scholarly journals Learning Impact of a Virtual Brain Electrical Activity Simulator Among Neurophysiology Students: Mixed-Methods Intervention Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Henrik Björn ◽  
Jonne MM Laurila ◽  
Werner Ravyse ◽  
Jari Kukkonen ◽  
Sanna Leivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND Virtual simulation is the re-creation of reality depicted on a computer screen. It offers the possibility to exercise motor and psychomotor skills. In biomedical and medical education, there is an attempt to find new ways to support students’ learning in neurophysiology. Traditionally, recording electroencephalography (EEG) has been learned through practical hands-on exercises. To date, virtual simulations of EEG measurements have not been used. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the development of students’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the EEG measurement when using a virtual EEG simulator in biomedical laboratory science in the context of a neurophysiology course. METHODS A computer-based EEG simulator was created. The simulator allowed virtual electrode placement and EEG graph interpretation. The usefulness of the simulator for learning EEG measurement was tested with 35 participants randomly divided into three equal groups. Group 1 (experimental group 1) used the simulator with fuzzy feedback, group 2 (experimental group 2) used the simulator with exact feedback, and group 3 (control group) did not use a simulator. The study comprised pre- and posttests on theoretical knowledge and practical hands-on evaluation of EEG electrode placement. RESULTS The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the two groups that utilized a computer-based electrode placement simulator showed significant improvement in both theoretical knowledge (Z=1.79, <i>P</i>=.074) and observed practical skills compared with the group that studied without a simulator. CONCLUSIONS Learning electrode placement using a simulator enhances students’ ability to place electrodes and, in combination with practical hands-on training, increases their understanding of EEG measurement.

scholarly journals Learning Impact of a Virtual Brain Electrical Activity Simulator Among Neurophysiology Students: Mixed-Methods Intervention Study

10.2196/18768 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e18768
Author(s):  
Marko Henrik Björn ◽  
Jonne MM Laurila ◽  
Werner Ravyse ◽  
Jari Kukkonen ◽  
Sanna Leivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Background Virtual simulation is the re-creation of reality depicted on a computer screen. It offers the possibility to exercise motor and psychomotor skills. In biomedical and medical education, there is an attempt to find new ways to support students’ learning in neurophysiology. Traditionally, recording electroencephalography (EEG) has been learned through practical hands-on exercises. To date, virtual simulations of EEG measurements have not been used. Objective This study aimed to examine the development of students’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the EEG measurement when using a virtual EEG simulator in biomedical laboratory science in the context of a neurophysiology course. Methods A computer-based EEG simulator was created. The simulator allowed virtual electrode placement and EEG graph interpretation. The usefulness of the simulator for learning EEG measurement was tested with 35 participants randomly divided into three equal groups. Group 1 (experimental group 1) used the simulator with fuzzy feedback, group 2 (experimental group 2) used the simulator with exact feedback, and group 3 (control group) did not use a simulator. The study comprised pre- and posttests on theoretical knowledge and practical hands-on evaluation of EEG electrode placement. Results The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the two groups that utilized a computer-based electrode placement simulator showed significant improvement in both theoretical knowledge (Z=1.79, P=.074) and observed practical skills compared with the group that studied without a simulator. Conclusions Learning electrode placement using a simulator enhances students’ ability to place electrodes and, in combination with practical hands-on training, increases their understanding of EEG measurement.

Second language articulatory training and computer-generated feedback in L2 pronunciation improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-209
Author(s):  
Meisam Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Generalization Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acoustic Feedback ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

This paper investigates the efficacy of articulatory training and acoustic feedback on Persian L2 learners’ production of English segmental (/ɒ/). A sample of 30 Persian ESL learners was recruited- 10 learners were randomly assigned to the experimental group 1, 10 to the experimental group 2, and 10 to the control group. Over a five-week period, the experimental group 1 received training on the manner of articulation of the segment, the experimental group 2 received acoustic-articulatory training and was exposed to CALL software for receiving feedback, and the control group was only exposed to auditory input. The groups were given a pretest, an immediate posttest, and a generalization test. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in the performance of the participants in both the posttest and the generalization test in the experimental group 2. These findings suggest the inefficiency of the mere knowledge of the manner of articulation of the segment and lend support to the feasibility of using acoustic features of sounds and computer-based, learner-centred programs for second language segmental acquisition.

