scholarly journals Open and Distance Learning Programs for Nursing and Midwifery Education in East Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahabi Isangula ◽  
Grace Edwards ◽  
Tumbwene Mwansisya ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Eunice Pallangyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Open And Distance Learning ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

BACKGROUND In the face of growing modernity and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, open and distance learning (ODL) is considered to play an important role in increasing access to education worldwide. There is a robust evidence base demonstrating its cost effectiveness in comparison with conventional class-based teaching; however, the transition to this new paradigm of learning for nursing and midwifery courses has been difficult in low-income countries. While there are notable efforts to increase internet and education access to health care professionals, not much is known about ODL for nurses and midwives in East African countries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to understand whether ODL programs for nursing and midwifery education exist, the drivers of their adoption, their implementation, the topics/courses covered, their acceptability, and their impacts in East African countries. METHODS The scoping review methodology employs the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. Using an exploratory approach, a two-stage screening process consisting of a title and abstract scan and a full-text review will be used to determine the eligibility of articles. To be included, articles must report on an existing ODL initiative for nurses and midwives in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. All articles will be independently assessed for eligibility by pairs of reviewers, and all eligible articles will be abstracted and charted in duplicate using a standardized form. RESULTS Details of ODL for nursing and midwifery education initiatives and study outcomes will be summarized in a table. The extracted data will undergo exploratory descriptive analysis, and the results will be classified into learner and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Evidence on ODL for nursing and midwifery education will inform the ongoing development and restructuring of health care professional education in East Africa amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/17765

scholarly journals Open and Distance Learning Programs for Nursing and Midwifery Education in East Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review

10.2196/17765 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e17765
Author(s):  
Kahabi Isangula ◽  
Grace Edwards ◽  
Tumbwene Mwansisya ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Eunice Pallangyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Open And Distance Learning ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Background In the face of growing modernity and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, open and distance learning (ODL) is considered to play an important role in increasing access to education worldwide. There is a robust evidence base demonstrating its cost effectiveness in comparison with conventional class-based teaching; however, the transition to this new paradigm of learning for nursing and midwifery courses has been difficult in low-income countries. While there are notable efforts to increase internet and education access to health care professionals, not much is known about ODL for nurses and midwives in East African countries. Objective The objective of this scoping review is to understand whether ODL programs for nursing and midwifery education exist, the drivers of their adoption, their implementation, the topics/courses covered, their acceptability, and their impacts in East African countries. Methods The scoping review methodology employs the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. Using an exploratory approach, a two-stage screening process consisting of a title and abstract scan and a full-text review will be used to determine the eligibility of articles. To be included, articles must report on an existing ODL initiative for nurses and midwives in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. All articles will be independently assessed for eligibility by pairs of reviewers, and all eligible articles will be abstracted and charted in duplicate using a standardized form. Results Details of ODL for nursing and midwifery education initiatives and study outcomes will be summarized in a table. The extracted data will undergo exploratory descriptive analysis, and the results will be classified into learner and clinical outcomes. Conclusions Evidence on ODL for nursing and midwifery education will inform the ongoing development and restructuring of health care professional education in East Africa amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/17765

scholarly journals Professional Image of Nursing and Midwifery in East Africa: An Exploratory Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Wambui Ndirangu ◽  
Ahmed Sarki ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Grace Edwards
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that there is a negative image of nursing and midwifery that does not promote nursing and midwifery as attractive career options. Furthermore, there is a paucity of studies documenting how nursing and midwifery is perceived in East Africa, and where such studies exist they are country-specific. The aim of this study was to explore views regarding the image of nursing and midwifery among nurses and midwives in three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.Methods: An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study administered online using Survey Monkey Questionnaires assessed the views and perceptions of nurses, midwives and doctors regarding the image of nursing and midwifery professions. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi square tests were used to analyse the data. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.Results: A total of 551 participants took part in the study. The majority were females (61.8%), registered nurses/midwives (45.8%), and aged 30-39 years (34.2%). The majority of the respondents were from Kenya (39.7%) and Uganda (32.9%). About two-thirds of the nurses and midwives in this study perceived nursing/midwifery as both trusted and respected professions and expressed having a level of control over how their image was portrayed. Conversely, the nurses and midwives were conscious that the public had mixed responses about the nursing/midwifery professions specifically, some members of the public described nurses/midwives as professionals, knowledgeable and caring, others perceived nurses/midwives to be rude, cruel, unkind, lazy, unkempt, and maids.Conclusion: This study offers an interesting insight about the image of nursing/midwifery in East Africa. Findings from this study will inform policy makers and educators about key concepts that affect the image of nursing and midwifery in East Africa. The findings will be used to design marketing materials to help improve the image of nursing and midwifery in the region and other African countries.

