L2 writing development through two types of writing task repetition

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsushi Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Writing Development ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Argumentative Essays ◽  
Task Types ◽  
Writing Task ◽  
Measurement Period

Abstract This study investigated whether any remarkable effects emerge in terms of overall complexity, complexity by subordination, accuracy, and fluency in two types of writing task repetition during a single academic semester (16 weeks). The Cognition Hypothesis states that tasks involving different cognitive demands will lead to different L2 output. Thus, this study explored whether any significant differences existed between two task types: descriptive and argumentative essays. The results revealed different patterns in the two types of writing tasks. For the descriptive essays, despite the improvements in overall complexity, complexity by subordination, and fluency with a large effect size, no significant findings were confirmed for accuracy. In contrast, in the argumentative essays, the learners improved all the linguistic aspects, but with a medium effect size. This study also unraveled developmental trajectories to demonstrate how different variables interacted in the two different types of writing tasks throughout the measurement period.

scholarly journals An Egocentric Network Contact Tracing Experiment: Testing Different Procedures to Elicit Contacts and Places

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Andrew Pilny ◽  
C. Joseph Huber
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
Survey Instruments

Contact tracing is one of the oldest social network health interventions used to reduce the diffusion of various infectious diseases. However, some infectious diseases like COVID-19 amass at such a great scope that traditional methods of conducting contact tracing (e.g., face-to-face interviews) remain difficult to implement, pointing to the need to develop reliable and valid survey approaches. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of three different egocentric survey methods for extracting contact tracing data: (1) a baseline approach, (2) a retrieval cue approach, and (3) a context-based approach. A sample of 397 college students were randomized into one condition each. They were prompted to anonymously provide contacts and populated places visited from the past four days depending on what condition they were given. After controlling for various demographic, social identity, psychological, and physiological variables, participants in the context-based condition were significantly more likely to recall more contacts (medium effect size) and places (large effect size) than the other two conditions. Theoretically, the research supports suggestions by field theory that assume network recall can be significantly improved by activating relevant activity foci. Practically, the research contributes to the development of innovative social network data collection methods for contract tracing survey instruments.

scholarly journals Effect sizes and test-retest reliability of the fMRI-based Neurologic Pain Signature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Han ◽  
Yoni K. Ashar ◽  
Philip Kragel ◽  
Bogdan Petre ◽  
Victoria Schelkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Pain Reports ◽  
Nociceptive Input ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Identifying biomarkers that predict mental states with large effect sizes and high test-retest reliability is a growing priority for fMRI research. We examined a well-established multivariate brain measure that tracks pain induced by nociceptive input, the Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS). In N = 295 participants across eight studies, NPS responses showed a very large effect size in predicting within-person single-trial pain reports (d = 1.45) and medium effect size in predicting individual differences in pain reports (d = 0.49, average r = 0.20). The NPS showed excellent short-term (within-day) test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84, with average 69.5 trials/person). Reliability scaled with the number of trials within-person, with ≥60 trials required for excellent test-retest reliability. Reliability was comparable in two additional studies across 5-day (N = 29, ICC = 0.74, 30 trials/person) and 1-month (N = 40, ICC = 0.46, 5 trials/person) test-retest intervals. The combination of strong within-person correlations and only modest between-person correlations between the NPS and pain reports indicates that the two measures have different sources of between-person variance. The NPS is not a surrogate for individual differences in pain reports, but can serve as a reliable measure of pain-related physiology and mechanistic target for interventions.

Work satisfaction and burnout risk of gastroenterologists in Germany: results of a nationwide survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 960-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Christian Adarkwah ◽  
Joachim Labenz ◽  
Berndt Birkner ◽  
UIrike Beilenhoff ◽  
Oliver Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Federal Organization ◽  
Burnout Risk

