scholarly journals A Dietary Mobile App for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Prospective Pilot Study to Improve Dietary Intakes (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosette Fakih El Khoury ◽  
Rik Crutzen ◽  
Jos M G A Schols ◽  
Ruud J G Halfens ◽  
Mirey Karavetian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Prospective Pilot Study ◽  
Medium Effect Size

BACKGROUND Mobile technology has an impact on the health care sector, also within dietetics. Mobile health (mHealth) apps may be used for dietary assessment and self-monitoring, allowing for real-time reporting of food intakes. Changing eating behaviors is quite challenging, and patients undergoing hemodialysis, particularly, struggle to meet the target intakes set by dietary guidelines. Usage of mobile apps that are developed in a person-centered approach and in line with recommendations may support both patients and health care practitioners. OBJECTIVE This study is a pilot that aims at estimating the potential efficacy of a dietary intervention using a theory-based, person-centered smartphone app. Results will be used to improve both the app and a planned large-scale trial intended to assess app efficacy thoroughly. METHODS A prospective pilot study was performed at the hemodialysis unit of Al Qassimi Hospital (The Emirate of Sharjah). All patients that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were considered eligible to be enrolled in the pilot study. Upon successful installation of the app, users met with a dietitian once a week. Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0) and 2 weeks post app usage (T1). This pilot is reported as per guidelines for nonrandomized pilot and feasibility studies and in line with the CONSORT 2010 checklist for reporting pilot or feasibility trials. RESULTS A total of 23 patients completed the pilot intervention. Mean energy intakes increased from 24.4 kcal/kg/day (SD 8.0) to 29.1 kcal/kg/day (SD 7.8) with a medium effect size (<i>d</i>=0.6, 95% CI 0.0-1.2). Mean protein intakes increased from 0.9 g/kg/day (SD 0.3) to 1.3 g/kg/day (SD 0.5) with a large effect size (<i>d</i>=1.0, 95% CI 0.4-1.6); mean intake of high biological value (%HBV) proteins also increased from 58.6% (SD 10.1) to 70.1% (SD 10.7) with a large effect size (<i>d</i>=1.1, 95% CI 0.5-1.7). Dietary intakes of minerals did not change, apart from sodium which decreased from a mean intake of 2218.8 mg/day (SD 631.6) to 1895.3 mg/day (SD 581.0) with a medium effect size (<i>d</i>=0.5, 95% CI 0.1-1.1). Mean serum phosphorus, potassium, and albumin levels did not change relevantly. Mean serum iron increased from 7.9 mg/dL (SD 2.8) to 11.5 mg/dL (SD 7.9) postintervention with a medium effect size (<i>d</i>=0.6, 95% CI 0.0-1.2). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study showed that the KELA.AE app has the potential to improve dietary intakes. Processes related to procedure, resources, tools, and app improvement for a future trial were assessed. A more extended intervention using a randomized controlled trial is required to estimate parameters concerning app efficacy accurately.

scholarly journals A Dietary Mobile App for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Prospective Pilot Study to Improve Dietary Intakes

10.2196/17817 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e17817
Author(s):  
Cosette Fakih El Khoury ◽  
Rik Crutzen ◽  
Jos M G A Schols ◽  
Ruud J G Halfens ◽  
Mirey Karavetian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Prospective Pilot Study ◽  
Medium Effect Size

