scholarly journals The Duration of Paid Parental Leave and Children's Scholastic Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Oskar Nordstrom Skans
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Intermediate Outcomes ◽  
Scholastic Performance ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
Child Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We study how the duration of paid parental leave affects the accumulation of cognitive skills among children. Using a reform which extended parental leave benefits from 12 to 15 months for Swedish children born after August 1988 we evaluate the effects of prolonged parental leave on children's test scores and grades at age 16. We show that, on average, the reform had no effect on children's scholastic performance. However, we do find positive effects for children of well-educated mothers, a result that is robust to a number of different specifications. We find no corresponding heterogeneity relative to parental earnings or fathers' education, or relative to other predictors of child performance. We find no effects on intermediate outcomes such as mothers' subsequent earnings, child health, parental fertility, divorce rates, or the mothers' mental health. Overall the results suggest positive causal interaction effects between mothers' education and the amount of time mothers spend with their children. Since the institutional context is one in which the alternative is subsidized day care, the results imply that subsidizing longer parental leave spells rather than day care reinforce the relationship between maternal education and school outcomes.

scholarly journals Parental Education and Offspring Outcomes: Evidence from the Swedish Compulsory School Reform

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Lundborg ◽  
Anton Nilsson ◽  
Dan-Olof Rooth
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Noncognitive Skills ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Positive Effects

We use the Swedish compulsory school reform to estimate the causal effect of parental education on sons’ outcomes. To this end, we use data from the Swedish military enlistment register on the entire population of males and consider outcomes, such as cognitive skills, noncognitive skills, and various dimensions of health at the age of 18. We find positive effects of maternal education on sons’ skills and health status but no effects of paternal education. One reason behind this result may be that the fathers affected by the reform did not face any labor market returns to their increased schooling. (JEL I21, J12, J24)

scholarly journals Executive Functions Training and Giftedness (Capacitatión en funciones ejecutivas y superdotación)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1005-1014
Author(s):  
Eirini Zoi Kontostavlou ◽  
Athanasios Drigas
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Executive Function Training ◽  
The Relationship

  The purpose of this article is to clarify the relationship between Executive Functions (EF) training and giftedness. In this paper we provide a literature review of condemnatory literature. Executive Functions are a set of cognitive skills considered as necessary for the cognitive control of behavior and they are important for self- regulation and adaptation. The proper functioning of the executive functions is associated with high IQ. Moreover, executive function training can be achieved by brain training programs, that aim to improve basic brain functions. Through education, various tasks are improved. Techniques that improve cognitive skills can benefit individuals with superior mental abilities and can be used as intervention techniques to improve and develop giftedness. The training of executive functions can be achieved through brain training. Brain training is a scientific field that has highly progressed over the last years and has offered extremely interesting results that lead to new developments in the field of giftedness. After analyzing what brain training is, we refer to the executive functions that can improve through brain training. Afterwards, we refer to brain training programs, which have had positive effects on the training of executive functions. Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es aclarar la relaciόn entre la formaciόn de funciones ejecutivas y la superdotación. En este artículo proporcionamos una revisión de la literatura condenatoria. Las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades cognitivas consideradas necesarias para el control cognitivo de la conducta y son importantes para la autorregulación y adaptación. El buen funcionamiento de las funciones ejecutivas está asociado a un alto coeficiente intelectual. Además, el entrenamiento de la función ejecutiva se puede lograr con programas de entrenamiento cerebral, que tienen como objetivo mejorar las funciones cerebrales básicas. A través de la educación, se mejoran varias tareas. Las técnicas que mejoran las habilidades cognitivas pueden beneficiar a las personas con capacidades mentales superiores y pueden utilizarse como técnicas de intervención para mejorar y desarrollar la superdotación. El entrenamiento de las funciones ejecutivas se puede lograr mediante el entrenamiento del cerebro. El Brain Training es un campo científico que ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años y ha ofrecido resultados sumamente interesantes que conducen a nuevos desarrollos en el campo de la superdotación. Tras analizar qué es el entrenamiento cerebral, nos referimos a las funciones ejecutivas que pueden mejorar mediante el entrenamiento cerebral. Posteriormente, nos referimos a los programas de entrenamiento cerebral, que han tenido efectos positivos en el entrenamiento de las funciones ejecutivas.

scholarly journals The Diffusion Mechanism of Megaproject Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Institutional Isomorphism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Delei Yang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Qingbin Cui ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Xian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mimetic Isomorphism

Megaproject citizenship behavior (MCB) has been confirmed to a play vital role on megaproject performance. Although current research has argued that institution elements have had an impact on MCB diffusion, limited studies have empirically investigated the distinct effectiveness of various institution elements on driving MCB’s widespread diffusion in construction megaprojects. Based on institution theory, this study proposes a theoretical model comprising institutional elements (i.e., normative and mimetic isomorphism), owner’s support, relationship-based trust, and their effect or impact on MCB’s diffusion. Based on 171 industrial questionnaires collected from managers of contractors and designers in megaprojects. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate the established model. The results indicated that both normative and mimetic isomorphism have positive effects on facilitating MCB diffusion, and owner’s support has shown partial mediation in promoting MCB diffusion through normative isomorphism, as well as full mediation in the promoting of MCB diffusion through mimetic isomorphism. Meanwhile, relationship-based trust exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between mimetic isomorphism and MCB. This study extends current literature on driving MCB diffusion from the perspective of institutional theory, contributing by providing four implications for megaprojects managers to “buy in” more extensive MCB.

