Species Listing of Macrofungi Found in Paracelis Mountain Province, Philippines

Mushrooms are an important natural source of food and medicine. In the Philippines, only a few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mushrooms especially in the mountainous areas. The present study was conducted to document the species of macrofungi found in Paracelis, Mountain Province. The knowledge gained from this study can reveal their importance to the community. A total of 37 macrofungi belonging to 16 families, 26 genera, and 29 species were collected and identified. Twenty nine of the collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and eight were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The identified macrofungi were: Auricularia auricula-judae, Conocybe arrhenii, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus sp., Crepidotus mollis, Daldinia concentrica, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatus, Fomes fomentarium, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hygrocybe sp., Irpex lacteus, Lentinus strigosus, Lenzites elegans, Lepiota lilacea, Lepiota sp., Marasmiellus ramealis, Microporus xanthopus, Mycena sp., Panellus mitis, Paneolus cyanescens, Parasola plicalitis, Psathyrella candolleana, Psathyrella sp., Russula sp. Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, and Xylaria papulis. Out of these macrofungi, four species were identified as edible, viz: Auricularia auricula, Lentinus strigosus, Coprinus disseminatu, and Schizophyllum commune.

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Jamur Makro Di Pulau Saktu Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta Utara dan Potensinya

Jurnal Mikologi Indonesia ◽

10.46638/jmi.v2i1.38 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Noverita Noverita ◽

Nabilah Nabilah ◽

F Y Siti ◽

Yudistari Yudistari

Keyword(s):

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Volvariella Volvacea ◽

Auricularia Auricula ◽

Ganoderma Applanatum ◽

Daldinia Concentrica

Pulau Saktu merupakan salah satu pulau yang berada dalam gugusan Kepulauan Seribu, terletak di desa Pulau Kelapa, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Luas pulau berdasarkan analisis citra satelit adalah 0,172 km2, dan hampir ¾ dari luas pulau tersebut berupa hutan konservasi. Pulau ini sebelumnya dijadikan tempat wisata, dan sekarang hanya dihuni oleh penjaga rumah peristirahatan. Kondisi lingkungan basah dan lembab, serta banyak naungan sangat cocok bagi pertumbuhan banyak organisme, termasuk jamur makro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui spesies jamur makro yang ditemukan dari kawasan Pulau Saktu serta potensinya. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode jalur dan plot, dengan mencatat karakter morfologi tubuh buah jamur makro disepanjang jalur penelitian. Diperoleh sebanyak 71 spesimen dari kawasan penelitian ini, 14 spesimen merupakan jamur yang termasuk sebagai bahan pangan, diantaranya Auricularia auricula, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus sajor-cajo, Schizophyllum commune, 32 spesimen sebagai bahan obat, diantaranya Ganoderma applanatum, Daldinia concentrica, Stereum sp., Xylaria sp., Microporus xantophus.

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Discovery of Swimming Males of Paratanaoidea (Tanaidacea)

Polish Polar Research ◽

10.2478/popore-2014-0022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 415-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz ◽

Robert M. Jennings ◽

Karen Jeskulke ◽

Saskia Brix

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Species Level ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Sexual Stage ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Two Factors ◽