Background Mobile technology has an impact on the health care sector, also within dietetics. Mobile health (mHealth) apps may be used for dietary assessment and self-monitoring, allowing for real-time reporting of food intakes. Changing eating behaviors is quite challenging, and patients undergoing hemodialysis, particularly, struggle to meet the target intakes set by dietary guidelines. Usage of mobile apps that are developed in a person-centered approach and in line with recommendations may support both patients and health care practitioners. Objective This study is a pilot that aims at estimating the potential efficacy of a dietary intervention using a theory-based, person-centered smartphone app. Results will be used to improve both the app and a planned large-scale trial intended to assess app efficacy thoroughly. Methods A prospective pilot study was performed at the hemodialysis unit of Al Qassimi Hospital (The Emirate of Sharjah). All patients that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were considered eligible to be enrolled in the pilot study. Upon successful installation of the app, users met with a dietitian once a week. Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0) and 2 weeks post app usage (T1). This pilot is reported as per guidelines for nonrandomized pilot and feasibility studies and in line with the CONSORT 2010 checklist for reporting pilot or feasibility trials. Results A total of 23 patients completed the pilot intervention. Mean energy intakes increased from 24.4 kcal/kg/day (SD 8.0) to 29.1 kcal/kg/day (SD 7.8) with a medium effect size (d=0.6, 95% CI 0.0-1.2). Mean protein intakes increased from 0.9 g/kg/day (SD 0.3) to 1.3 g/kg/day (SD 0.5) with a large effect size (d=1.0, 95% CI 0.4-1.6); mean intake of high biological value (%HBV) proteins also increased from 58.6% (SD 10.1) to 70.1% (SD 10.7) with a large effect size (d=1.1, 95% CI 0.5-1.7). Dietary intakes of minerals did not change, apart from sodium which decreased from a mean intake of 2218.8 mg/day (SD 631.6) to 1895.3 mg/day (SD 581.0) with a medium effect size (d=0.5, 95% CI 0.1-1.1). Mean serum phosphorus, potassium, and albumin levels did not change relevantly. Mean serum iron increased from 7.9 mg/dL (SD 2.8) to 11.5 mg/dL (SD 7.9) postintervention with a medium effect size (d=0.6, 95% CI 0.0-1.2). Conclusions This pilot study showed that the KELA.AE app has the potential to improve dietary intakes. Processes related to procedure, resources, tools, and app improvement for a future trial were assessed. A more extended intervention using a randomized controlled trial is required to estimate parameters concerning app efficacy accurately.

scholarly journals Adequate management of Phosphorus in hemodialysis using a dietary smartphone app: A pilot study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosette Fakih El Khoury ◽  
Rik Crutzen ◽  
Jos M.G.A. Schols ◽  
Ruud J.G. Halfens ◽  
Mirey Karavetian
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Potential Efficacy

BACKGROUND The renal diet is complex and requires amendments in various nutrients. Elevated serum phosphorus is common among hemodialysis patients, and it is associated with many complications. Alternative approaches that support both dietitians and patients in overcoming these difficulties should be explored. Smartphone technology could be used to provide a source of accessible and reliable information. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot is to assess the potential efficacy of an intervention using KELA.AE on the phosphorous management in hemodialysis patients. Results will be used to improve both the application and a planned, rigorous large-scale trial intended to assess app efficacy. METHODS This is a pilot study performed at the hemodialysis unit of Al Qassimi Hospital (Emirate of Sharjah). All patients were assessed for eligibility, and based on inclusion criteria, they were considered for enrollment. Participants met with a dietitian once a week and used the mobile app. Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0) and two weeks post app usage (T1). This pilot is reported as per guidelines for non-randomized pilot and feasibility studies and in line with the CONSORT 2010 checklist for reporting pilot or feasibility trials. RESULTS Twenty-three subjects successfully completed the pilot. Patients knowledge improved to 68.1% (13.3) after intervention with a large effect size (d= 1.22, 95%CI 0.59-1.85). Dietary protein intakes increased from a mean of 0.9g/Kg (SD=0.3) per day to a mean of 1.3g/Kg (SD=0.5) per day with a large effect size (d= 1.07, 95%CI 0.45-1.69). Phosphorus to protein ratio dropped from a mean of 18.4 mg/g protein to 13.5mg/g protein with a large effect size (d= 0.83, 95%CI 0.22-1.43). There were no improvements in phosphorous intakes, self-reported non-adherence, and serum phosphorus. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot reveal potential efficacy for the use of a smartphone app as a supportive nutrition education tool for the phosphorus management in hemodialysis. This pilot study showed that KELA.AE app has the potential to improve knowledge and dietary choices. Processes related to the procedure, resources, tools, and app improvement for a future trial were assessed. A rigorous randomized controlled trial should be performed to evaluate the efficacy, assessing app usage of a long-term intervention.

