Opportunistic infections among people living with HIV at reference health care centers in Morocco, 2015 (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Sakhri ◽  
Fatima Zahra Meski ◽  
SOUMIA TRIKI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Centers

BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in HIV disease is due to immune-suppression leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections (OIs) during the natural course of the disease. In 2015, the HIV prevalence is low in general population and concentrated among key populations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and CD4 correlates of OIs among adult HIV-infected patients attending antiretroviral health care in Morocco, during 2015. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey among all adult PLHIV for admitted in the health care centers during 2015, who had acquired infection disease. Patients’ opportunistic infection status was determined through clinical diagnosis and laboratory investigations. CD4 count was determined using flow cytometry technique. The clinical stage of HIV was identified by the classification of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We collected Socio-demographic and clinical data from patients’ medical records. We performed statistical analysis by using Epi-Info 7.2.0.1 software. The appropriate test was applied, bivariate analysis was made and the differences were significant when p<.05. RESULTS 299 HIV-infected cases were included; 53% were males. The most represented age group was 25-34 years (36.1%). The mean age of the cases was 38.7 ± 16.8. The prevalence of OIs was 47.8%. Tuberculosis (65/299, 21.7%), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (40/299, 13.4%) and Oral candidiasis (22/299, 7.4%) were the most frequently observed OIs. CONCLUSIONS Tuberculosis, pneumocystis and oral candidacies were the leading OIs, encountered by HIV-infected cases. Preventive measures and early diagnosis of HIV associated to OIs are crucial.

A survey of Cambodian health-care providers' HIV knowledge, attitudes and intentions to take a sexual history

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Webber ◽  
N Edwards ◽  
I D Graham ◽  
C Amaratunga ◽  
I Gaboury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planned Behaviour

Cambodia has one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV in Asia and is scaling up HIV testing. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 358 health care providers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia to assess readiness for voluntary testing and counselling for HIV. We measured HIV knowledge and attitudes, and predictors of intentions to take a sexual history using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Over 90% of health care providers correctly answered knowledge questions about HIV transmission, but their attitudes were often not positive towards people living with HIV. The Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs explained 56% of the variance in intention to take a sexual history: the control providers perceive they have over taking a sexual history was the strongest contributor (51%), while social pressure explained a further 3%. Attitudes about taking a sexual history did not contribute to intention. Interventions with Cambodian health care providers should focus on improving skills in sexual history-taking.