Abstract Background More and more gastroenterologists are not satisfied with their working conditions and run the risk of developing burnout symptoms. Little is known about the job satisfaction and burnout risk among physicians working in endoscopy units in Germany. This study examines the risk of burnout and job satisfaction among gastroenterologists in Germany. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to gastroenterologists organized mainly in the Federal Organization of Gastroenterology in Germany (BVGD, Berufsverband Gastroenterologie Deutschland e. V.). In addition to general demographic variables, job satisfaction was determined using the Work Satisfaction Questionnaires (WSQ), and burnout risk was determined using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results A representative sample of gastroenterologists organized in the BVGD (Berufsverband Gastroenterologie Deutschland e. V.) took part in the study (n = 683, 22 %). Above all, we could demonstrate relevant differences with regard to burnout risk and job satisfaction depending on the place of work, clinic structure, position in the clinic, and age. Younger physicians had significantly higher depersonalization (p < 0.001) and exhaustion scores (p < 0.001) with almost medium and small effect sizes (δt = 0.45 and −0.31). The higher the position in the clinic, the higher the accomplishment scores (medium effect size 0.27). Older physicians were especially more satisfied in the areas of patient care (p < 0.001, medium effect size δt = −0.53). Employed doctors show a higher level of satisfaction in terms of “burden” compared to practice owners (p < 0.001, δt = −0.69). Compared to norms used in the EGPRN study which were adapted to physicians, almost one-third of our sample had high depersonalization scores, about 17 % had high exhaustion scores, and about half had low personal accomplishment scores showing a higher general burden among German gastroenterologists. Conclusion Decreased work satisfaction and risk of burnout are important issues among German gastroenterologists. Specific actions should address this problem in order to avoid negative consequences, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of training in Autism on inclusive practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Dympna Nolan ◽  
Elizabeth Fraser Selkirk Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Inclusive Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Sector Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of training on educational staff attitudes, sentiments, concerns and efficacy in providing support for children with Autism in mainstream settings. Design/methodology/approach The investigation adopted a pre-test/post-test, quasi-experimental, within-subject research design. In total, 35 early years educators, teachers and pupil support assistants from one Scottish Local Authority (LA) undertook training delivered by the LA’s Communication and Language Outreach Service. Measures included the Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised (SACIE-R) scale and the teacher efficacy for inclusive practices (TEIP) scale pre and post-training. Post-training participants completed a questionnaire employing open and closed questions to assess perceived usefulness of training, application of knowledge and effectiveness of the teaching strategies. Findings Combining data from the three sectors there was a significant change in staff efficacy for inclusive practices (z=−3.406, p=0.001, p<0.05, with a medium effect size r=0.41) although there were differences between the sectors. There was a significant change in SACIE-R total scores (z=−3.945, p=0.000, p<0.05; with a medium effect size r=0.47), sentiments (z=−2.763, p=0.006, p<0.05; with a medium effect size r=0.33) and concerns (z=−3.685, p=0.000, p<0.05; with a medium effect size of r=0.44) subscale scores for the combined sector data. There was no significant change in the attitudes subscale scores for the combined sector data (z=−1.106, p=2.69, p>0.05; with a small effect size r=0.13) although there were differences between the sectors. Research limitations/implications Limitations include: small sample size, minor differences in the training in different sectors, purposeful sampling, use of questionnaire post-training, variability of completion of SCAIE-R and TEIP post-training. Originality/value There appears to be limited research into inclusive practices for children with Autism in the UK context, which this study aims to address.

Effects of Acupressure on Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen W H Au ◽  
Hector W H Tsang ◽  
Paul P M Ling ◽  
Christie H T Leung ◽  
P K Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective To evaluate the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quantify the effects of acupressure on anxiety among adults. Methodology RCTs published between January 1997 and February 2014, comparing acupressure with sham control, were identified from the databases Science Citation Index/Social Sciences Citation Index, Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO. Meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed and the magnitude of the overall effect size was calculated for the anxiety outcome. Revised STRICTA (the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture) criteria were used to appraise the acupressure procedures, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Results Of 39 potentially relevant studies, seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria for review while five studies met the criteria for meta-analysis. All studies reported the positive effect of acupressure on relieving anxiety from the anticipation of surgery or treatment. EX-HN3 ( Yintang), HT7 ( Shenmen) were the commonest points selected and two studies used bilateral points. The acupressure procedure was generally well reported and studies had a low risk of bias. The combined results of the five trials showed a greater overall reduction in anxiety in the acupressure group than in the sham controls (standardised mean differences (SMD)=−1.11; 95% CI −1.61 to −0.61; p<0.0001 heterogeneity: I2=75%; χ2=16.17; p=0.003; r=0.485). Conclusions Acupressure seems to be effective in providing immediate relief of pretreatment anxiety among adults, and has a medium effect size. However, conflicting results were found for the improvements on physiological indicators. More rigorous reporting, including allocation concealment procedure, is needed to strengthen the results.