Metabolic, ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to FES-cycling: A comparison to NMES and passive cycling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Murillo Frazão ◽  
Luis Augusto Werlang ◽  
Cássio Azevedo ◽  
Adelar Kunz ◽  
Maikel Peltz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Medium Effect Size

BACKGROUND: Cyclergometry with functional electrical stimulation (FES-cycling) is a feasible method for rehabilitation. The concept is to promote exercise induced by depolarization of the motoneuron and muscular contraction. OBJECTIVE: To measure acute physiological responses to FES-cycling. METHODS: Retrospective study of data from ten healthy volunteers who performed FES-cycling, passive cycling and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) alone. Metabolic, ventilatory and cardiovascular parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Oxygen uptake enhanced 97 ± 15% during FES-cycling, with medium effect size compared to NMES and large effect size compared to passive cycling. Energy expenditure enhanced 102 ± 15% during FES-cycling, with medium effect size compared to NMES and large effect size compared to passive cycling. Minute ventilation enhanced 115 ± 26% during FES-cycling, with small effect size compared to NMES and medium effect size compared to passive cycling. Cardiac output enhanced 21 ± 4% during FES-cycling, with medium effect size compared to NMES and passive cycling. Arterial – mixed venous oxygen content difference enhanced 60 ± 8% during FES-cycling, with a medium effect size compared to NMES and large effect size compared to passive cycling. CONCLUSIONS: FES-cycling enhances metabolic, ventilatory and cardiovascular demands and the physiological responses are higher than NMES and passive cycling.

scholarly journals Workplace bullying in Serbia: The relation of self-labeling and behavioral experience with job-related behaviors

Psihologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Petrovic ◽  
Svetlana Cizmic ◽  
Milica Vukelic
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Negative Acts

Workplace bullying has been identified as a widespread problem in contemporary organizational research. The aim of the paper was to acquire theoretically based and comparable findings about workplace bullying in Serbia: to explore the behavioral experience and self-labeling approaches (applying the Negative Acts Questionnaire - Revised, NAQ-R) and their relationship with job-related behaviors. The sample comprised 1,998 employees. Prevalence rates of workplace bullying based on self-labeling and behavior experience approaches overlap significantly (70% of employees operationally identified as bullied had also labeled themselves as bullied). Both the self-labeling and behavioral experience approach showed significant correlations with job-related behaviors (perceived threat to a total job, absenteeism, intention to leave, and perceived productivity). Previously bullied, presently bullied and non-bullied employees differed significantly on all four job-related behaviors, with large effect size for the intention to leave and medium effect size for the perceived threat to a total job. The findings support combining self-labeling and behavioral experience approaches in workplace bullying research.

scholarly journals The statistical power analysis of tests used in animal breeding studies on lamb birth weight in Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
I. Doğan ◽  
N. Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Adequate Power ◽  
Birth Type

Abstract. This study aims on to evaluate the statistical power of 40 published articles in Turkey. In order to maintain consistency, only the most common statistical test (t-test) was power analysed, alpha was held at a uniform value of 0.05 and Cohen’s (1977) definitions of small, medium and large effect sizes were adopted. The Sample Power software was used in all analysis. A total of 40 articles, 24 of them include the gender effect and 16 of them include birth type effect on the birth weight of lambs, were used. An average power estimate for small effect size was 0.062 and 0.05, for medium effect size was 0.534 and 0.347 and for large effect size was 0.598 and 0.854. The statistical power appears to be adequate only for large effect size criteria in these studies. If 0.80 was taken as an adequate power, the results indicate, for gender and birth type factors that none of the studies had adequate power to detect a small effect size, % 57.1 for gender factors and % 83.3 for birth type did not have adequate power to detect a medium effect size, and % 60.9 for gender factor and % 28.2 for birth type factor did not have adequate power to detect even a large effect size. The application of the power analysis is recommended.

scholarly journals Fluctuations in National Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Shaul Kimhi ◽  
Yohanan Eshel ◽  
Hadas Marciano ◽  
Bruria Adini
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Frames

The current study measured national resilience (NR) in three different time frames during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel (N = 804). We investigated two main issues: first, the direction and extent of NR changes during the crisis, and second, the predictors of NR. The results show the following: (a) the average NR score declined significantly across the three repeated measures, with a medium-size effect. (b) Three of the four identified NR factors declined significantly across the three measurements: belief in the government and the prime minister (large effect size); belief in civil society; and patriotism (medium effect size); while trust in Israeli national institutions was the lowest and did not weaken significantly. (c) Analyzing the prediction of NR factors indicated that the levels of the three NR factors mainly reflected one’s political attitudes, sense of political and economic threats, rather than health threats. One conclusion concerns the importance of trust in leadership as the most sensitive component in the decline of national resilience following a crisis.