scholarly journals Professional image of nursing and midwifery in East Africa: an exploratory analysis

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Wambui Ndirangu ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Sarki ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Grace Edwards
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that there is a negative image of nursing and midwifery that does not promote these professions as attractive career options. Furthermore, there is a paucity of studies documenting how nursing and midwifery is perceived in East Africa and where such studies exist they are country-specific. The aim of this study was to explore views regarding the image of nursing and midwifery among nurses and midwives in three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Methods An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study administered online using Survey Monkey Questionnaires assessed the views and perceptions of nurses and midwives regarding the image of nursing and midwifery professions. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi square tests were used to analyse the data. The semi-structured questions were analysed using content analysis. Results A total of 551 participants took part in the study. The majority were females (61.8%), registered nurses/midwives (45.8%), and aged 30–39 years (34.2%). Most of the respondents were from Kenya (39.7%) and Uganda (32.9%). About two-thirds of the nurses and midwives in this study perceived nursing/midwifery as both trusted and respected professions and expressed having a level of control over how their image was portrayed. Conversely, the nurses and midwives were conscious that the public had mixed responses about the nursing/midwifery professions specifically, some members of the public described nurses/midwives as professionals, knowledgeable and caring, others perceived nurses/midwives to be rude, cruel, unkind, lazy, unkempt, and maids. Conclusion This study offers an interesting insight about the image of nursing/midwifery in East Africa. Findings from this study will inform policy makers and educators about key concepts that affect the image of nursing and midwifery in East Africa. The findings will be used to design marketing materials to help improve the image of nursing and midwifery in the region and other African countries.

scholarly journals Professional Image of Nursing and Midwifery in East Africa: An Exploratory Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Wambui Ndirangu ◽  
Ahmed Sarki ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Grace Edwards
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that there is a negative image of nursing and midwifery that does not promote these professions as attractive career options. Furthermore, there is a paucity of studies documenting how nursing and midwifery is perceived in East Africa, and where such studies exist they are country-specific. The aim of this study was to explore views regarding the image of nursing and midwifery among nurses and midwives in three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.Methods: An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study administered online using Survey Monkey Questionnaires assessed the views and perceptions of nurses and midwives regarding the image of nursing and midwifery professions. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi square tests were used to analyse the data. The semi-structured questions were analysed using content analysis. Results: A total of 551 participants took part in the study. The majority were females (61.8%), registered nurses/midwives (45.8%), and aged 30-39 years (34.2%). The majority of the respondents were from Kenya (39.7%) and Uganda (32.9%). About two-thirds of the nurses and midwives in this study perceived nursing/midwifery as both trusted and respected professions and expressed having a level of control over how their image was portrayed. Conversely, the nurses and midwives were conscious that the public had mixed responses about the nursing/midwifery professions specifically, some members of the public described nurses/midwives as professionals, knowledgeable and caring, others perceived nurses/midwives to be rude, cruel, unkind, lazy, unkempt, and maids.Conclusion: This study offers an interesting insight about the image of nursing/midwifery in East Africa. Findings from this study will inform policy makers and educators about key concepts that affect the image of nursing and midwifery in East Africa. The findings will be used to design marketing materials to help improve the image of nursing and midwifery in the region and other African countries.

scholarly journals Professional Image of Nursing and Midwifery in East Africa: An Exploratory Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Wambui Ndirangu ◽  
Ahmed Sarki ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Grace Edwards
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that there is a negative image of nursing and midwifery that does not promote these professions as attractive career options. Furthermore, there is a paucity of studies documenting how nursing and midwifery is perceived in East Africa and where such studies exist they are country-specific. The aim of this study was to explore views regarding the image of nursing and midwifery among nurses and midwives in three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.Methods: An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study administered online using Survey Monkey Questionnaires assessed the views and perceptions of nurses and midwives regarding the image of nursing and midwifery professions. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi square tests were used to analyse the data. The semi-structured questions were analysed using content analysis. Results: A total of 551 participants took part in the study. The majority were females (61.8%), registered nurses/midwives (45.8%), and aged 30-39 years (34.2%). Most of the respondents were from Kenya (39.7%) and Uganda (32.9%). About two-thirds of the nurses and midwives in this study perceived nursing/midwifery as both trusted and respected professions and expressed having a level of control over how their image was portrayed. Conversely, the nurses and midwives were conscious that the public had mixed responses about the nursing/midwifery professions specifically, some members of the public described nurses/midwives as professionals, knowledgeable and caring, others perceived nurses/midwives to be rude, cruel, unkind, lazy, unkempt, and maids.Conclusion: This study offers an interesting insight about the image of nursing/midwifery in East Africa. Findings from this study will inform policy makers and educators about key concepts that affect the image of nursing and midwifery in East Africa. The findings will be used to design marketing materials to help improve the image of nursing and midwifery in the region and other African countries.