scholarly journals Assessment of health workers’ concern about COVID-19 pandemic: implication for surveillance activities among Primary Health Care workers in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaniyan Akintunde Babatunde ◽  
Muideen Babatunde Olatunji ◽  
Roseline Oluyemisi Akande ◽  
Joseph Muyiwa Olumoyegun
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has continued to threaten the existence of human race. The novelty and unstable epidemiologic pattern of the virus had generated so much concern among the global health experts. These concerns were found to be escalated among frontline health care workers to the extent of impeding the timeliness of the response activities. To slow down the spread of the already established community transmission through the surveillance activities, the concern of the health workers at the community level needs to be addressed. Therefore, this study assessed the concern about COVID-19 pandemic among the primary health workers in Oyo State, Nigeria.MethodsThis was an online cross-sectional survey conducted among primary health care workers in Oyo State between March and April 2020. Using a two-stage sampling technique, we recruited 284 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire linked to the Google form was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25; bivariate analysis was done using Chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of health workers’ concern at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 45.0 + 9.0 years. About 52.5% had goodk knowledge of COVID-19. In the domains of concern, 66.9%, 53.2%, 51.4%, and 46.5% of the respondents expressed government-related concern, self-satisfaction related concern, work-related concern and social status related concern respectively. Male respondents were less likely to express concern about COVID-19 compared with their female counterparts (aOR= 0.39, 95% CI = 0.20 – 0.76). Nurses/midwives (aOR= 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05 – 0.85) had lesser likelihood of expressing concern about COVID-19 while middle staff (aOR= 2.5, 95% CI = 1.18 – 5.39) and income earner of ≥ N200, 000 (aOR= 2.3, 95% CI = 1.34 – 3.92) had higher likelihood of expressing concern about COVID-19.ConclusionThe study revealed an average knowledge of COVID-19 among the respondents. Government-related and self-satisfaction related concerns were majorly expressed by the majority of the PHC workers. Therefore, holistic policy that addresses the welfare and training of the HCWs is recommended.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing pattern on extemporaneous compounding suspension in primary health care centers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri Hapsari ◽  
Marchaban Marchaban ◽  
Chairun Wiedyaningsih ◽  
Susi Ari Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Extemporaneous compounding is one of traditional drug prescribing methods. Although this compounding is still used until present days, but it remains problems since many unexpected cases happen such as medication error, quality of the compounding and also bacterial contamination that may appear in each compounding dosage. This study aims to determine prescribing pattern of antibiotic on dosage of extemporaneous compounding suspension in primary health care centers. The employed method is cross sectional survey conducted in 24 primary health care centers; it is obtained 87 extemporaneous compounding suspensions containing antibiotics. The result shows the antibiotics frequently used in the compounding in the primary health care centers are amoxicillin (90.62%) in form of tablet dosage (10.42) and suspension dosage (89.58%). The most used pattern of antibiotic prescribing in dosage of extemporaneous prescribing suspension is antibiotic suspension + anti-histamine tablets + corticosteroids tablet (18.39%). It can be concluded that the most used prescribing pattern of antibiotic in dosage of extemporaneous prescribing suspension is antibiotic suspension + anti-histamine tablets + corticosteroids tablet.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Psychological Impact on Health Care Workers in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6076
Author(s):  
Hasan S. Alamri ◽  
Wesam F. Mousa ◽  
Abdullah Algarni ◽  
Shehata F. Megahid ◽  
Ali Al Bshabshe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Little is known about the impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) among the health care workers in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the health care workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May till mid-July among 389 health care workers from government and private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a pre-structured online questionnaire that measured adverse psychological outcomes, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. The Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the distribution of depression and anxiety among health care workers. Results: A high level of anxiety was recorded among the health care workers, and 69.3% of health care workers below the age of 40 were found to have depression. There was a significant increase in depression among staff with chronic health problems (72.1% vs. 61.9%; p = 0.048). High anxiety levels were detected among young staff compared to others (68.7% vs. 43.8%; p = 0.001). Moreover, 82.1% of the female staff were anxious, as compared to 55.6% of the males (p = 0.001). Conclusions: We found increased prevalence of adverse psychological outcomes among the health care workers in Saudi Arabia during the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, there is a need for proper screening and development of corresponding preventive measures to decrease the adverse psychological outcomes.

Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eag States

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.

Perceived Oral Health Literacy, Behaviors, and Oral Health Care among Caregivers to the Homebound Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110084
Author(s):  
Agata Wilk ◽  
Lisa LaSpina ◽  
Linda D. Boyd ◽  
Jared Vineyard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oral Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to explore the level of perceived oral health literacy (OHL) among caregivers of the homebound population in the Chicago metropolitan area and how caregivers’ OHL impacts their oral care to the homebound population. The relationships between demographic characteristics, perceived OHL levels, personal oral health behaviors, and oral health care to clients were also assessed. This cross-sectional survey research examined 69 caregivers of the homebound population employed by home health agencies. The OHL was determined by the validated Health Literacy in Dentistry Scale (HeLD-14). Independent t-tests, chi-square tests set at p < .05 significance level, and logistic regressions were used for analysis. The mean age of participants was 43. The HeLD-14 scores indicated a high perceived OHL among this group. Caregivers came from diverse groups, and the majority spoke a second language at home. About 93% performed oral self-care the recommended amount of time or more, while only 57% did it for their clients. Those who cleaned clients’ mouth twice a day had a higher OHL score ( M = 23 compared to M = 19). About 43% did not check for sores in the client’s mouth, and those who checked had a higher OHL score ( M = 25 compared to M = 19). Controlling for OHL, age was a good predictor of oral care frequency to clients. These findings provide current evidence and add to the body of knowledge on OHL among homebound individuals. The results provide insights for designing a preventive approach in oral health care to the homebound population.

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