dowicide A appeared to be the most effective of these fungicides for inhibiting mycelial growth of T. paradoxa.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Fungicides against Collar Rot Disease of Soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

A number of selected fungicides were evaluated to determine their efficacy for controlling collar rot disease of soybean plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The experiment was conducted under the controlled condition at the Plant Pathology Laboratory and Field laboratory of BINA, Bangladesh Agricultural University campus from November 2018 to August 2019. In-vitro research was done for the observation of radial mycelial growth of S. rolfsii on potato dextrose agar (PDA), treated with five fungicides viz. Antracol 70 WP (T1), Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WP (T2), Secure 600 WG (T3), Bavistin DF (T4), Dithane M-45 (T5), and one non-treated (T0) treatment. The highest percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of S. rolfsii in PDA medium was recorded in treatment T5 (Dithane M-45) 100% and lowest in treatment T3 (Secure 600 WG) 37.33% at 6 days after inoculation. Then the selected five fungicides were again applied to pot under controlled conditions to observe the best effect of selected fungicides against collar rot pathogen of soybean plants. The inoculation was done on a variety of BINA soybean 4 in pot condition. The highest mortality percent for the collar rot disease was found in treatment T0 (controlled) 100% soybean plants conversely, the lowest mortality percent was found in treatment T5 (Dithane M-45) 27.28% besides 38.92% in T2 (Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WP), 43.42% in T1 (Antracol 70 WP), 46.18% in T3 (Secure 600 WG) and 50.00% in treatment T4 (Bavistin DF) respectively. Thus, Dithane M-45 was found superior in controlling collar rot pathogen S. rolfsii of Soybean over all other fungicides tested in both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential of Trichoderma spp. Strains Native to Bagua (Amazonas, Peru) in the Biocontrol of Frosty Pod Rot (Moniliophthora roreri)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Santos Leiva ◽  
Manuel Oliva ◽  
Elgar Hernández ◽  
Beimer Chuquibala ◽  
Karol Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri ◽  
Frosty Pod Rot

The use of native Trichoderma strains has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to control cocoa diseases. The aim of this study was to assess indigenous Trichoderma strains from Bagua Province, Peru, with reference to their antagonistic characteristics in vitro and their potential for in vitro biocontrol against frosty pod rot (FPR) disease. A total of 199 strains were assessed for in vitro mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and potential antagonism. The effect of four strains was evaluated in vitro using epidemiological variables, yield, and efficacy at two sites (Copallín and La Peca). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were reported for all variables evaluated in vitro and in vitro. Mycoparasitism ranged from 32% to 100%, antibiosis from 33.36% to 57.92%, and potential antagonism from 42.36% to 78.64%. All strains were found to affect the in vitro-assessed parameters in addition to enhancing the productive yield. The efficiency ranged from 38.99% to 71.9% in Copallín, and 45.88% to 51.16% in La Peca. The CP24-6 strain showed the highest potential for biocontrol under field conditions when considering its effect on both sites.

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