Secondary Traits ◽

Parthenogenetic Reproduction ◽

Juvenile Males ◽

Multiple Male

AbstractIn Tanaidacea morphological identification of male individuals to the species level is complicated by two factors: the presence of multiple male stages/instars confuse the assessment of sexual stage while strong sexual dimorphism within several families obscures the morphological affinities of undescribed males to described females. Males of Paratanaoidea are often morphologically quite different from females and have not been discovered for most genera so far, which has led to the assumption that some tanaidaceans might have parthenogenetic reproduction or simply have undeveloped secondary sex traits. As a part ofthe IceAGE project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology), with the support of molecular methods, the first evidence for the existence of highly dimorphic (swimming) males in four families of the superfamily Paratanaoidea (Agathotanaidae, Cryptocopidae, Akanthophoreidae, and Typhlotanaidae) is presented. This study suggests that these males might be the next instars after juvenile or preparatory males, which are morphologically similar to females. It has been assumed that “juvenile” males with a restricted ability for swimming (e.g., undeveloped pleopods) have matured testes, are capable of reproduction, and mate with females nearby, while swimming males can mate with distant females. Our explanation of the dimorphism in Tanaidomorpha lies in the fact that males of some species (e.g.,Nototanais) retain the same lifestyle or niche as the females, so secondary traits improve their ability to guard females and successfully mate. Males of other species that have moved into a regime (niche) different than that of the female have acquired complex morphological changes (e.g.,Typhlotanais).

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Biodiversity Inventory and Distribution of Metriorrhynchina Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae), with the Identification of Generic Ranges

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11100710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 710

Author(s):

Ladislav Bocak ◽

Michal Motyka ◽

Dominik Kusy ◽

Renata Bilkova

Keyword(s):

Solomon Islands ◽

New Guinea ◽

The Philippines ◽

Species Level ◽

Valid Species ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Generic Level ◽

Biodiversity Inventory ◽

Australian Continent ◽

Northern Edge

We reviewed the species-level classification of Metriorrhynchina net-winged beetles to make the group accessible for further studies. Altogether, 876 valid species are listed in a checklist along with known synonyms, combinations, and distribution data. The compilation of geographic distribution showed that Metriorrhynchina is distributed mainly in the Australian region with very high diversity in the islands at the northern edge of the Australian craton, i.e., in the Moluccas and New Guinea (54 and 423 spp. respectively). The neighboring northern part of the Australian continent houses a majority of known Australian species (112 spp.) and the diversity of net-winged beetles gradually decreases to the south (43 spp.). The fauna of Sulawesi is highly endemic at the generic level (4 of 10 genera, 67 of 84 spp.). Less Metriorrhynchina occur in the Solomon Islands and Oceania (in total 22 spp.). The Oriental Metriorrhynchina fauna consists of a few genera and a limited number of species, and most of these are known from the Philippines (51 of 94 Oriental spp.). We identified a high species level turn-over between all neighboring landmasses. The genus-level endemism is high in Sulawesi (4 genera) and New Guinea (11 genera), but only a single genus is endemic to Australia. During the compilation of the checklist, we identified some homonyms, and we propose the following replacement names and a new synonym: Metriorrhynchus pseudobasalis, nom. nov. for M. basalis Lea, 1921 nec M. basalis Bourgeois, 1911; Metriorrhynchus pseudofunestus, nom. nov. for M. funestus Lea, 1921 nec M. funestus (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), Trichalus pseudoternatensis, nom. nov. for T. ternatensis Kleine, 1930 nec T. ternatensis Bourgeois, 1900, Procautires subparallelus, nom. nov. for P. parallelus (Pic, 1926) nec P. parallelus (Bourgeois, 1883), and Cautires pseudocorporaali, nom. nov. for C. corporaali (Pic, 1921: 12), (formerly Odontocerus and Cladophorus) nec C. corporaali (Pic, 1921) (formerly Bulenides, later Cautires). Diatrichalus biroi Kleine, 1943, syn. nov. is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of D. subarcuatithorax (Pic, 1926). Altogether, 161 new combinations are proposed, and 47 species earlier placed in Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879 transferred from Cautirina to Metriorrhynchina incertae sedis. The study clarifies the taxonomy of Metriorrhynchini and should serve as a restarting point for further taxonomic, evolutionary, and biogeographic studies.