scholarly journals Education and Music Culture in the Context of Web 2.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Vira Revenko
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Academic Anxiety ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Deep Integration ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Total digitalization of culture requires the extensive integration of Web 2.0 ser-vices and capabilities into music education. The penetration of digital technologies is not reduced to the technologies for fixing and distributing musical works or the means of their broadcasting but also dramatically transforms the process of creat-ing musical works. Web 2.0 offers a new distributed creativity culture and pro-vides musicians with specific opportunities to work and distribute creative prod-ucts. The study is devoted to the integration of music education and the services and opportunities that Web 2.0 provides to the mass audience (free specialized and non-specialized services), its impact on the quality of music education, as well as on the most important psychological parameters of students of music uni-versities. The study involved 150 students of R. Glier Kyiv Municipal Academy of Music (Kyiv, Ukraine); there were three groups of 50 participants: two exper-imental groups and a control one. In Experimental Group 1, training was partially integrated with Web 2.0 services; in Experimental Group 2, there was a more complete and structured integration. Based on the results of semester training and the objective test scores, a significant increase in the results of experimental groups was observed (an increase by 1.3 points in Group 1 and 2.84 points in Group 2 on a 5-point scale); Group 2 demonstrated a more significant improve-ment. The subjective assessment of the level of involvement, motivation and anx-iety showed a statistically significant decrease in academic anxiety in the experi-mental groups (2.99 and 2.01 compared to 3.98 in the control group, respective-ly) and a statistically significant increase in motivation and involvement in the group with deep integration of Web 2.0 services (Experimental Group 2). The hypothesis of the study that deep integration of Web 2.0 services and capabilities into music education will increase objective academic results, motivation and stu-dent involvement has been fully confirmed. It has also been revealed that it helps students reduce academic anxiety. The research results can be used as a basis for further research and in the course of the development of music education curricu-la based on online learning, mobile learning and the integration of music learning into a digital environment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Buah Alpukat dan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Terhadap Perawatan Rambut Rontok

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Syannaz Rizka Usman ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Excessive hair loss will cause baldness. It can will influence someone’s confidence. that is why, hair loss treatment is needed to be done. One of them is by using avocados and VCO. They have good function to stimulate hair growth and make them healthier. This study aims to analyze the effect of avocados and VCO toward hair loss treatment. The research was done by observing the mount of hair loss everyday. this study was conducted with a quasi-experimental method with a quasi exsperiment to explain the influence of using avocados and VCO on the treatment of hair loss. The research subjects were a collection of women who lived in the Parak Laweh area of ​​Lubuk Begalung subdistrict which improved hair loss at the level of 40-100 strands per day. The sample in this study amounted to 12 people used by the technique of taking documentation and interviews. This study consisted of 4 different groups, namely the control group (X0), experimental group 1 (X1), experimental group 2 (X2), and experimental group 3 (X3).The data gathered is primary data. It is directly taken from samples that fill in the research format provided. Data analysis using analysis of variance (anava) and continued with Duncan test, the results of this study show a significant difference in the indicator of the amount of hair detached from the scalp with the number of strands of hair falling after treatment in the control group (X0) (80.50), experimental group 1 (X1) (60.50), experimental group 2 (X2) (58.83) and experimental group 3 (X3) (58.67). So it can be said that for the indicator of the amount of hair loss in the experimental group did not show a statistically significant difference, but there was a significant difference in the treatment of hair loss in the control group. Keywords: hair loss, avocados, VCO

