scholarly journals A Blockchain Framework for Patient-Centered Health Records and Exchange (HealthChain): Evaluation and Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hales Hylock ◽  
Xiaoming Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cumulative Record ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Mixed Block ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Server Side

BACKGROUND Blockchain has the potential to disrupt the current modes of patient data access, accumulation, contribution, exchange, and control. Using interoperability standards, smart contracts, and cryptographic identities, patients can securely exchange data with providers and regulate access. The resulting comprehensive, longitudinal medical records can significantly improve the cost and quality of patient care for individuals and populations alike. OBJECTIVE This work presents HealthChain, a novel patient-centered blockchain framework. The intent is to bolster patient engagement, data curation, and regulated dissemination of accumulated information in a secure, interoperable environment. A mixed-block blockchain is proposed to support immutable logging and redactable patient blocks. Patient data are generated and exchanged through Health Level-7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources, allowing seamless transfer with compliant systems. In addition, patients receive cryptographic identities in the form of public and private key pairs. Public keys are stored in the blockchain and are suitable for securing and verifying transactions. Furthermore, the envisaged system uses proxy re-encryption (PRE) to share information through revocable, smart contracts, ensuring the preservation of privacy and confidentiality. Finally, several PRE improvements are offered to enhance performance and security. METHODS The framework was formulated to address key barriers to blockchain adoption in health care, namely, information security, interoperability, data integrity, identity validation, and scalability. It supports 16 configurations through the manipulation of 4 modes. An open-source, proof-of-concept tool was developed to evaluate the performance of the novel patient block components and system configurations. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework and evaluate resource consumption, extensive testing was performed on each of the 16 configurations over a variety of scenarios involving a variable number of existing and imported records. RESULTS The results indicate several clear high-performing, low-bandwidth configurations, although they are not the strongest cryptographically. Of the strongest models, one’s anticipated cumulative record size is shown to influence the selection. Although the most efficient algorithm is ultimately user specific, Advanced Encryption Standard–encrypted data with static keys, incremental server storage, and no additional server-side encryption are the fastest and least bandwidth intensive, whereas proxy re-encrypted data with dynamic keys, incremental server storage, and additional server-side encryption are the best performing of the strongest configurations. CONCLUSIONS Blockchain is a potent and viable technology for patient-centered access to and exchange of health information. By integrating a structured, interoperable design with patient-accumulated and generated data shared through smart contracts into a universally accessible blockchain, HealthChain presents patients and providers with access to consistent and comprehensive medical records. Challenges addressed include data security, interoperability, block storage, and patient-administered data access, with several configurations emerging for further consideration regarding speed and security.

scholarly journals A Blockchain Framework for Patient-Centered Health Records and Exchange (HealthChain): Evaluation and Proof-of-Concept Study

10.2196/13592 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. e13592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hales Hylock ◽  
Xiaoming Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cumulative Record ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Mixed Block ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Server Side

