Synthesis of Zeolite NaA from Low Grade (High Impurities) Indonesian Natural Zeolite

The zeolite NaA has been successfully synthesized from the low grade natural zeolite with high impurities. The synthesis method was started by mixing natural zeolite powder with NH4Cl aqueous solution in the reactor as pretreatment. The use of pretreatment was to reduce the impurities contents in the zeolite. The process was followed by alkaline fusion hydrothermal treatment to modify the framework structure of natural zeolite and reduce the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Finally, the synthesized zeolite was calcined at 600 °C for 2 h. The final zeolite product was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the morphology of the zeolite NaA was cubic shape as observed by SEM analysis and the synthesized zeolite NaA with pretreatment gave less impurity than without pretreatment.

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Extraction of Phosphorous from a Phosphorous-Containing Vanadium Titano-Magnetite Tailings by Direct Flotation

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8070874 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 874 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junhui Xiao ◽

Chao Chen ◽

Wei Ding ◽

Yang Peng ◽

Tao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Paraffin Wax ◽

Low Grade ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Flotation Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Pine Oil ◽

Flotation Concentration ◽

Scanning Electron

In this study, there is 1.42% P2O5 in the P-containing V-Ti magnetite tailings in Miyi Region of China, with the valuable minerals mainly including apatite, and aluminosilicate minerals as the main gangue components. The direction flotation process was used to recover phosphorous from the low-grade phosphorous-bearing V-Ti magnetite tailings. The results showed that an optimized phosphorous concentrate with a P2O5 grade of 31.35% and P2O5 recovery of 88.02% was obtained by flotation process of one roughing, three scavengings, and three cleanings under roughing conditions, which employed pulp pH of 9, grinding fineness of <0.039 mm occupying 90%, flotation concentration of 25%, and dosages of carboxymethylcellulose, oxidized paraffin wax soap, and pine oil of 400 g/t, 300 g/t, and 20 g/t, respectively. Optimized one scavenging, two scavenging, and three scavenging conditions used a pulp pH of 9, and dosages of carboxymethylcellulose, oxidized paraffin wax soap, and pine oil of 200 g/t, 150 g/t, 10 g/t; 100 g/t, 75 g/t, and 5 g/t; and 100 g/t, 75 g/t, and 5 g/t, respectively. Optimized one cleaning, two cleaning, and three cleaning condition dosages of carboxymethylcellulose of 100 g/t, 50 g/t, and 25 g/t, respectively. Study of analysis and characterization of phosphorous concentrate by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that most gangue minerals enter the flotation tailings, the main minerals in phosphorous concentrate are apatite, olivine, and feldspar.

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Synthesis of natural zeolite agglomerates: clinoptilolite-based geopolymers through aluminate activation

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2019.52 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 393-400

Author(s):

Aleksander Nikolov ◽

Henk Nugteren ◽

Ognyan Petrov ◽

Ivan Rostovsky ◽

Tanya Petrova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Analysis ◽

Natural Zeolite ◽

Passive Cooling ◽

Low Density ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Waste Solution ◽

Aluminate Solution ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractNatural zeolite (clinoptilolite)-based geopolymers were synthesized using alkali aluminate solution, including aluminate anodizing waste solution. The effect of calcination of the clinoptilolite sample at 900°C was investigated. The samples were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and N2-specific surface area. The alkali aluminate-activated clinoptilolite geopolymers are characterized by satisfactory compressive strength (up to 37 MPa), low density and acceptable shrinkage. The clinoptilolite geopolymer obtained contains an X-ray amorphous phase and newly formed phillipsite and zeolite NaP. The presence of zeolite phases in the geopolymer agglomerate could be beneficial in products with specific qualities and properties, such as ion exchange, passive cooling, antimicrobial activity, etc.

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Hydrothermal synthesis of Zeolite NaA from Kaolin

Functional Materials Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793604719500759 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (05) ◽

pp. 1950075 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Wang ◽

Qi Sun ◽

Yujiao Zhang ◽

Jun Cao ◽

Xingmao Li

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Low Grade ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Zeolite Naa ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Zeolite NaA was successfully synthesized from low-grade kaolin via hydrothermal synthesis method. The properties of the zeolite NaA were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermogravimetry (TG)-differential thermal analysis (DTA). TEM analysis indicated the formation of body-centered cubic crystal zeolite NaA and the polycrystallinity of the zeolite NaA structure. The textural properties of the zeolite NaA were further studied by N2 adsorption-desorption technique. In addition, the TG-DTA study confirmed that the heat treatment temperature of the zeolite NaA should be controlled below 600∘C.