When the Eye Listens: A Meta-analysis of How Audio-visual Presentation Enhances the Appreciation of Music Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Platz ◽  
Reinhard Kopiez
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Visual Music ◽  
Medium Effect Size

the visual component of music performance as experienced in a live concert is of central importance for the appreciation of music performance. However, up until now the influence of the visual component on the evaluation of music performance has remained unquantified in terms of effect size estimations. Based on a meta-analysis of 15 aggregated studies on audio-visual music perception (total N = 1,298), we calculated the average effect size of the visual component in music performance appreciation by subtracting ratings for the audio-only condition from those for the audio-visual condition. The outcome focus was on evaluation ratings such as liking, expressiveness, or overall quality of musical performances. For the first time, this study reveals an average medium effect size of 0.51 standard deviations — Cohen's d; 95% CI (0.42, 0.59) — for the visual component. Consequences for models of intermodal music perception and experimental planning are addressed.

scholarly journals A Dietary Mobile App for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Prospective Pilot Study to Improve Dietary Intakes

10.2196/17817 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e17817
Author(s):  
Cosette Fakih El Khoury ◽  
Rik Crutzen ◽  
Jos M G A Schols ◽  
Ruud J G Halfens ◽  
Mirey Karavetian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Prospective Pilot Study ◽  
Medium Effect Size

Background Mobile technology has an impact on the health care sector, also within dietetics. Mobile health (mHealth) apps may be used for dietary assessment and self-monitoring, allowing for real-time reporting of food intakes. Changing eating behaviors is quite challenging, and patients undergoing hemodialysis, particularly, struggle to meet the target intakes set by dietary guidelines. Usage of mobile apps that are developed in a person-centered approach and in line with recommendations may support both patients and health care practitioners. Objective This study is a pilot that aims at estimating the potential efficacy of a dietary intervention using a theory-based, person-centered smartphone app. Results will be used to improve both the app and a planned large-scale trial intended to assess app efficacy thoroughly. Methods A prospective pilot study was performed at the hemodialysis unit of Al Qassimi Hospital (The Emirate of Sharjah). All patients that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were considered eligible to be enrolled in the pilot study. Upon successful installation of the app, users met with a dietitian once a week. Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0) and 2 weeks post app usage (T1). This pilot is reported as per guidelines for nonrandomized pilot and feasibility studies and in line with the CONSORT 2010 checklist for reporting pilot or feasibility trials. Results A total of 23 patients completed the pilot intervention. Mean energy intakes increased from 24.4 kcal/kg/day (SD 8.0) to 29.1 kcal/kg/day (SD 7.8) with a medium effect size (d=0.6, 95% CI 0.0-1.2). Mean protein intakes increased from 0.9 g/kg/day (SD 0.3) to 1.3 g/kg/day (SD 0.5) with a large effect size (d=1.0, 95% CI 0.4-1.6); mean intake of high biological value (%HBV) proteins also increased from 58.6% (SD 10.1) to 70.1% (SD 10.7) with a large effect size (d=1.1, 95% CI 0.5-1.7). Dietary intakes of minerals did not change, apart from sodium which decreased from a mean intake of 2218.8 mg/day (SD 631.6) to 1895.3 mg/day (SD 581.0) with a medium effect size (d=0.5, 95% CI 0.1-1.1). Mean serum phosphorus, potassium, and albumin levels did not change relevantly. Mean serum iron increased from 7.9 mg/dL (SD 2.8) to 11.5 mg/dL (SD 7.9) postintervention with a medium effect size (d=0.6, 95% CI 0.0-1.2). Conclusions This pilot study showed that the KELA.AE app has the potential to improve dietary intakes. Processes related to procedure, resources, tools, and app improvement for a future trial were assessed. A more extended intervention using a randomized controlled trial is required to estimate parameters concerning app efficacy accurately.