Background Blockchain has the potential to disrupt the current modes of patient data access, accumulation, contribution, exchange, and control. Using interoperability standards, smart contracts, and cryptographic identities, patients can securely exchange data with providers and regulate access. The resulting comprehensive, longitudinal medical records can significantly improve the cost and quality of patient care for individuals and populations alike. Objective This work presents HealthChain, a novel patient-centered blockchain framework. The intent is to bolster patient engagement, data curation, and regulated dissemination of accumulated information in a secure, interoperable environment. A mixed-block blockchain is proposed to support immutable logging and redactable patient blocks. Patient data are generated and exchanged through Health Level-7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources, allowing seamless transfer with compliant systems. In addition, patients receive cryptographic identities in the form of public and private key pairs. Public keys are stored in the blockchain and are suitable for securing and verifying transactions. Furthermore, the envisaged system uses proxy re-encryption (PRE) to share information through revocable, smart contracts, ensuring the preservation of privacy and confidentiality. Finally, several PRE improvements are offered to enhance performance and security. Methods The framework was formulated to address key barriers to blockchain adoption in health care, namely, information security, interoperability, data integrity, identity validation, and scalability. It supports 16 configurations through the manipulation of 4 modes. An open-source, proof-of-concept tool was developed to evaluate the performance of the novel patient block components and system configurations. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework and evaluate resource consumption, extensive testing was performed on each of the 16 configurations over a variety of scenarios involving a variable number of existing and imported records. Results The results indicate several clear high-performing, low-bandwidth configurations, although they are not the strongest cryptographically. Of the strongest models, one’s anticipated cumulative record size is shown to influence the selection. Although the most efficient algorithm is ultimately user specific, Advanced Encryption Standard–encrypted data with static keys, incremental server storage, and no additional server-side encryption are the fastest and least bandwidth intensive, whereas proxy re-encrypted data with dynamic keys, incremental server storage, and additional server-side encryption are the best performing of the strongest configurations. Conclusions Blockchain is a potent and viable technology for patient-centered access to and exchange of health information. By integrating a structured, interoperable design with patient-accumulated and generated data shared through smart contracts into a universally accessible blockchain, HealthChain presents patients and providers with access to consistent and comprehensive medical records. Challenges addressed include data security, interoperability, block storage, and patient-administered data access, with several configurations emerging for further consideration regarding speed and security.

scholarly journals A Blockchain-Based Dynamic Consent Architecture to Support Clinical Genomic Data Sharing (ConsentChain): Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Albalwy ◽  
Andrew Brass ◽  
Angela Davies
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Dynamic Consent ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Clinical Genomic

BACKGROUND In clinical genomics, sharing of rare genetic disease information between genetic databases and laboratories is essential to determine the pathogenic significance of variants to enable the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases. Significant concerns regarding data governance and security have reduced this sharing in practice. Blockchain could provide a secure method for sharing genomic data between involved parties and thus help overcome some of these issues. OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute to the growing knowledge of the potential role of blockchain technology in supporting the sharing of clinical genomic data by describing blockchain-based dynamic consent architecture to support clinical genomic data sharing and provide a proof-of-concept implementation, called ConsentChain, for the architecture to explore its performance. METHODS The ConsentChain requirements were captured from a patient forum to identify security and consent concerns. The ConsentChain was developed on the Ethereum platform, in which smart contracts were used to model the actions of patients, who may provide or withdraw consent to share their data; the data creator, who collects and stores patient data; and the data requester, who needs to query and access the patient data. A detailed analysis was undertaken of the ConsentChain performance as a function of the number of transactions processed by the system. RESULTS We describe ConsentChain, a blockchain-based system that provides a web portal interface to support clinical genomic sharing. ConsentChain allows patients to grant or withdraw data requester access and allows data requesters to query and submit access to data stored in a secure off-chain database. We also developed an ontology model to represent patient consent elements into machine-readable codes to automate the consent and data access processes. CONCLUSIONS Blockchains and smart contracts can provide an efficient and scalable mechanism to support dynamic consent functionality and address some of the barriers that inhibit genomic data sharing. However, they are not a complete answer, and a number of issues still need to be addressed before such systems can be deployed in practice, particularly in relation to verifying user credentials.

scholarly journals A Blockchain-Based Dynamic Consent Architecture to Support Clinical Genomic Data Sharing (ConsentChain): Proof-of-Concept Study

10.2196/27816 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e27816
Author(s):  
Faisal Albalwy ◽  
Andrew Brass ◽  
Angela Davies
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Dynamic Consent ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Clinical Genomic