scholarly journals An Egocentric Network Contact Tracing Experiment: Testing Different Procedures to Elicit Contacts and Places

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Andrew Pilny ◽  
C. Joseph Huber
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
Survey Instruments

Contact tracing is one of the oldest social network health interventions used to reduce the diffusion of various infectious diseases. However, some infectious diseases like COVID-19 amass at such a great scope that traditional methods of conducting contact tracing (e.g., face-to-face interviews) remain difficult to implement, pointing to the need to develop reliable and valid survey approaches. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of three different egocentric survey methods for extracting contact tracing data: (1) a baseline approach, (2) a retrieval cue approach, and (3) a context-based approach. A sample of 397 college students were randomized into one condition each. They were prompted to anonymously provide contacts and populated places visited from the past four days depending on what condition they were given. After controlling for various demographic, social identity, psychological, and physiological variables, participants in the context-based condition were significantly more likely to recall more contacts (medium effect size) and places (large effect size) than the other two conditions. Theoretically, the research supports suggestions by field theory that assume network recall can be significantly improved by activating relevant activity foci. Practically, the research contributes to the development of innovative social network data collection methods for contract tracing survey instruments.

The effect of midodrine on lactate clearance in patients with septic shock: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effat Davoudi-Monfared ◽  
Mostafa Mohammadi ◽  
Meysam Khoshavi ◽  
Hossein Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
To Receive

Background: The effect of midodrine on lactate clearance has not been assessed in critically ill patients yet. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of adjunctive midodrine therapy on lactate clearance in patients with septic shock. Materials & methods: Patients with septic shock were assigned to receive either adjunctive midodrine 10 mg three-times a day for 5 days (midodrine group = 15 patients) or not (control group = 13 patients). Results: The lactate clearance was significantly faster in the midodrine group than the control group (p = 0.049) with a large effect size ([Formula: see text] = 0.141). Conclusion: When midodrine was added to intravenous vasopressors, it significantly accelerated lactate clearance in patients with septic shock. Trial registration number: IRCT20100228003449N25 (Clinicaltrials.gov).

scholarly journals Effect sizes and test-retest reliability of the fMRI-based Neurologic Pain Signature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Han ◽  
Yoni K. Ashar ◽  
Philip Kragel ◽  
Bogdan Petre ◽  
Victoria Schelkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Pain Reports ◽  
Nociceptive Input ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Identifying biomarkers that predict mental states with large effect sizes and high test-retest reliability is a growing priority for fMRI research. We examined a well-established multivariate brain measure that tracks pain induced by nociceptive input, the Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS). In N = 295 participants across eight studies, NPS responses showed a very large effect size in predicting within-person single-trial pain reports (d = 1.45) and medium effect size in predicting individual differences in pain reports (d = 0.49, average r = 0.20). The NPS showed excellent short-term (within-day) test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84, with average 69.5 trials/person). Reliability scaled with the number of trials within-person, with ≥60 trials required for excellent test-retest reliability. Reliability was comparable in two additional studies across 5-day (N = 29, ICC = 0.74, 30 trials/person) and 1-month (N = 40, ICC = 0.46, 5 trials/person) test-retest intervals. The combination of strong within-person correlations and only modest between-person correlations between the NPS and pain reports indicates that the two measures have different sources of between-person variance. The NPS is not a surrogate for individual differences in pain reports, but can serve as a reliable measure of pain-related physiology and mechanistic target for interventions.

L2 writing development through two types of writing task repetition

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsushi Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Writing Development ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Argumentative Essays ◽  
Task Types ◽  
Writing Task ◽  
Measurement Period

Abstract This study investigated whether any remarkable effects emerge in terms of overall complexity, complexity by subordination, accuracy, and fluency in two types of writing task repetition during a single academic semester (16 weeks). The Cognition Hypothesis states that tasks involving different cognitive demands will lead to different L2 output. Thus, this study explored whether any significant differences existed between two task types: descriptive and argumentative essays. The results revealed different patterns in the two types of writing tasks. For the descriptive essays, despite the improvements in overall complexity, complexity by subordination, and fluency with a large effect size, no significant findings were confirmed for accuracy. In contrast, in the argumentative essays, the learners improved all the linguistic aspects, but with a medium effect size. This study also unraveled developmental trajectories to demonstrate how different variables interacted in the two different types of writing tasks throughout the measurement period.

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