scholarly journals Effect of novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection on chronic kidney disease G1-G5, G5 Dialysis and G5 Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Shamekhi Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: The pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease that causes lethal disease and multiorgan failure. The aim of this research is to investigate association between covid-19 infection and kidney dysfunction.Methods and materials: In this retrospective study, sixty-eight patients with kidney dysfunction and covid-19 infection were investigated. Clinical features, laboratory data at initial presentation, management and outcomes were collected.The paper has written based on searching PubMed Central and Google Scholar to identify potentially relevant articles. Median, percentage, mean ± standard deviation (SD), two-tailed t and chi-square and Cohen᾽s-d tests were used for statistical analyses. Moreover, relative risk, odds ratio, pearson᾽s correlation for statistical analyses were used. Results: The average age of patients at time of diagnosis in covid-19 nephropathy was 52.04 ± 14.42 years (ranging from 24 years to 88 years). There was not statistical significance correlation between lymphocytopenia and serum creatinine (SCr) in covid-19 nephropathy (R2=0.063; p-value= 0.33). Effect size of elevated IL-6 on decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in covid-19 nephropathy was assessed 0.656 (medium effect size). Relative risk and odds ratio of acute kidney disease (AKD) in covid-19 nephropathy were assessed 0.57 and 0.4, respectively (p-value: 0.422). Correlation between SCr changes and time of emergent AKI (acute kidney injury), AKD and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was assessed with R2 of 0.0003 and p-value of 0.94 (not significant). Conclusion: The present study revealed medium effect size of elevated IL-6 on decreased eGFR. Future clinical research is required for investigating novel unknown findings in covid-19 nephropathy.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Feedback Modalities on Swimming Pace: Which Feedback Modality is Most Effective?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Altavilla ◽  
Roberto Cejuela ◽  
Pablo Caballero-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
The Real ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Feedback Modalities ◽  
Split Time

Abstract To compare the effect of three different feedback modalities on swimming pace, sixteen male swimmers and triathletes participated in this study. Each participant swam 3 x 400 m, one for each feedback modality, swimming front crawl at 80% of their individual swimming critical speed. Three feedback modalities were examined: self-pacing, real time visual feedback and real time voice feedback. The swimmers adopted a fast start in all feedback modalities. In the real time voice feedback modality, the data recorded during the second lap (200 m) showed a significant improvement of their swimming pace approaching the swimming pace intended (-1.47 s, p < .01, medium effect size 0.79). A significant improvement toward the swimming pace intended was also noticed at the third split time (300 m) (0.05 s, p < .01, large effect size 0.81) and at the fourth split time (400 m) (0.46 s, p < .01, medium effect size 0.76). In self-pacing, the swimmers were not able to swim in line with the swimming pace intended. In real time visual feedback modality, the swimmers did not show a significant improvement approaching the swimming pace intended. The results revealed that communication with the swimmers using the real time voice feedback induced a significant improvement in their swimming pace and could help the athletes to swim with accurate and consistent pace.

A-53 The Relationship between Age and TMT-A Performance in Patients with Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1095
Author(s):  
Nicholas S Lackey ◽  
Natasha Nemanim ◽  
Alexander O Hauson ◽  
Eric J Connors ◽  
Anna Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective A previous meta-analysis utilized the Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) to measure the impact of heart failure (HF) on attention. A near medium effect size with moderate heterogeneity was observed, the HF group performed worse than healthy controls (HC). This study explores if the age of the HF group moderates differences in the performance of individuals with HF versus HC on TMT-A. Data Selection Two researchers searched eight databases, extracted data, and calculated effect sizes as part of a larger study. Inclusion criteria were: (a) adults with HF (New York Heart Association severity II or higher), (b) comparison to a HC group, (c) standardized neuropsychological/cognitive testing, and (d) adequate data to calculate effect sizes. Exclusion criteria were: (a) participants had other types of major organ failure, (b) the article was not in English, or (c) there was a risk of sample overlap with another included study. A total of six articles were included in this sub-study (Total HF n = 602 and HC n = 342). The unrestricted maximum likelihood computational model was used for the meta-regression. Data Synthesis Studies included in the meta-regression evidenced a statistically significant medium effect size estimate with moderate heterogeneity (k = 6, g = 0.636, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 56.85%). The meta-regression was statistically significant (slope = −0.0515, p = 0.0016, Qmodel = 9.86, df = 1, p = 0.0016). Conclusions Individuals with HF performed worse on the TMT-A than HC. Age accounted for a significant proportion of the observed heterogeneity in the meta-regression. Future research should examine the relationship of age on cognition in individuals with HF.

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