Background In clinical genomics, sharing of rare genetic disease information between genetic databases and laboratories is essential to determine the pathogenic significance of variants to enable the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases. Significant concerns regarding data governance and security have reduced this sharing in practice. Blockchain could provide a secure method for sharing genomic data between involved parties and thus help overcome some of these issues. Objective This study aims to contribute to the growing knowledge of the potential role of blockchain technology in supporting the sharing of clinical genomic data by describing blockchain-based dynamic consent architecture to support clinical genomic data sharing and provide a proof-of-concept implementation, called ConsentChain, for the architecture to explore its performance. Methods The ConsentChain requirements were captured from a patient forum to identify security and consent concerns. The ConsentChain was developed on the Ethereum platform, in which smart contracts were used to model the actions of patients, who may provide or withdraw consent to share their data; the data creator, who collects and stores patient data; and the data requester, who needs to query and access the patient data. A detailed analysis was undertaken of the ConsentChain performance as a function of the number of transactions processed by the system. Results We describe ConsentChain, a blockchain-based system that provides a web portal interface to support clinical genomic sharing. ConsentChain allows patients to grant or withdraw data requester access and allows data requesters to query and submit access to data stored in a secure off-chain database. We also developed an ontology model to represent patient consent elements into machine-readable codes to automate the consent and data access processes. Conclusions Blockchains and smart contracts can provide an efficient and scalable mechanism to support dynamic consent functionality and address some of the barriers that inhibit genomic data sharing. However, they are not a complete answer, and a number of issues still need to be addressed before such systems can be deployed in practice, particularly in relation to verifying user credentials.

scholarly journals Keamanan Data Pasien dengan Algoritma Blowfish pada HOTSPODT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Nuniek Fahriani ◽  
Indah Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Security Algorithm ◽  
Original File ◽  
The Individual

At HOTSPODT (Hospital Ship for Covid Disaster) there are no stages regarding the application of the use of information technology systems, especially for securing patient data which includes personal data and patient medical records. Confidential patient data collected during the current pandemic, including the patient’s name, address, diagnosis, family history and medical records without the patient’s consent, may pose a risk to the individual concerned. The concept of patient data security is adjusted to the user’s position on the importance of data. Access to patient data authorization is one of the security gaps that the security system needs to pay attention to and guard against. So, in this case applied a data security algorithm in the form of cryptography. The algorithm used is the Blowfish Algorithm. The test results of the scenario in the application prove that it can be successfully processed from the encrypted file to ciphertext until it is returned as the original file.

scholarly journals Third Party Certification of Agri-Food Supply Chain Using Smart Contracts and Blockchain Tokens

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges dos Santos ◽  
Nunzio Marco Torrisi ◽  
Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Every consumer’s buying decision at the supermarket influences food brands to make first party claims of sustainability and socially responsible farming methods on their agro-product labels. Fine wines are often subject to counterfeit along the supply chain to the consumer. This paper presents a method for efficient unrestricted publicity to third party certification (TPC) of plant agricultural products, starting at harvest, using smart contracts and blockchain tokens. The method is capable of providing economic incentives to the actors along the supply chain. A proof-of-concept using a modified Ethereum IGR token set of smart contracts using the ERC-1155 standard NFTs was deployed on the Rinkeby test net and evaluated. The main findings include (a) allowing immediate access to TPC by the public for any desired authority by using token smart contracts. (b) Food safety can be enhanced through TPC visible to consumers through mobile application and blockchain technology, thus reducing counterfeiting and green washing. (c) The framework is structured and maintained because participants obtain economical incentives thus leveraging it´s practical usage. In summary, this implementation of TPC broadcasting through tokens can improve transparency and sustainable conscientious consumer behaviour, thus enabling a more trustworthy supply chain transparency.

scholarly journals A Lightweight Blockchain-Based IoT Identity Management Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amine Bouras ◽  
Qinghua Lu ◽  
Sahraoui Dhelim ◽  
Huansheng Ning
Keyword(s):  
Identity Management ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Data Access Control ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Centralized System

Identity management is a fundamental feature of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, particularly for IoT data access control. However, most of the actual works adopt centralized approaches, which could lead to a single point of failure and privacy issues that are tied to the use of a trusted third parties. A consortium blockchain is an emerging technology that provides a neutral and trustable computation and storage platform that is suitable for building identity management solutions for IoT. This paper proposes a lightweight architecture and the associated protocols for consortium blockchain-based identity management to address privacy, security, and scalability issues in a centralized system for IoT. Besides, we implement a proof-of-concept prototype and evaluate our approach. We evaluate our work by measuring the latency and throughput of the transactions while using different query actions and payload sizes, and we compared it to other similar works. The results show that the approach is suitable for business adoption.