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Biodegradation of Guar Gum in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid under the Action of Enzyme Preparations of Basidiomycetes

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-4-96-105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 96-105

Author(s):

E.Yu. Kozhevnikova ◽

A.V. Shnyreva ◽

A.V. Barkov ◽

Yu.A. Topolyuk ◽

I.N. Grishina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guar Gum ◽

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Petroleum Industry ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

Fungal Mycelium ◽

Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽

Trametes Hirsuta ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Fracturing Fluids

Guar gum is a polymer that is widely used as a gelling agent for technological liquids in the petroleum industry. In this paper, we have studied the potential for the environmentally friendly biodegradation of guar gum by enzymes of basidiomycetes for efficient disposal of oil industry wastes. For the first time, we compared the enzymatic activity towards guar gum of seven basidiomycete strains, namely Trametes hirsuta MT-24.24, Lactarius necator, Trametes hirsuta MT-17.24, Schizophyllum commune MT-33.01, Fomes fomentarius MT-4.05, Fomitopsis pinicola MT-5.21, and Trametes versicolor It-1. This comparison showed that the preparation based on Fomitopsis pinicola MT-5.21 fungal mycelium at a concentration of 0.05% provides the most efficient decomposition of a frac fluid containing guar gum. By varying the enzyme concentration in this fluid it is possible to control the decrease in its viscosity over time. The developed enzyme preparation is an efficient and environmentally friendly guar gum biodegradant and can be used to process waste fracturing fluids based on polysaccharides in order to reuse water resources. Key words: biodegradants, basidiomycetes, guar gum, enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme destructors, fracturing fluids. Funding - The work was financially supported by the National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University" (Internal grant no. 120720 "Development of New Biotechnological Methods and Materials for Environmental Protection and Biomedicine").

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Colobopsis explodens sp. n., model species for studies on “exploding ants” (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with biological notes and first illustrations of males of the Colobopsis cylindrica group

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.751.22661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 751 ◽

pp. 1-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alice Laciny ◽

Herbert Zettel ◽

Alexey Kopchinskiy ◽

Carina Pretzer ◽

Anna Pal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Mandibular Gland ◽

Species Group ◽

The Philippines ◽

Species Level ◽

Model Species ◽

Species Identity ◽

Taxonomic Description ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Taxonomic Changes

A taxonomic description of all castes of Colobopsisexplodens Laciny & Zettel, sp. n. from Borneo, Thailand, and Malaysia is provided, which serves as a model species for biological studies on “exploding ants” in Southeast Asia. The new species is a member of the Colobopsiscylindrica (COCY) group and falls into a species complex that has been repeatedly summarized under the name Colobopsissaundersi (Emery, 1889) (formerly Camponotussaundersi). The COCY species group is known under its vernacular name “exploding ants” for a unique behaviour: during territorial combat, workers of some species sacrifice themselves by rupturing their gaster and releasing sticky and irritant contents of their hypertrophied mandibular gland reservoirs to kill or repel rivals. This study includes first illustrations and morphometric characterizations of males of the COCY group: Colobopsisexplodens Laciny & Zettel, sp. n. and Colobopsisbadia (Smith, 1857). Characters of male genitalia and external morphology are compared with other selected taxa of Camponotini. Preliminary notes on the biology of C.explodens Laciny & Zettel, sp. n. are provided. To fix the species identity of the closely related C.badia, a lectotype from Singapore is designated. The following taxonomic changes within the C.saundersi complex are proposed: Colobopsissolenobia (Menozzi, 1926), syn. n. and Colobopsistrieterica (Menozzi, 1926), syn. n. are synonymized with Colobopsiscorallina Roger, 1863, a common endemic species of the Philippines. Colobopsissaginata Stitz, 1925, stat. n., hitherto a subspecies of C.badia, is raised to species level.

