Social Cognitive Determinants of Nutrition and Physical Activity Among Web-Health Users Enrolling in an Online Intervention: The Influence of Social Support, Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectations, and Self-Regulation

Part oneof this study investigated the effect of aging on social-cognitive characteristics related to physical activity (PA) among adults in the baseline phase of a health promotion intervention. Participants' questionnaire responses and activity logs indicated PA levels and self-efficacy declined with age, while social support and the use of self-regulatory behaviors (e.g., goal setting, planning, and keeping track) increased. With age participants were also less likely to expect PA to interfere with their daily routines and social obligations. Part two of the study was among overweight/obese, inactive participants completing the intervention; it examined whether improvements in psychosocial variables might counteract declining PA associated with age. After treatment, participants were more active and decreased body weight regardless of age, and improved self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulatory behaviors. In a causal model, increases in self-efficacy at 7-months lead to increased PA levels and, albeit marginally, weight loss at 16 months; increased PA was associated with greater weight loss. Aging adults who were more confident exercised more and as a result lost more weight. This longitudinal study suggests interventions that offset the effect of aging on self-efficacy may be more successful in helping older participants become more active and avoid weight gain.

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Self-Regulatory Imagery and Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Social-Cognitive Perspective

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2016-0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 14-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria-Christina Kosteli ◽

Jennifer Cumming ◽

Sarah E. Williams

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Outcome Expectations ◽

Self Report ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Efficacy Outcome ◽

Exercise Imagery

Limited research has investigated exercise imagery use in middle-aged and older adults and its relationship with affective and behavioral correlates. The study examined the association between self-regulatory imagery and physical activity (PA) through key social cognitive variables. Middle-aged and older adults (N = 299; M age = 59.73 years, SD = 7.73, range = 50 to 80) completed self-report measures assessing self-regulatory imagery use, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, perceived barriers, self-regulatory behavior, enjoyment, and PA levels. Path analysis supported a model (χ² [14] = 21.76, p = .08, CFI = .99, TLI = .97, SRMR = .03, RMSEA = .04) whereby self-regulatory imagery positively predicted self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulatory behaviors. Furthermore, self-regulatory imagery indirectly predicted barriers, outcome expectations, self-regulation, enjoyment, and PA. This research highlights self-regulatory imagery as an effective strategy in modifying exercise-related cognitions and behaviors. Incorporating social cognitive constructs into the design of imagery interventions may increase PA engagement.

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Self-regulation, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and social support: Social cognitive theory and nutrition behavior

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf02874555 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 304-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 199

Author(s):

Eileen S. Anderson ◽

Richard A. Winett ◽

Janet R. Wojcik

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Cognitive Theory ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Outcome Expectations ◽

Nutrition Behavior ◽

Efficacy Outcome

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Physical Activity After Stroke: Exploring Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, Social Support, and Outcome Expectations

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2017.71s1-po5157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (4_Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 7111500052p1

Author(s):

Ryan Bailey

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Outcome Expectations

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Evaluating psychosocial and physical activity outcomes following an intervention among Filipino Americans

Health Promotion Perspectives ◽

10.34172/hpp.2021.26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 210-218

Author(s):

Aisha Bhimla ◽

Ksenia Power ◽

Michael Sachs ◽

Allegra Bermudez ◽

Jessica Dinh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Health Workers ◽

Minority Group ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Outcome Expectations ◽

Rank Test ◽

Filipino Americans

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a strong contributor to enhancing a healthy lifestyle and preventing numerous chronic diseases. As ethnic minorities engage in low levels of PA, psychosocial and activity-based interventions for sustaining PA are crucial. Methods: The 6-month intervention incorporated culturally tailored educational workshops and weekly PA classes at a community center. Educational workshops were led by six trained community health workers (CHWs). Participants (n=37) completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires regarding PA related self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social support, enjoyment, self-regulation, goal setting, and overall PA. Results: Following the intervention, study participants exhibited increases in weekly PA levels. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test revealed higher median scores for Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES), Identified Regulation, and Intrinsic Motivation. Positive changes were observed for Physical Outcome Expectations, Social Outcome Expectations, Self-Evaluative Outcome Expectations, Physical Activity Enjoyment, Social Support for Exercise Scale – Family, Social Support for Exercise – Friends, and Exercise Goal-Setting. Conclusion: Community-based PA interventions may provide potential benefits to Filipino Americans, an ethnic Asian minority group, in identifying exercise benefits, developing proper exercise goals, increasing motivation, promoting PA behavior, and facilitating long-term PA adherence.

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A Test of Social Cognitive Theory to Explain Men’s Physical Activity During a Gender-Tailored Weight Loss Program

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988315600063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. NP176-NP187 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Myles D. Young ◽

Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽

Clare E. Collins ◽

Robin Callister ◽

Philip J. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Social Cognitive Theory ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Outcome Expectations ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Medium Effect

Physical inactivity is a leading contributor to the burden of disease in men. Social–cognitive theories may improve physical activity (PA) interventions by identifying which variables to target to maximize intervention impact. This study tested the utility of Bandura’s social cognitive theory (SCT) to explain men’s PA during a 3-month weight loss program. Participants were 204 overweight/obese men ( M [ SD] age = 46.6 [11.3] years; body mass index = 33.1 [3.5] kg/m2). A longitudinal, latent variable structural equation model tested the associations between SCT constructs (i.e., self-efficacy, outcome expectations, intention, and social support) and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and examined the total PA variance explained by SCT. After controlling for Time 1 cognitions and behavior, the model fit the data well (χ2 = 73.9, degrees of freedom = 39, p < .001; normed χ2 = 1.9; comparative fit index = 0.96; standardized root mean residual = 0.059) and explained 65% of the variance in MVPA at Time 2. At Time 2, self-efficacy demonstrated the largest direct and total effects on MVPA (βdirect = .45, p < .001; βtotal = .67, p = .002). A small-to-medium effect was observed from intention to MVPA, but not from outcome expectations or social support. This study provides some evidence supporting the tenets of SCT when examining PA behavior in overweight and obese men. Future PA and weight loss interventions for men may benefit by targeting self-efficacy and intention, but the utility of targeting social support and outcome expectations requires further examination.

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Social Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity in Czech Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2015-0125 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 196-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiri Mudrak ◽

Pavel Slepicka ◽

Steriani Elavsky

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Cognitive Model ◽

Cognitive Constructs

We tested a social cognitive model of physical activity (PA) in the cultural context of the Czech Republic, a postcommunist central European country. In total, 546 older Czech adults (mean age = 68 years, data collected in 2013) completed a battery of questionnaires assessing indicators of PA and related social cognitive constructs, including self-efficacy, social support, and self-regulation strategies. Subsequently, a structural equation model was used to test the relationship between the social cognitive constructs and PA. Our analyses indicated an acceptable fit of the proposed model (CFI = .911; SRMR = .046; RMSEA = .073). Self-regulation was predicted by self-efficacy (β = .67) and social support (β = .23), which predicted PA (β = .45). The model explained 60.4% of the variance in PA self-regulation and 20.5% of the variance in PA participation. The results provide further evidence for the role of self-efficacy and social support in enabling PA in older adults, and suggest that this relationship is partially mediated by self-regulation.

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