scholarly journals Professional Image of Nursing and Midwifery in East Africa: An Exploratory Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Wambui Ndirangu ◽  
Ahmed Sarki ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Grace Edwards
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that there is a negative image of nursing and midwifery that does not promote these professions as attractive career options. Furthermore, there is a paucity of studies documenting how nursing and midwifery is perceived in East Africa, and where such studies exist they are country-specific. The aim of this study was to explore views regarding the image of nursing and midwifery among nurses and midwives in three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.Methods: An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study administered online using Survey Monkey Questionnaires assessed the views and perceptions of nurses and midwives regarding the image of nursing and midwifery professions. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi square tests were used to analyse the data. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.Results: A total of 551 participants took part in the study. The majority were females (61.8%), registered nurses/midwives (45.8%), and aged 30-39 years (34.2%). The majority of the respondents were from Kenya (39.7%) and Uganda (32.9%). About two-thirds of the nurses and midwives in this study perceived nursing/midwifery as both trusted and respected professions and expressed having a level of control over how their image was portrayed. Conversely, the nurses and midwives were conscious that the public had mixed responses about the nursing/midwifery professions specifically, some members of the public described nurses/midwives as professionals, knowledgeable and caring, others perceived nurses/midwives to be rude, cruel, unkind, lazy, unkempt, and maids.Conclusion: This study offers an interesting insight about the image of nursing/midwifery in East Africa. Findings from this study will inform policy makers and educators about key concepts that affect the image of nursing and midwifery in East Africa. The findings will be used to design marketing materials to help improve the image of nursing and midwifery in the region and other African countries.

Defamation in East Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hodgin
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
English Law

The purpose of this article is to review the application of the English law of defamation in the East African countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania) and to assess the possible contribution of the Kenya Defamation Act, 1970.

scholarly journals Analysis of main risk factors contributing to obesity in the region of East Africa: meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Lenka Mařincová ◽  
Simona Šafaříková ◽  
Radka Cahlíková
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background: Over a few decades obesity has become a major global health problem. Its prevalence worldwide has more than doubled since 1980. The situation is expected to worsen in the future, especially in the developing countries that experience nutrition transition due to economic growth. It contributes to reduction in malnutrition which supports an increase in obesity prevalence. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the predictors of obesity in the region of East Africa. Methods: Meta-analysis of existing studies was used in order to find the different risk factors and their significance in obesity development. Data extracted from 16 published academic research articles described the situation in East African countries. The significance of the effect of each variable was tested by means of an asymptotic chi-square test, or Fisher's exact (factorial) test and the risk ratios were calculated. Results: Based on the chi-square test and the risk ratios of the aggregated data, three risk factors were found to be significant in the development of obesity – gender, type of residence and socio-economic status. In East African countries, women are significantly more likely to be obese. Living in an urban area and socioeconomic status are also positively associated with obesity. Because of insufficient data three other risk factors did not prove to be of any significance – alcohol consumption, smoking and education level. Conclusion: Conclusions of this meta-analysis confirm world trends but we also found results that are not in line with them (e.g. education). This meta-analysis confirms the huge existing research gap concerning obesity predictors in the East African region. Keywords: Obesity; meta-analysis; East Africa. 

