scholarly journals Endogenous economic growth in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Qingshan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
To Come

China has enjoyed spectacular economic growth over the past twenty years or so. However, Chinese regional economic development has relied on forein direct investment, export-oriented industralization, and other traditional growth models. While China can perhaps continue to rely on exports, cheap labor, and a huge domestic market for foreing invetment for some time to come, sooner or later the question will arise: How long can China sustain economic growth based on her current strategies?We propose in this article the endogenous growth model as an alternative and long-term growth strategy, and focus largely on its treatment of knowledge as an independent factor of production in Chinese regional economies. This article thus proposes a new institutional framework defined as a trilateral commission. The commissioners are designed to advise and enhance communication between local and regional government leaders and administrators on knowledge-based collaboration and coordination among business, government, and the research community, as well as on the issue of knowlege generation and utilization.   

scholarly journals Labour force participation in New Zealand: Tecent trends, future scenarios and the impact on economic growth.

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paterson ◽  
Simon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines labour force participation trends in New Zealand, how we compare to the rest of the OECD and how participation and economic growth might be affected in the future by population ageing. Participation has risen significantly over the past 20 years despite an increase in the average age of the working­age population. We have looked at how participation has changed by age, gender and ethnicity. By contrast, average hours worked has declined over the past 20 years and we consider the reasons for that. Population ageing means the recent growth seen in labour force participation is likely to come to an end, with the participation rate projected to decline over the medium term. Falling participation will have a dampening effect on economic growth. We have investigated the impact of declining participation on gross domestic product using official labour force projections and identified a range of scenarios for what participation might look like in the year 2029. In each scenario, we discuss the impact on economic growth. Most other OECD countries are in a similar situation to us with respect to population ageing. We have looked at the latest Australian projections for economic growth in the long term and the increased growth in New Zealand’s productivity that would be necessary to begin to close the gap on Australia.

scholarly journals Trends and Developments in Bioinformatics in 2010: Prospects and Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
A. V. Alekseyenko ◽  
Y. Aphinyanaphongs ◽  
S. Brown ◽  
D. Fenyo ◽  
L. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
To Come ◽  
Generation Sequencing

SummaryTo survey major developments and trends in the field of Bioinformatics in 2010 and their relationships to those of previous years, with emphasis on long-term trends, on best practices, on quality of the science of informatics, and on quality of science as a function of informatics.A critical review of articles in the literature of Bioinformatics over the past year.Our main results suggest that Bioinformatics continues to be a major catalyst for progress in Biology and Translational Medicine, as a consequence of new assaying technologies, most predominantly Next Generation Sequencing, which are changing the landscape of modern biological and medical research. These assays critically depend on bioinformatics and have led to quick growth of corresponding informatics methods development. Clinical-grade molecular signatures are proliferating at a rapid rate. However, a highly publicized incident at a prominent university showed that deficiencies in informatics methods can lead to catastrophic consequences for important scientific projects. Developing evidence-driven protocols and best practices is greatly needed given how serious are the implications for the quality of translational and basic science.Several exciting new methods have appeared over the past 18 months, that open new roads for progress in bioinformatics methods and their impact in biomedicine. At the same time, the range of open problems of great significance is extensive, ensuring the vitality of the field for many years to come.

Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Social Exclusion in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-299
Author(s):  
Anıl Duman ◽  
Alper Duman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Cycles ◽  
Institutional Convergence ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This chapter examines the degree of income and institutional convergence between Turkey and European Union (EU) as well as trends in inequality and poverty by taking a long-term perspective as changes in polices an institutions impact on economic and social outcomes, often with considerable lags. The authors’ findings reveal that Turkey has successfully transformed its inward-looking and largely agricultural economy in the past 35 years into an export-oriented and urban-based economy. The transformation has been achieved mostly in periods of dramatic reform embedded in business and political cycles. Nevertheless, in the most recent era, there have been significant setbacks for certain groups in terms of regulatory environment, equality of opportunity, and access to markets and resources. Although there has been progress in the overall distribution of income and other aspects of social inclusion, convergence to EU standards is not easy to observe in these indicators.

Assessing the Political Environment for Business: A New Role for Political Scientists?