scholarly journals Does Unilateral Thyroid Cancer Affect The Malignant Risk Of Contralateral Thyroid Nodules?-A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Jun Jin ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Zhongmin Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Abstract BackgroundThe incidence of thyroid nodules increased significantly, but the mortality rate of thyroid cancer remained stable or even decreased. However, surgical treatment of thyroid nodules is more aggressive, including the number and scope of surgery. the purpose of our study was to evaluate whether unilateral thyroid nodules affect the malignancy risk of contralateral thyroid nodules. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on all patients with thyroid nodules in a tertiary hospital within one year. Unilateral and bilateral thyroid nodules were the control group and the experimental group, respectively. Based on the TI-RADS grades, the experimental group and the control group were divided into two subgroups. We used chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to evaluate whether there were statistical differences in the incidence and pathological types of thyroid cancer between the experimental group and the control group. Results Our study showed that there was no significant difference in malignant risk between the experimental group 1 and the control group 1, and the experimental group 2 and the control group 2 (20%vs35%, p=0.724, 63.16%vs76.32%, p=0.297, respectively). Both the a-side thyroid of the experimental group and the control group were papillary thyroid carcinoma, including micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, and there was no difference in the proportion of micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (p = 0.200, 0.620, respectively). Conclusions There is no evidence that bilateral thyroid nodules affect each other in terms of malignant risk, that is, in bilateral thyroid nodules, unilateral thyroid cancer does not change the malignant risk of contralateral thyroid nodules.This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2000038611, registration time: 2020-09-26.

scholarly journals Comparison of the rate of claw horn growth and wear and sole thickness in dairy cattle housed in a free stall barn with concrete and rubber flooring

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarel Van Amstel ◽  
Charles Young ◽  
Clare Scully ◽  
Barton Rohrbach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horn Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Concrete Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Background. Thin soles and resulting lameness in cows are often due to abrasive walking surfaces that cause increased wear. The aim of this project was to compare horn growth and wear and sole thickness in cows kept on rubber mats versus concrete in a free-stall barn. Methods. To examine horn growth and wear and sole thickness, we examined two groups (Group 1 kept on concrete [control] and Group 2 on rubber mats) of 12 cows each at 2-week intervals over a 12-week period. The 12 cows in each group were selected to achieve equal parity in each group, as follows: four cows, parity 1; four cows, parity 2; two cows, parity 3; and two cows, parity 4. The four cows from the parity 1 group had the most days in milk in the herd irrespective of milk production. The remaining eight cows had the fewest days in milk (most recently calved) irrespective of milk production. Results. Cows in the control group had a significant increase in claw horn growth over the study period, compared to the control group. Most of this difference in horn growth occurred during the first 2 weeks of the study. There was no significant difference in claw horn wear and sole thickness at 2 weeks or at the end of the study. There was, however, a non-significant difference in wear between cows in the 2 groups at the end of the study, with cows in the control group showing most wear. Cows in the experimental group exhibited significant increases in all parameters (claw length, wear, and growth; sole thickness) when measured at the beginning and end of the trial, whereas cows in the control group showed a significant increase in claw length and sole thickness.Discussion. These findings suggest that there was a compensatory increase in horn production in response to accelerated claw horn wear in the control group. Statistical significance in wear might have been attained between groups at the end of the study if the study had continued over a longer period.

scholarly journals INSTRUMENTAL AND LABORATORY STUDY OF JAW MINERALIZATION LEVEL IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH ESTROGEN IMBALANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 819-827
Author(s):  
Leonid D. Chulak, Oleksandr S. Barylo, Nataliia G. Gadzhula Georgij M. Varava, Ruslan L. Furman*, Kyryl V. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Demineralization ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tomography Method ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Prevention of dental caries and non-carious lesions associated withdemineralizing effect of estrogen imbalance in perimenopause women isrelevant problem in modern dentistry.The aim: To improve the effectiveness of prevention of caries and non-cariouslesions in female patients with estrogen imbalance.Materials and methods: 3 groups of patients were selected for the study (20women in each): the patients of the control group receiving no additionaltreatment, the patients of experimental group 1 receiving general therapy withcomplex calcium supplements, the patients of experimental group 2 receivinggeneral therapy of complex calcium medicines combined withaminobisphosphonates.To quantify bone density of the jaws by computed tomography method, X-rayattenuation scale, called the Hounsfield scale was used. Bone tissues of the jawswere studied using 3D cone beam computed tomography scanner PlanmecaProMax. Planmeca Romexis® software was used for data processing andinterpretation. Estrogen level was estimated in all patients to confirm itsimbalance. The level of serum acid phosphatase was determined for indirectstudy of osteoporosis degree.Results: At the beginning of the research, significant bone demineralization andincreased level of acidic phosphatase were observed in all groups of women. In6 months of treatment the Hounsfield index and the level of acidic phosphatasein the control group were almost unchanged; in experimental group 1 – 1571±44 HU and 4.93 ± 0.26 IU/l; in experimental group 2 – 1701±48 HU and 2.43± 0.18 IU/l.Conclusions: Combination therapy consisting of calcium phosphate withvitamin D3 and aminobisphosphonates used for 6 months increased bonemineralization by 13.05% and reduced the activity of acid phosphatase by64.2%. This therapeutic complex results in decreased destruction of bone tissueand enhances remineralization of bone tissue and dental hard tissues.Key words: teeth mineralization, osteoporosis, estrogen dysfunction, Hounsfieldindex.

