Hemostasis and inflammation in patients with polytrauma
Background. Causes of death due to severe injuries are both injuries incompatible with life and severe bleedings. Trauma-induced coagulopathy is usually found in 46 % of patients at the scene and in 60 % of individuals upon admission to the hospital. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and vascular-platelet and coagulation hemostasis parameters in patients with polytrauma. Materials and methods. We completed a prospective observational study and included 20 patients aged 19 to 55 years with polytrauma who were admitted to the Department of Anesthesiology with Intensive Care at Lviv City Clinical Hospital No. 8. Patients’ state was evaluated according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score. We also took into account the duration of SIRS, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and hospital stay. Stages of the study: the day of admission to ICU (d1), the third day (d3), the fifth day (d5). The major clinical markers evaluated were: SIRS parameters, vascular-platelet hemostasis (intravascular platelet activation, adrenaline- and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation), coagulation hemostasis (international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, level of total fibrinogen and D-dimers). Statistical analysis was performed using variation statistics methods. The correlation dependence was performed with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. We determined significance level (p), and the differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. We have found a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between discocytes to spherocytes ratio and the level of total fibrinogen on stage d1, as well as a tendency (p = 0.09) to the presence of a positive correlation between this ratio and the patient’s body temperature. There was a significant (p < 0.05) inverse correlation between this ratio and the patient’s health status according to APACHE II, and a direct significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the length of ICU stay, as well as trends to an inverse correlation with the severity of injuries according to ISS (p = 0.07) and to a direct correlation with the duration of SIRS (p = 0.12). Conclusions. Patients with polytrauma had a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between the discocytes to spherocytes ratio and level of total fibrinogen, a tendency (p = 0.09) to a positive correlation between this ratio and the patient’s body temperature, a significant (p < 0.05) inverse correlation with the patient’s health status according to APACHE II, a direct significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the length of ICU stay, a trend (p = 0.07) to an inverse correlation with the severity of injuries according to ISS and a tendency (p = 0.12) to a direct correlation with duration of SIRS.