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph LaPalombara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Events ◽  
To Come

Political scientists are only now, and dimly, beginning to recognize that something called “political risk analysis” (PRA) is very much in vogue in the corporate and banking communities of this country. Any attempt to assess this uncommon development should begin with this question: Why would any banker or corporate manager wish to spend hard cash on anything political scientists might have to say about places overseas where banks and multinational corporations lend or invest their capital? After all, the profession is not exactly distinguished by its ability to make accurate forecasts. Indeed, Sartori has argued that political scientists ought to eschew forecasting entirely in that they are best able to explain what happened as opposed to what may come to pass.Sartori's assertion of course would make historians of us all—and burden us with the historian's smug claim that, if the history examined is too recent, the immediacy of events will distort our vision and bias our judgments. Thus, rather than try to foretell where, say, Germany will move politically next year we should expend (more!) of our resources to establish once and for all what really caused Weimar to collapse and Hitler to come to power.This is not the stuff of political risk analysis. Growing interest in this activity is little based on broad analyses of the past or on long-term forecasts of future events. The potential consumers of political assessments are intelligent, harried bankers and corporate managers who are pressed to make relatively short-term decisions that affect the viability of enterprise and investment-and, equally important, careers-in professions where tenure is unknown.

scholarly journals Human Development, Political Stability and Economic Growth: The way forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Areeba Khan ◽  
Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui ◽  
Shahid Hussain Bukhari ◽  
Syed Muhammad Hashim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endogenous Growth Models ◽  
Reallocation Of Resources

Economic growth has been known to foster human development for long term economic stability. The evidence of bi-causality in the human development and economic growth nexus is however limited. This paper builds on the reverse causality between human development and economic growth in context of Pakistan, with the moderating impact of political stability. The study applies OLS and VECM on the data collected from World Bank Database from year 2006 to 2018. Our findings exhibit empirical evidence related to endogenous growth models and a significant causal relationship between human development and economic growth, moderated by political stability. The relationship is further explained by trajectories of happiness, health and income redistribution. Our findings suggest efficient reallocation of resources towards human development to address post pandemic growth concerns.

scholarly journals Role of Individual Academics and International Universities in Health Research in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-81
Author(s):  
P Simkhada ◽  
E Van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Changes Over Time

Nepal has made progress in health sciences and medical education over the past decade. We believe that there is a need in Nepal for a greater research emphasis on mixed-methods approaches, qualitative research, critical appraisal & systematic reviewing and health economics. Specifically to the discipline of epidemiology, Nepal should consider establishing more and better epidemiological studies, the kind of population-based studies that can identify risk factors, track changes over time at a population level over the decades to come.  We know how important such long-term research is but we are also painfully aware how expensive this kind on long-term research can be.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i2.6572 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2(2):179-81 

Thorny way of strategic planning in modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL E. DMITRIEV ◽  
◽  
VALERY B. KRAPIL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Planning System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
To Come ◽  
Further Development

The article considers strategic planning practices in Russia since the transition to market economy. The authors assess the outcomes of federal strategies and the possible causes of their incomplete implementation. The study reviews the development of legislation on strategic planning and the problems and contradictions associated with the implementation of the laws, including the subfederal level. The course of development of the project format of strategic documents (national projects, etc.) and the reasons that led to the strengthening of its role, despite the lack of legislative registration, are also presented. Based on the results of the review, a characteristic is given of the current state of the strategic planning system, which is assessed as unstable and transitional, and possible directions for its further development are noted. The interest in strategic planning over the past three decades has been generated by objective long-term challenges. They are largely due to the need to take into account long-term trends in demographic, technological, environmental, climatic, spatial, infrastructural, geopolitical and other areas where there are problems and tasks that can only be solved by coordinated planning of actions for many years to come.

Werkgelegenheid en economische groei: Duitsland als voorbeeld voor Europa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy Heylen ◽  
Tim Buyse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Wage Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
German Model

Employment and economic growth: is Germany an example to Europe? Employment and economic growth: is Germany an example to Europe? In this article we describe and evaluate the macroeconomic performance of Germany during the past decade. We focus on wage formation, competitiveness and export performance. We ask the question to what extent the German model is successful in relation to the long-run challenges posed by ageing and the need for higher employment, productivity and growth. We compare Germany with other European countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries. We conclude that the success of the German model is only partial. The ‘guide’ does not convince on certain aspects such as investment in human capital and the realization of full employment. Neither have the low skilled and the long-term unemployed been able to improve their relative position on the German labour market.

MENA Countries Face the Challenge of the Knowledge-Based Economy

2022 ◽  
pp. 150-202
Author(s):  
Olfa Boussetta ◽  
Najeh Aissaoui ◽  
Fethi Sellaouti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Education Innovation

The growing interest in the knowledge economy raises many questions about its effect on economic growth. The study aims to position a set of MENA countries in the context of the knowledge economy compared to developed countries. It also detects theoretically and empirically the knowledge effect on economic growth. To do this, the authors have estimated an endogenous growth model, using the dynamic panel data technique, for a sample of 16 MENA countries over 1995-2014. The results show that, despite the significant improvements that have registered in the knowledge economy pillars, the selected countries are still lagging compared to developed countries. Far from international comparisons, the internal effects of these knowledge pillars (education, innovation, ICT, institutional regime) on growth are positive and highly significant.

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