Agrolandscapes of the East Sayan Mountain Province of Eastern Siberia and the Far East of Russian

According to the data of the agro-landscape and ecological zoning of Eastern Siberia and the Far East, conducted by the authors, the spatial distribution of biological and ecological patterns in the East Sayan Mountain province was established. The province is located in the Eastern Sayan mountain system within the Southern Taiga zone. Its area is 17022.5 thousand hectares. Mountains occupy 76% of the province’s territory, plains – 24%. In the structure of land forests occupy more than 68% of the area of the province . Other land (mainly rocks and glaciers) occupies 20%. Under water is 3.4% of the area, swamps occupy 2.8%. Shrubs occupy less than 1%, mountain deer pastures – 0.8% of the area of the province. Agricultural land occupies 4.5% of the total area of the province. Including arable land – 0.9%, pastures – 2.6%, hayfields – 1%. The structure of natural forage lands (NFL) is dominated by mountain pastures on mountain soils (76%). The plains and foothills of the province are dominated by dry southern taiga meadows (13%). Floodplain meadows (5%) and swampy meadows (5%) are also represented. The ecological state of the province’s landscapes is good and satisfactory. In particular, NFL – good and satisfactory, forests – good and satisfactory, mountain deer pastures – good. The ecological state of arable land is tense. The established patterns are the necessary information basis for the development and implementation of innovative technologies for sustainable agricultural development, rational nature management and environmental protection in the East Sayan Mountain Province of Eastern Siberia and the Far East.

Species Listing of Macrofungi Found in Paracelis Mountain Province, Philippines

Mushrooms are an important natural source of food and medicine. In the Philippines, only a few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mushrooms especially in the mountainous areas. The present study was conducted to document the species of macrofungi found in Paracelis, Mountain Province. The knowledge gained from this study can reveal their importance to the community. A total of 37 macrofungi belonging to 16 families, 26 genera, and 29 species were collected and identified. Twenty nine of the collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and eight were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The identified macrofungi were: Auricularia auricula-judae, Conocybe arrhenii, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus sp., Crepidotus mollis, Daldinia concentrica, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatus, Fomes fomentarium, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hygrocybe sp., Irpex lacteus, Lentinus strigosus, Lenzites elegans, Lepiota lilacea, Lepiota sp., Marasmiellus ramealis, Microporus xanthopus, Mycena sp., Panellus mitis, Paneolus cyanescens, Parasola plicalitis, Psathyrella candolleana, Psathyrella sp., Russula sp. Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, and Xylaria papulis. Out of these macrofungi, four species were identified as edible, viz: Auricularia auricula, Lentinus strigosus, Coprinus disseminatu, and Schizophyllum commune.

The use of natural conditions of the high alpine province of Dagestan for reproduction of prospective varieties and hybrids of potato

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.

Two new earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mountain Province, Philippines

Two new species of the genus Pheretima are described from Mt. Amuyao and Mt. Lamagan, Mountain Province, Philippines, namely Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. and Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. Both new species belong to the P. sangirensis species group characterized by having only one pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8. Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. has distance between spermathecal pores 1–2 mm; copulatory bursae openings 0.11 circumference ventrally apart. Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. has distance between spermathecal pores 1.4 mm; copulatory bursae openings 0.10 circumference ventrally apart.

LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICALLY DIFFERENTIATED RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE OF THE ANGARA-LENA MOUNTAIN PROVINCE OF EASTERN SIBERIA

The spatial distribution of biological and ecological patterns in the Angara-Lena mountain province in Eastern Siberia is characterized according to the data of agroland- scape and ecological zoning of forage lands to assess the potential, sustainable agricultural nature management and environmental protection in the region. The province occupies area of 12 451.7 thousand hectares in the southern taiga zone and covers the Angara-Lena plateau (with 800-1460 m altitudes) and the low-mountain Primorsky Ridge. Most of the province territory (about 83%) is occupied by mountain forests. The area of agricultural land is 5% of the total area (including arable lands 2.7%, hayfields 0.7%, and pastures 1.5%). Significant areas of larch, mixed, birch forests of low mountains with a grass cover of large grasses (mountain crayfish, mixed-leaved bodyak, forest geranium, northern bedstraw, bathhouse species) and cereals (Langsdorf weinwort, spreading bor, sod pike, etc.) are used for grazing. The ecological state of the landscapes is tense, and tense and heavy for thearable. Agriculture and plant growing riskiness is highlighted according to natural and climate region features, especially erosion increasing as a result of agriculture. Simultaneously, however, the richest natural resources in the province, including fodder ones, are perspective for agriculture development.

The western Hayfork terrane: Remnants of the Middle Jurassic arc in the Klamath Mountain province, California and Oregon

Arc magmatism was widespread in the Cordillera of North America during Middle Jurassic time. The predominant representative of this arc magmatism in the Klamath Mountain province is the western Hayfork terrane (WHT). This terrane is primarily metasedimentary, consisting mainly of crystal-lithic arenite, argillitic sediments and lahar deposits, rare lavas, and sparse quartz-rich arenite. Because lavas are rare, petrologic study using bulk-rock compositions is restricted to analysis of cobbles in lahar deposits. Moreover, the WHT underwent greenschist-facies regional metamorphism with consequent modification of bulk-rock compositions. However, many of the sandstones preserve igneous clinopyroxene and calcic amphibole, which were phenocrysts in the original volcanic rocks. Major- and trace-element compositions of the magmatic pyroxene and amphibole permit reconstruction of the range of rock types eroded from the arc, specifically scant basalt, volumetrically dominant basaltic andesite and andesite, and smaller but significant amounts of dacite and rhyodacite. Eruptive temperatures reached ∼1180 °C and may have been as low as ∼800 °C on the basis of pyroxene and amphibole thermometry, with most eruptive temperatures >1000 °C. On the basis of augite compositions, WHT magmatism is divided into two suites. One features high-Mg augite with high abundances of Cr and Sr, high Sr/Y and Nd/Yb values, and low Y and heavy rare-earth elements (REE). These compositions are typical of high-Mg andesite and dacite suites in which garnet is a residual mineral, most probably in a metasomatized upper mantle setting. The other suite contains augite with lower Sr, Sr/Y, and Nd/Yb; these features are typical of normal calc-alkaline magmas. Augite from a coeval pluton emplaced inboard of the western Hayfork outcrop belt is similar to augite from the low-Sr group of WHT samples. In contrast, augite from the Ironside Mountain pluton, previously considered the plutonic equivalent of WHT sediments, is Fe-rich, with low Cr and Sr and relatively high Zr and REE. Previous suggestions that the Ironside Mountain pluton is correlative with the WHT are not supported by these data. The magmatic diversity of the WHT is typical of the modern Aleutian and Cascade arcs, among others, and could reflect subduction of relatively young oceanic lithosphere or fragmentation of the subduction slab. Although we favor the former setting, present data cannot rule out the latter. The presence of scant quartz-rich sedimentary rocks within the predominantly volcanogenic WHT is consistent with deposition as a sedimentary apron associated with a west-facing magmatic arc with late-stage input from cratonal sources. The results of this study indicate that detailed petrographic study of arc-derived sedimentary rocks, including major- and trace-element analysis of preserved magmatic phases, yields information about magmatic affinities, processes, and temperatures.