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Orania zheae (Oranieae, Arecoideae, Arecaceae), a new species from the Philippines, with notes on another slender-stemmed species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.391.1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 391 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

JIRO T. ADORADOR ◽

EDWINO S. FERNANDO

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

The Philippines ◽

Flower Morphology ◽

Species Level ◽

New Combination ◽

Determination Key ◽

A New Species

Orania zheae Adorador & Fernando, a new, slender-stemmed species is described from Samar Island, Philippines. The new combination Orania sibuyanensis (Becc.) Adorador & Fernando is also made, elevating this taxon from variety to species level. The latter species, endemic to Sibuyan Island, is segregated from Orania palindan (Blanco) Merr. (sensu Keim & Dransfield 2012). Both Orania zheae and Orania sibuyanensis are slender undergrowth palms with proportionately diminutive inflorescences borne on very slender peduncles and yellowish globose fruits. But the two species differ from each other in their habitat preferences, reproductive strategies, and in details of flower morphology. Complete descriptions with relevant notes are provided to these two taxa and a determination key to the five Philippine species of Orania is presented.

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Molecular identification of Auxis spp. larvae (Pisces: Scombridae) from the Gulf of California: Solving morphological identification limits

Revista de biología marina y oceanografía ◽

10.22370/rbmo.2018.53.2.1290 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

María J. Ochoa-Muñoz ◽

Noé Díaz-Viloria ◽

Laura Sánchez-Velasco ◽

Sylvia P. A. Jiménez-Rosenberg ◽

Ricardo Pérez-Enríquez

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Gulf Of California ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Species Level ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Marine Fish Larvae ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

First Time

The larvae of the Auxis genus are abundant in the Gulf of California during summer; however, their identification to the species level by morphological methods is a challenge. The goal of this study was to identify A. thazard and A. rochei larvae for first time, through molecular markers using COI sequences of mtDNA, and look for distinctive morphological characteristics between species, mainly in pigmentation patterns. Larvae were obtained by zooplankton tows in 3 oceanographic cruises in the southern Gulf of California and adjacent waters. The presence of A. thazard and A. rochei larvae was genetically confirmed. The sequences of 7 larvae showed genetic divergences lower than 1% when were compared to sequences of A. thazard adults, while 15 larvae showed genetic divergences lower than 2% when where compared to sequences of A. rochei adults. Genetic divergences between both Auxis species were higher than 2%. These results suggest the spawning of both species in the Gulf of California. On the other hand, pigmentation patterns and morphometric characteristics, in all larval stages, did not permit the secure differentiation between species. Thus, the use of molecular identification by COI is recommended to identify Auxis larvae to the species level, as well as in other marine fish larvae collected in other regions of the world, that have identification troubles.

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Potential use of basidiomycota Trametes hirsuta MT-17.24 in biodegradation of polyanionic cellulose

Proceedings of universities Applied chemistry and biotechnology ◽

10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-472-480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 472-480

Author(s):

A. V. Zubchenko ◽

E. Yu. Kozhevnikova ◽

A. V. Barkov ◽

Yu. A. Topolyuk ◽

A. V. Shnyreva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Preparation ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Gas Wells ◽

Trametes Hirsuta ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Oil And Gas Wells

Abstract: Despite their efficiency, existing methods to dispose of drilling fluids used in the construction of oil and gas wells (chemical treatment of spent solutions, thermal method, thickening) are often expensive and unsustainable. Basidiomycota are natural xylotroph destructors that process lignocellulosic substrate – one of the most stable biopolymers in nature. Prospects for using enzyme preparations based on Basidiomycota as biodestructors of organic substances are evident due to the high efficiency and zero-waste production. The aim was to obtain an enzyme preparation based on the Trametes hirsute MT-17.24 Basidiomycota strain and evaluate its ability to biodegrade polyanionic cellulose, used as a viscosifier for drilling fluids in the construction and repair of oil and gas wells. Screening of cellulase activity of the following strains was carried out: Fomitopsis pinicola MT-5.21, Fomes fomentarius MT-4.05, Lactarius necator, Schizophyllum commune MT-33.01, Trametes versicolor It-1, Trametes hirsute MT-17.24, Trametes hirsuta MT-24.24. To obtain the enzyme preparation, the T. hirsuta MT-17.24 strain was selected, which demonstrated the highest coefficient of cellulase activity (10.9). A medium for solid-phase cultivation of this strain was selected. Enzymatic activity of the enzyme preparation was studied on a model drilling fluid. A 10-hour experiment showed that the use of a 1% enzyme preparation leads to a decrease in the plastic viscosity of the drilling fluid from 16 to 8 mPa·s. The research results demonstrate the efficiency of enzyme preparations based on Basidiomycota in the biodestruction of polyanionic cellulose.