scholarly journals Sanjin Tablets for Acute Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection (Syndrome of Dampness-Heat in the Lower Jiao): Protocol for Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Control of Positive Drug, Multicentre Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lv ◽  
Yan-ming Xie ◽  
Zhan Gao ◽  
Jian-wu Shen ◽  
Yue-yi Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Parallel Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Lower Urinary

Abstract Background Acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections. Patients usually present with dysuria, urinary urgency, urinary frequency and suprapubic pain or tenderness. Approximately 150 million people are diagnosed with UTI each year worldwide. The high recurrence rate of lower UTI is a common problem of clinical treatment. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a number of resistant bacterial strains. Thus, traditional Chinese medicine is considered as an alternative option for treating acute uncomplicated lower UTI. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of Sanjin tablets (SJT) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore whether SJT can reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI. Methods/Design In this study, a randomized, double blind, double dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multicentre clinical study will be established. A total of 252 patients with acute uncomplicated lower UTI (syndrome of dampness-heat in the lower jiao) will be randomly allocated in the ratio of 1:1:1 to three groups: experimental group, control group 1 and control group 2. The experimental group receives Sanjin tablets plus levofloxacin tablets (LT) placebo; the control group 1 receives LT plus SJT placebo; and the control group 2 receives SJT plus LT on the first 5 days, SJT plus LT placebo on the last 2 days. Each group will be treated for 7 days and followed-up for 1-2 times. The primary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are symptoms. Secondary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are the urine leukocyte, bacteriology examination and safety assessment. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after treatment. Discussion This study protocol will provide the research data of efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of SJT for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore the possibility of using SJT to reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics. The results of this study will improve the rational use of drugs, especially the rational application of antibiotics. It will also enable safety evaluation from laboratory indices and adverse events, which will provide reliable evidence for clinical treatment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Immediate and Delayed Corrective Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Mahtab Zadkhast ◽  
Majid Farahian
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

The present study investigated the impact of immediate and delayed corrective feedback on Iranian EFL learners’ willingness to communicate. To attain the purpose of the study, 45 females intermediate students that were roughly selected according to their previous grades and their assigned  level in language school were chosen to participate in this study. Then they were divided to three equal groups: Experimental group 1(immediate feedback), Experimental group 2 (delayed feedback) and control group. In the first session, WTC questionnaire (MacIntyre ,2001 modified by Pourya Baghaei and Ali Dourakhshan) was administered to all groups as pretests. In group 1 the students’ errors were corrected by the teacher immediately after committing but in the second group, the students’ errors were written by the teacher and her comments were given to them when they finished their tasks. For the control group, the routine procedure of New Headway intermediate was followed. After about 12 sessions WTC was repeated as posttests. The findings revealed that immediate and delayed corrective feedback have a significant effect on EFL students’ level of WTC. The results, also demonstrated that experimental group 1 (immediate feedback) outweighed the other two groups in relation to their WTC. The findings have implication for pedagogy as well as further research.

Relationship of Performance on Motor Activities and Reading Achievement

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley L. Bassin ◽  
Susan K. Breihan
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respective Group ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of specific motor activities on elementary school-aged children's reading achievement. The subjects were 33 boys and 33 girls in Grade 2 enrolled in the regular program. They were separated equally into one of three groups: Experimental group 1 participated in Frostig activities, Experimental group 2 read books selected for their grade level, while a control group followed the traditional school routine. The two experimental groups were children from predominantly Mexican-American descent; the control group was primarily of Caucasian descent. During the 20-wk. period, the subjects met with their respective group three times per week in 1/2-hr. sessions. The first and second experimental groups showed no significant improvement in reading achievement. It was concluded that the added motor activities did not enhance reading achievement.

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