A learning organization perspective on knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Li-Fen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Sharing knowledge and firm innovation are the crucial ways to sustain competitive advantage. This study builds a nested model to test the relationship between learning organization, knowledge-sharing behavior, and firm innovation. Data gathered from 254 employees were used to examine the relationship of the learning organization to employees' knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation. The results indicate that open-mindedness, shared vision and trust have positive effects on both knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation. While commitment to learning does not shows significant relationship on knowledge-sharing behavior and firm innovation. Communication has significance on firm innovation but not significance on knowledge-sharing behavior.

scholarly journals Sex Dolls in the Swedish Media Discourse: Intimacy, Sexuality, and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Björkas ◽  
Mariah Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSex dolls are a complex phenomenon with several diverse possible emotional, sexual and therapeutic uses. They can be part of a broad variety of sexual practices, and also function as a sexual aid. However, the media discourse on sex dolls first and foremost concerns how we perceive the relationship between intimacy and technology. A critical discourse analysis of the Swedish media discourse on sex dolls reveals six themes which dominate the discourse: (a) the definition of what a human being is; (b) a discourse on the (technological and existential) future; (c) a social effort; (d) a loveless phenomenon; (e) men’s violence against women; and (f) pedophilia. Accordingly, this discourse is very conservative and normative in its view of sexuality, technology, and humanity. Overall, the dominant themes do not provide any space for positive effects of technology on human sexuality, and if they do, it is usually as a substitute for something else.

scholarly journals How Does Suppliers’ Fairness Affect the Relationship Quality of Agricultural Product Supply Chains?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Sun ◽  
Zehua Liu ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Procedural Fairness ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distributive Fairness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although many studies have suggested that the relationship between different supply chain members significantly affects agricultural product quality, suppliers’ perceptions of fairness, which greatly influence their decisions on building the relationship quality, are often overlooked. Particularly, the empirical evidence to investigate the impacts of suppliers’ fairness on the relationship quality and the factors that affect the suppliers’ fairness is missing, and therefore this knowledge gap needs to be filled by new research. Herein, we conducted a survey of 450 agricultural product suppliers and systemically analyzed the impact of antecedents on fairness perception and the impact of fairness perception on relationship quality. In addition, we developed a structural equation model and found that information sharing and price satisfaction had significantly positive effects on procedural fairness and distributive fairness, respectively. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that procedural fairness is more important in improving the relationship quality than distributive fairness. However, supplier dependence is another important impact factor, and it greatly decreases the positive effects of suppliers’ fairness on relationship quality. In summary, the study results provide several managerial implications and extend our understanding of the importance of suppliers’ fairness in the relationship quality, which involves product development with respect to the supplier’s performance.

Exploring privacy and trust for employee monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchih Ernest Chang ◽  
Anne Yenching Liu ◽  
Sungmin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Employee Monitoring ◽  
Communication Privacy ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate privacy boundaries and explores employees’ reactions in employee monitoring. Design/methodology/approach – The research used the metaphor of boundary turbulence in the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory to demonstrate the psychological effect on employees. The model comprised organizational culture, CPM, trust, and employee performance in employee monitoring to further investigated the influence exerted by organizational culture and how employees viewed their trust within the organization when implementing employee monitoring. Variables were measured empirically by administrating questionnaires to full-time employees in organizations that currently practice employee monitoring. Findings – The findings showed that a control-oriented organizational culture raised communication privacy turbulence in CPM. The communication privacy turbulence in CPM mostly had negative effects on trust in employee monitoring policy, but not on trust in employee monitoring members. Both trust in employee monitoring policy and trust in employee monitoring members had positive effects on employee commitment and compliance to employee monitoring. Research limitations/implications – This research applied the CPM theory in workplace privacy to explore the relationship between employees’ privacy and trust. The results provide insights of why employees feel psychological resistance when they are forced to accept the practice of employee monitoring. In addition, this study explored the relationship between CPM and trust, and offer support and verification to prior studies. Practical implications – For practitioners, the findings help organizations to improve the performance of their employees and to design a more effective environment for employee monitoring. Originality/value – A research model was proposed to study the impacts of CPM on employee monitoring, after a broad survey on related researches. The validated model and its corresponding study results can be referenced by organization managers and decision makers to make favorable tactics for achieving their goals of implementing employee monitoring.

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