Integration of blockchains and smart contracts into construction information flows: Proof-of-concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 103925
Author(s):  
V. Ciotta ◽  
G. Mariniello ◽  
D. Asprone ◽  
A. Botta ◽  
G. Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Physician satisfaction with electronic medical records (EMRs): Time for an intelligent health record?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
Ajeet Gajra ◽  
Dewilka Simons ◽  
Yolaine Jeune-Smith ◽  
Amy W. Valley ◽  
Bruce A. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Physician Satisfaction ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Cancer Management

318 Background: EMRs are devised to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery and to reduce medical errors. Despite the widespread use of EMRs, various factors can limit their effectiveness in improving healthcare quality. General EMR use has been cited as a factor contributing to increased workload and clinician burnout in oncology and other specialties. The objective of this qualitative research study was to identify barriers perceived by medical oncologists and hematologists (mO/H) in utilizing EMR software and factors associated with levels of satisfaction. Methods: Between January and April 2021, mO/H from across the U.S. were invited to complete a web-based survey about various trends and critical issues in oncology care. Demographics about the physicians and characteristics of their practices were captured as well in the survey. Responses were aggregated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 369 mO/H completed the survey: 72% practice in a community setting; 47% identified as a hospital employee; they have an average of 19 years of clinical experience and spend on average 86% of their working time in direct patient care, seeing 17 patients per day on average on clinic days. Most (99%) of mO/H surveyed use an EMR software at their practice, with Epic (45%) and OncoEMR (16%) being the most common. Regarding satisfaction, 16% and 50% reported feeling highly satisfied and satisfied, respectively, with their current EMR, and 3% and 11% reported feeling very dissatisfied or dissatisfied, respectively. Some (19%) stated that they have considered changing their EMR, and 68% are unsure how EMR licensing fees for their practice are paid. EMR pain points most commonly experienced were: time-consuming, e.g., too many steps/click (70%); interoperability, e.g., difficulty sharing information across institutions or other EMR software (45%); data entry issues, e.g., difficulty entering clinical information, scheduling patient visits and reminders, or ordering multiple labs (38%); and poor workflow support (31%). The most useful aspects/features of their EMR software reported were availability of information, e.g., preloaded protocols, chemotherapy regimens and pathways (64%); data access (64%); and multiple access points, including remote access (37%). Conclusions: Satisfaction with EMR were generally positive among the mO/H surveyed. However, there are multiple deterrents to the efficient use of current EMR systems. This information is essential in the design of next-generation EMR (an Intelligent Medical Records system) to allow for incorporation of aspects most useful to the end-users, such as pathway access, preloaded information on cancer management as well as ease of access and portability, and a user experience that minimizes clicks and reduces physician time with EMR.

Abstract WP360: Sex Differences in Patient Centered Outcomes Obtained from Electronic Medical Records in the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy E Madsen ◽  
Heidi Sucharew ◽  
Kathleen Alwell ◽  
Stacie L Demel ◽  
Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Stroke Study

Intelligent Techniques for Analysis of Big Data About Healthcare and Medical Records

2022 ◽  
pp. 431-454
Author(s):  
Pinar Kirci
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Distributed File System ◽  
Healthcare Industry

To define huge datasets, the term of big data is used. The considered “4 V” datasets imply volume, variety, velocity and value for many areas especially in medical images, electronic medical records (EMR) and biometrics data. To process and manage such datasets at storage, analysis and visualization states are challenging processes. Recent improvements in communication and transmission technologies provide efficient solutions. Big data solutions should be multithreaded and data access approaches should be tailored to big amounts of semi-structured/unstructured data. Software programming frameworks with a distributed file system (DFS) that owns more units compared with the disk blocks in an operating system to multithread computing task are utilized to cope with these difficulties. Huge datasets in data storage and analysis of healthcare industry need new solutions because old fashioned and traditional analytic tools become useless.

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