scholarly journals One Welfare State for Europe: A Costly Utopia?

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hennessy ◽  
Thierry Warin
Keyword(s):  
Social Program ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Asymmetric Shocks ◽  
Pareto Optimum Solution ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Social Expenditures

This paper addresses the question of the social policy harmonization in the European Union. In adopting a common monetary policy, Europe is faced with structural and fiscal concerns, as national growth levels differ. Another possible factor in output shocks are the levels of various social expenditures in the member countries. OECD data on the level of social program expenditures in four EU countries will be compared to fluctuations in GDP growth to identify existing relationships. Significant relationships between independent social expenditure policy and GDP growth shocks suggest structural harmonization as an improvement if Europe is to take full advantage of the common market. However, the effects of expenditure levels may be easier to identify and predict than the dynamic effects of policy change. As the effects of future policy changes are more difficult to ascertain, harmonization may not consistently appear to be a Pareto-optimum solution to asymmetric shocks.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Motion Design and Task Scheduling for an Autonomous Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2853-2862
Author(s):  
Elias Xidias ◽  
Philip Azariadis
Keyword(s):  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Modified Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pareto Optimum Solution ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
And Task

AbstractThis paper describes an approach for designing an energy efficient motion and task scheduling for an autonomous vehicle which is moving in complicated environments in industrial sector or in large warehouses. The vehicle is requested to serve a number of workstations while moving safely and efficiently in the environment. In the proposed approach, the overall problem is formulated as a constraint optimization problem by using the Bump-Surface concept. Then, a Pareto-based multi- objective optimization strategy is adopted, and a modified genetic algorithm is developed to determine the Pareto optimum solution. The efficiency of the developed method is investigated and discussed through simulated experiments.

Fundamental Concepts for Product Designs Based on Pareto Optimum Solutions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Solution Sets ◽  
Pareto Optimum Solution ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Articulated Robots ◽  
Optimum Solution

This paper proposes fundamental concepts for goal-defined product designs, and practical methodologies for achieving optimal designs based these concepts. Also emphasized are the functions and significance of Pareto optimum solution sets in multi-objective optimizations during the execution of the proposed methodologies. Three main concepts for product design optimization are presented. First, the goal of the product design optimization is specified to obtain the best harmony of related (and often conflicting) characteristics, where Pareto optimum solution sets represent this harmony and more preferable degrees of harmony cause an increase in social profit. Second, to obtain design solutions that maximize the desired harmony, deeper level characteristics in the design optimization problem are derived based on simplification or decomposition of the usual surface level characteristics, and optimizations are initiated from these deeper levels where the most important and influential aspects of the design problems are easiest to recognize. The third concept entails the use of collaboration with specialist experts concerning the product characteristics, focusing on Pareto optimum solution sets obtained in deeper level optimizations, so that these experts can facilitate the development of more preferable results based on their own ideas and knowledge. The interrelationships between the second and third concepts are described and used to obtain globally optimal design solutions that have the highest degree of harmony for the required product design objectives. The proposed concepts and methodologies for product design optimizations are demonstrated using certain designs for articulated robots.

Concurrent Product Design Based on Simultaneous Processing of Design and Manufacturing Information by Utility Analysis

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yoshimura ◽  
Hideyuki Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Utility Analysis ◽  
Satisfactory Level ◽  
Pareto Optimum Solution ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Optimum Solution

Abstract A methodology for concurrent decision making of factors concerning product design and product manufacturing is proposed for obtaining better product designs from a wider global viewpoint of the product performance and the product manufacturing cost according to the concept of concurrent engineering. In this method, first, a function expressing the satisfactory level of the manufacturing division and a function expressing the satisfactory level of the design division are formulated for the product design being regarded. Then, an integrated higher ranking decision making utility function is formulated using these two satisfactory level functions by the utility analysis. Next, Pareto optimum solution sets of the two multiobjective optimization problems of maximization of the product performance and minimization of the product manufacturing cost are obtained for alternative product designs. Finally, on the Pareto optimum solution curves, the values of the integrated satisfactory levels are obtained and the most preferable design solution is selected. An applied example of this concurrent design procedure is given to demonstrate it’s effectiveness in comparison to a conventional design procedure.