scholarly journals Identifikasi Kompetensi Bidan: Data Riset Pendidikan Tenaga Kesehatan Tahun 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Sefrina Werni ◽  
Rosita Rosita ◽  
Nita Prihartini ◽  
Mieska Despitasari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstrak Bidan sebagai tenaga kesehatan strategis yang berperan dalam pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak dituntut memiliki kompetensi tinggi untuk dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan baik. Kompetensi yang tinggi dapat tercapai bila penyelenggara pendidikan profesi bidan memenuhi standar penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Berdasarkan data Majelis Tenaga Kesehatan Indonesia (MTKI) tahun 2016, nilai rata-rata uji kompetensi DIII kebidanan hanya 41,08. Peserta uji kompetensi yang belum lulus sebanyak 46,5%. Hasil yang masih jauh dari harapan juga ditunjukkan dari rerata try out uji kompetensi tenaga kesehatan tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2015 yang cenderung menurun. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi identifikasi kompetensi bidan berdasarkan Kepmenkes 369/MENKES/SK/III/2007 tentang standar profesi bidan pada hasil Risdiknakes tahun 2017. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan literatur review. Informan adalah bidan di puskesmas dan pakar kebidanan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi bidan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan masih belum sesuai standar. Beberapa faktor dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan kebidanan turut membentuk kompetensi bidan yang dihasilkan. Proses rekrutmen calon peserta didik, kualitas dosen, dan proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan kebidanan secara keseluruhan merupakan komponen yang harus menjadi fokus untuk menghasilkan bidan yang sesuai dengan standar kompetensi seperti tercantum dalam Kepmenkes Nomor 369/MENKES/SK/III/2007. Kata kunci: kompetensi bidan, kajian kebidanan, pendidikan bidan, kurikulum kebidanan Abstract Midwives are strategic health workers who play an important role in maternal and child health services. They are required to have well competencies to run their tasks properly. Well, competencies can be achieved if the midwife's professional education providers meet the standards. Based on the Indonesian Health Workers' Assembly (MTKI) data in 2016, the average value of the DIII midwifery-competency test was only 41.08. Participants who failed the competency test were as much as 46.5%. It is still far from the expectation as the average value of health workers’ competency tests try out between 2012 to 2015 tends to decline. This study aims to identify midwife competencies based on Minister of Health's decree No. 369/MENKES/SK/III/2007 on midwives' profession standards and the results of the 2017 Research on Health Workers’ Education (Risdiknakes). The study was conducted using observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. Informants are midwives at primary health care and midwifery experts. The results of the study indicate that midwife competencies in health care facilities are still not up to standard. Several factors in the administration of midwifery education also shape the competence of the midwives produced. The process of recruiting prospective students, the quality of lecturers, and the process of conducting midwifery education as a whole are components that must be the focus to produce midwives that comply with the competency standards in Minister of Health's decree No. 369/MENKES/SK/III/ 2007. Keywords: midwife competencies, midwifery studies, midwife education

Utilization and Determinants of Antenatal Care Visits in East African Countries: A Multicountry Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema ◽  
Amare Minyihun
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Antenatal Care Visit ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Planned Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization

Background. The health care a woman receives during pregnancy is important for her survival and baby, both at the time of delivery and shortly after that. In the context of high maternal morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, fewer than 80% of pregnant women receive antenatal care visit services. Receiving antenatal care visits at least four times increases the likelihood of receiving effective maternal health interventions through the antenatal period. This study aimed to identify the utilization and determinants of attending at least four visits in 12 East African countries. Methods. The study used the demographic and health survey data from 12 East African countries from 2008 to 2018. The DHS program adopts standardized methods involving uniform questionnaires, manuals, and field procedures to gather information comparable across countries globally. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinants of completing at least four antenatal care services. With their 95% CI obtained from the adjusted multilevel logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio was presented to show the magnitude of the relationship between the independent variable and completing antenatal care visits. Results. The pooled utilization of attending at least four antenatal care visit in the East African region was 52.44% (95% CI: 52.13, 52.74), with the highest attending at least four or more antenatal care visit visits in Zimbabwe (75.72%) and the lowest attending at least four or more antenatal care visit visits in Ethiopia (31.82%). The significant determinants of completing at least four ANC visits were age category (24–34 (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.31) and 35–49 (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.53)); being married women (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.1.05, 1.16); education levels of primary education (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.27), secondary education (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.47), and higher education (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.14); birth order (2–4 (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.79) and 5+ (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.68)); planned pregnancy (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.86); contraceptive utilization (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.43); wealth status of middle (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) and rich (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.32); having no problem accessing health care (AOR = 1.0.95, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97); and living countries. Conclusions. The coverage of completing the recommended antenatal care visit was low in the region. Age, marital status, mother’s and partner’s education, women’s occupation, birth order, planned pregnancy, contraceptive utilization, wealth status, healthcare accessibility, and living countries were the major determinants of completing recommended antenatal care visits. Therefore, intersectoral collaboration to promote female education and empowerment, improve geographical access to health care, and strengthen implementation of antenatal care policies with active community participation is recommended. In addition, creating a conducive environment in entrepreneurial activities for poor women is needed.

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