scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and chronic coronary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
V.A. Serhiyenko ◽  
A.A. Serhiyenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Chronic coronary syndrome is characterized by the development of episodes of ischemia due to an imbalance between needs and blood supply to the myocardium. Such episodes are usual­ly provoked by physical or emotional stress or other stressful situations, but can also occur spontaneously. Angina attacks are a classic manifestation of myocardial ischemia. In some cases, the disease may be asymptomatic for a while and begin immediately with acute coronary syndrome. Chronic coronary syndrome may have a long preclinical period on the background of confirmed coronary athe­rosclerosis. This review analyses the relevant data about the current state of the problem of diabetes mellitus and chronic coronary syndrome. In particular, the issues related to the peculiarities of risk assessment, the main factors causing a very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; classification, the main characteristics of chronic coronary syndrome and its features in diabetes mellitus; diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome (dosed physical acti­vity — bicycle ergometry, treadmill test, or stress tests; single-photon emission computed tomography, stress echocardiography; stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography ­using radioactive tracers) were considered. Features of conservative therapy for chronic coronary syndrome against the background of diabetes mellitus (prescription of antiplatelet agents, β-adrenergic receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, myocardial cytoprotectors, statins) were analyzed. Treatment of a patient with a combination of diabetes mellitus and chronic coronary syndrome will be successful only if adequate antidiabetic therapy that is safe in terms of hypoglycemia and possible cardiovascular risks, on the one hand, and metabolically neutral antianginal therapy, on the other, is prescribed. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to pay attention to the correction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and chronic heart failure.

scholarly journals Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4804
Author(s):  
Vincent Q. Sier ◽  
Joost R. van der Vorst ◽  
Paul H. A. Quax ◽  
Margreet R. de Vries ◽  
Elham Zonoobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nirf Imaging ◽  
Efficient Detection

Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: “Endoglin”, “Imaging/Image-guided surgery”. In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Beta-cell Imaging: Visualization, Quantification, and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Murakami ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujimoto ◽  
Nobuya Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Non Invasive

Pancreatic beta (β)-cell dysfunction and reduced mass play a central role in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Conventional histological β-cell mass (BCM) analysis is invasive and limited to cross-sectional observations in a restricted sampling area. However, the non-invasive evaluation of BCM remains elusive, and practical in vivo and clinical techniques for β-cell-specific imaging are yet to be established. The lack of such techniques hampers a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological role of BCM in diabetes, the implementation of personalized BCM-based diabetes management, and the development of antidiabetic therapies targeting BCM preservation and restoration. Nuclear medical techniques have recently triggered a major leap in this field. In particular, radioisotope-labeled probes using exendin peptides that include glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist and antagonist have been employed in positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. These probes have demonstrated high specificity to β cells and provide clear images accurately showing uptake in the pancreas and transplanted islets in preclinical in vivo and clinical studies. One of these probes, 111indium-labeled exendin-4 derivative ([Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4), has captured the longitudinal changes in BCM during the development and progression of diabetes and under antidiabetic therapies in various mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1R-targeted imaging is therefore a promising tool for non-invasive BCM evaluation. This review focuses on recent advances in non-invasive in vivo β-cell imaging for BCM evaluation in the field of diabetes; in particular, the exendin-based GLP-1R-targeted nuclear medicine techniques.

Abstract 2404: ECG Estimate Of Ischemic Acuteness and Time from Pain Onset for Predicting Myocardial Salvage in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Engblom ◽  
Bo Heden ◽  
Erik Hedstrom ◽  
Galen Wagner ◽  
Håkan Arheden
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Myocardial Salvage ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
99Mtc Tetrofosmin ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The potential for salvage of jeopardized myocardium during coronary occlusion decreases as the duration of persistent ischemia is prolonged. Thus, it is important to be able to assess the acuteness of ischemia as a patient presents with signs of acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare ECG estimate of ischemic acuteness and time from pain onset for predicting myocardial salvage in patients with first-time myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Thirteen patients with acutely revascularized first-time MI were studied. All patients had 99mTc tetrofosmin injected and an ECG recorded prior to the PCI. TIMI III flow was obtained in all patients. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was undertaken within 3 hours of the PCI to assess the myocardium at risk (MaR). Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) was performed 1 week after admission for assessment of infarct size (IS) and infarct transmurality (IT). A salvage index was calculated as (MaR-IS)/MaR. The acuteness of ischemia was estimated both from patient history and from the Anderson-Wilkins (AW) acuteness score of the pre-PCI ECG. Results: The figure shows the relationship between time of symptom onset and salvage index (A) and IT (C) as well as the relationship between AW acuteness score and salvage index (B) and IT (D). The time of symptom onset did not correlate with salvage index or IT. The AW acuteness score, however, showed a significant relationship with both salvage index and IT. Conclusions: The initial ECG changes are superior to time from symptom onset to PCI for predicting myocardial salvage and IT in patients undergoing PCI of first-time MI.

Vascular risk factors and the relationships between cognitive impairment and hypoperfusion in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Takahashi ◽  
Yasunori Oda ◽  
Koichi Sato ◽  
Yukihiko Shirayama
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Risk Patients

AbstractObjectiveOur recent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study of patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) revealed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was reduced in the frontal, temporal, and limbic lobes, and to a lesser degree in the parietal and occipital lobes. Moreover, these patients’ scores on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) were significantly correlated with rCBF in some gyri of the frontal, parietal, and limbic lobes. Our present study aimed to understand how vascular factors and metabolic disease influenced the relationship between rCBF and ADAS-cog scores.MethodsWe divided late-onset AD patients into two groups according to their Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS), low vascular risk patients had values of ≤4 (n=25) and high vascular risk patients had scores ≥5 (n=15). We examined rCBF using brain perfusion SPECT data.ResultsThe degrees and patterns of reduced rCBF were largely similar between late-onset AD patients in both groups, regardless of HIS values. Cognitive function was significantly associated with rCBF among late-onset AD patients with low vascular risk (HIS≤4), but not among those with high vascular risk (HIS≥5). Furthermore, metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, disrupted the relationships between hypoperfusion and cognitive impairments in late-onset AD patients.ConclusionFactors other than hypoperfusion, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, could be involved in the cognitive dysfunction of late-onset AD patients with high vascular risk.

scholarly journals The relationship between cognitive impairment and decreased cerebral blood flow in the frontal area

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
N. Zherdоva ◽  
B. Mankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of dementia, especially in patients with mild cognitive impairment, including changes which are unlikely to be found in everyday clinical practice, especially in patients with diabetes, which is associated with the presence of disease complications. Therefore, you must understand the importance of screening for cognitive disorders in the early stages in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility of the Stroop test to determine the state of cognitive impairment and cerebral blood flow status in the relevant areas of the brain evidenced by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The study involved 40 patients aged 60 to 70 years. The 27 women and 13 men. Exclusion criteria were the presence of stroke, traumatic brain injury, the abuse of alcohol. Evaluation of cognitive impairment was carried out using the Stroop test. For information on the perfusion of brain tissue using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group included patients who by SPECT were found hypofrontality, the second - with no signs of it. There has been a significant decrease in executive functions during the Stroop test of the part 3 in the patients of the first group than the second group. That is, the first group of patients, there is a decrease in cerebral blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is confirmed by a SPECT of hypofrontality. Stroop test, a sensitive test in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and can be recommended for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders and diabetes associated disorders, for early detection of abnormalities in the cognitive field that will allow for the timely prevention of the condition and reduce the disability of patients.

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