Design Optimization Considering Flexibility for Working Environment Based on Information of Pareto Optimum Solution Curvatures

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yoshimura ◽  
Takatoshi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Pareto Optimum Solution ◽  
Optimum Solution

Abstract This paper presents design decision making methods considering flexibility for change in the working environment. In order to make a clear evaluation of the changes in the optimum levels of the product cost and product performance due to changes in the working environment, three objective design optimization problems are constructed having the three objectives of minimization of the product cost, maximization of the product performance and maximization of flexibility for the working environment. The Pareto optimum solution set forming a curvature is obtained for the evaluation. Then, a method for determining the preferable design solution using information from the Pareto optimum solution curvature is presented. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to design examples for demonstrating effectiveness.

Does environmental quality reflect on national competitiveness? The evidence from EU-15

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Obradović ◽  
Nemanja Lojanica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Two Parameters

The European Union has set the target that by 2020 harmful emissions and energy consumption should be reduced by 20% compared to the 1990s. This paper examines the impacts of environmental quality on two parameters of national competitiveness (exports and GDP per capita). The study focuses on the EU-15 countries and covers the period from 1960 to 2013. Even though the analyzed economies are developed countries which are the leaders in environment protection, they are still also the leading emitters of greenhouse gases. The paper uses traditional econometric techniques to test the relations between energy use, CO2 emissions, exports and GDP. The results show that the variables are co-integrated. In addition, energy-led growth hypothesis is valid in most of the analyzed economies. The results have also shown that increased CO2 emissions reduce economic activity and export performance. Finally, we will conclude that there are two tasks for future policy makers: first, to strengthen renewable-energy goals, and second, to adjust the economic structure towards less harmful emissions. In such circumstances, we could expect the economies to further develop clean technologies and to obtain their benefits for national competitiveness.

scholarly journals Legal and regulatory component of the state policy on formation of a healthy lifestyle in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
M. Korolova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Exercise Activity

The article described the regulatory component of the state policy on formation of a healthy lifestyle in Ukraine. After all, the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle requires special attention, both from scientists in the fields of pedagogy, psychology, law, physical culture and sports, philosophy, sociology, medicine, and from the public, mass media and every citizen of Ukraine. It is known that the critical situation, which led to the creation of unfavorable conditions for a healthy lifestyle of the population of Ukraine, due to the action of such factors as: imperfection of the health care system; low level of awareness of the value of health as equity; finding the vast majority of the population in conditions of socio-economic instability and the like. It was found out that the state policy on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in Ukraine is represented by laws and by-laws developed on their basis. It has been established that the resolution of specific issues of health and fitness activities of subjects of the sphere of physical culture and sports is also affected by legal acts of other sectors, in particular health, education, economics, etc. The basic regulatory documents aimed at implementing state policy on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in Ukraine are defined in particular, the Law of Ukraine “On Physical Culture and Sports”, the State target social program for the development of physical culture and sports for the period until 2020 and regional programs for the development of physical culture and sports, the state target social program “Youth of Ukraine” for 2016-2020 and the National a strategy for improving physical activity in Ukraine for the period up to 2025 "Physical activity - a healthy way of life - a healthy nation" and others. National strategies and recommendations for the health activity of different population groups have been adopted in the Member States of the European Union, USA, Canada, Australia, Japan. The purpose of the National Strategy for Healthy Movement Activity in Ukraine is to formulate in society the conditions for healthful exercise activity and healthy lifestyles for shaping the health of citizens as the highest social value in the country.

European Union in Counter-Crisis Competition of Power Centers: Potential, Realities, Hopes

2013 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
K. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Evolutionary Robustness ◽  
Power Centers ◽  
Macroeconomic Growth ◽  
The Eu

Despite the crisis, the economy of the European Union remains to be the largest in the world. The economic mechanism of the EU is rather differentiated. It has a great historical experience and possesses sufficient evolutionary robustness. Currently, the former relationships between the EU and the USA undergo substantial changes and new forms emerge. For both of them the greatest challenge is presented by China which in recent decades shows the solid rates of GDP growth. Supposedly, Chines economy will become the world largest on in the new future. Under such conditions the Old World has to conduct a persistent search for new sources of its successful macroeconomic growth.

Smooth Transitions and GDP Growth in the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Greenaway ◽  
Stephen Leybourne ◽  
David Sapsford
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Smooth Transitions
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