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The Carbon Source Controls the Secretion and Yield of Polysaccharide-Hydrolyzing Enzymes of Basidiomycetes

10.20944/preprints202108.0370.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eka Metreveli ◽

Tamar Khardziani ◽

Vladimir Elisashvili

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Irpex Lacteus ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽

Pycnoporus Coccineus ◽

Polymeric Substrates

In the present study, the polysaccharide-hydrolyzing secretomes of Irpex lacteus BCC104, Pycnoporus coccineus BCC310, and Schizophyllum commune BCC632 were analyzed in submerged fermentation conditions to elucidate the effect of chemically and structurally different carbon sources on the expression of cellulases and xylanase. Among polymeric substrates, crystalline cellulose appeared to be the best carbon source providing the highest endoglucanase, total cellulase, and xylanase activities. Mandarin pomace as a growth substrate for S. commune allowed to achieve comparatively high volumetric activities of all target enzymes while wheat straw induced a significant secretion of cellulase and xylanase activities of I. lacteus and P. coccineus. A synergistic effect on the secretion of cellulases and xylanases by the tested fungi was observed when crystalline cellulose was combined with mandarin pomace. In I. lacteus the cellulase and xylanase production is inducible in the presence of cellulose-rich substrates but is suppressed in the presence of an excess of easily metabolizable carbon source. These enzymes are expressed in a coordinated manner under all conditions studied. It was shown that the substitution of glucose in the inoculum medium with Avicel provides accelerated enzyme production by I. lacteus and higher cellulase and xylanase activities of the fungus. These results add new knowledge to the physiology of basidiomycetes to improve cellulase production.

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Unravelling the hidden biodiversity – the establishment of DNA barcodes of fish-parasitizing Acanthocephala Koehlreuther, 1771 in view of taxonomic misidentifications, intraspecific variability and possible cryptic species

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182020001316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 (13) ◽

pp. 1499-1508

Author(s):

Susanne Reier ◽

Helmut Sattmann ◽

Thomas Schwaha ◽

Hans-Peter Fuehrer ◽

Elisabeth Haring

Keyword(s):

Cryptic Species ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Level ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Dna Barcodes ◽

Taxonomic Assignment ◽

Obligate Parasites ◽

Intraspecific Variations

AbstractAcanthocephalans are obligate parasites of vertebrates, mostly of fish. There is limited knowledge about the diversity of fish-parasitizing Acanthocephala in Austria. Seven determined species and an undetermined species are recorded for Austrian waters. Morphological identification of acanthocephalans remains challenging due to their sparse morphological characters and their high intraspecific variations. DNA barcoding is an effective tool for taxonomic assignment at the species level. In this study, we provide new DNA barcoding data for three genera of Acanthocephala (Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905, Echinorhynchus Zoega in Müller, 1776 and Acanthocephalus Koelreuter, 1771) obtained from different fish species in Austria and provide an important contribution to acanthocephalan taxonomy and distribution in Austrian fish. Nevertheless, the taxonomic assignment of one species must remain open. We found indications for cryptic species within Echinorhynchus cinctulus Porta, 1905. Our study underlines the difficulties in processing reliable DNA barcodes and highlights the importance of the establishment of such DNA barcodes to overcome these. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to collect and compare material across Europe allowing a comprehensive revision of the phylum in Europe.

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