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Effects of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 sol concentration on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 films prepared by sol-gel method on Ti substrate

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.1647 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1494 ◽

pp. 253-258

Author(s):

Dan Jiang ◽

Songwei Han ◽

Xuelian Zhao ◽

Jinrong Cheng

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Dielectric Properties ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Bst Films ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTBa0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films were deposited on La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) buffered Ti substrates. Both BST and LSCO were prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to investigate the effect of LSCO sol concentration on the crystallinity and surface morphology of the films. The results show that with the increase of LSCO sol concentration, BST films show variation of the structure and dielectric properties. BST films for LSCO of 0.2 mol/L exhibit a better crystallinity and improved dielectric properties, with the tunability, dielectric constant and tanδ of 30%, 420 and 0.028 respectively.

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Synthesis and some properties of compounds Cu2PrSb3S7 and Cu2ErSb3S7

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-11-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Reyhan M. Agayeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Eutectic Point ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Dissolution Zone ◽

Concentration Interval ◽

Microhardness Testing ◽

Physicochemical Methods ◽

Scanning Electron

The phase equilibrium in systems of CuSbS2 – PrSbS3 and CuSbS2 – ErSbS3 has been studied by physicochemical methods (Differential thermal analysis – DTA, X-ray diffraction phase analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM analysis and microhardness testing) and their T-x diagrams were drawn. It was determined that both systems are quazibinary and characterized by formation of Cu2LnSb3S7 -type (Ln = Pr, Er) compounds. Cu2PrSb3S7 melts congruently at 1050 K and is the phase with unstable content. Its dissolution zone changes within concentration interval of 32-37 mole% of PrSbS3. Cu2PrSb3S7 divides the system into two sub-systems: CuSbS2-Cu2PrSb3S7 and Cu2PrSb3S7-PrSbS3. Both of sub-systems are eutectic. The coordinates of the eutectic point are like following: 15 mole % PrSbS3, T = 740 K and 50 mole % PrSbS3, T = 790 K. Cu2ErSb3S7 melts at 920 K by decomposition. At 725K between Cu2ErSb3S7 and CuSbS2 compounds in content of 15 mole % of ErSbS3 is formed eutectic balance. 4 mole % of solid solution is formed on base of CuSbS2. Both compounds are crystallized by naffildite-type structure in the form of rhombic syngonia (Cu2PrSb3S7 – a = 1.444; b = 2.146; c = 0.3995 nm; z = 4; Cu2ErSb3S7 – a = 1.430; b = 2.128; c = 0.380 nm; z = 4; stereogroup Pbnm or Pbn21).

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Effects of different Sn contents on formation of Ti2SnC by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method in Ti-Sn-C and Ti-Sn-C-TiC systems

Materials Science-Poland ◽

10.2478/s13536-014-0252-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 696-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hong-Yan Sun ◽

Xin Kong ◽

Wei Sen ◽

Zhong-Zhou Yi ◽

Bao-Sen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Temperature Synthesis ◽

X Ray ◽

High Temperature Synthesis ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractEffect of different Sn contents on combustion synthesis of Ti2SnC was studied using elemental Ti, Sn, C and TiC powders as raw materials in the Ti-Sn-C and Ti-Sn-C-TiC system, in which the molar ratio of Ti/C was set as 2:1. The reaction mechanism for the formation of Ti2SnC was also investigated. The results showed that the amount of Ti2SnC in combustion products firstly increased with increasing of Sn content (0.6 to 0.8 mol), and then decreased with further increasing of Sn content (1.0 to 1.2 mol). Upon addition of 15 % TiC instead of Ti and C, the optimum addition of Sn decreased to 0.7 mol and a higher purity of Ti2SnC was obtained. The Ti2SnC powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) And Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis Of Potsherds, Sungai Batu Complex, Bujang Valley, Kedah Sungai Batu Complex, Bujang Valley, Kedah

Warta Geologi ◽

10.7186/wg463202006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 204-209

Author(s):

Mohd Hasfarisham Abd Halim ◽

◽

Mokhtar Saidin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Clay Sample ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Archaeological Excavations ◽

Scanning Electron

Archaeological excavations at the Sungai Batu Archeological Complex have unearthed potsherds with monument structures. The discovery of the potsherds enables scientific studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis to be conducted and resolve related issues such as where the raw materials were obtained by the manufacturers. To solve the issue, potsherds were taken from around the ancient river, and scientific analyses was conducted for comparison purposes. Before the clay sample was subjected to the scientific analyses, the samples were cleaned and measured (for weight, thickness and width). Color sampling was also performed. Based on results of the analyses, it clearly shows that the potsherds was produced using raw materials from the ancient river in the Sungai Batu Complex itself and baked at a temperature between 550°C and 650°C.

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Zeolite Encapsulated Fe-poprhyrin for Catalytic Oxidation with Iodobenzene Diacetate (PhI(OAc)2)

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ◽

10.29356/jmcs.v57i4.190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Gholamreza Karimipour ◽

Maryam Rezaei ◽

Davoud Ashouri

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Nay Zeolite ◽

X Ray ◽

Diphenylacetic Acid ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Homogenous Catalyst ◽

Epoxidation Of Cyclohexene ◽

Scanning Electron

meso-Tetrakis(3-pyridyl)porphyrinatoiron(III) chloride encapsulated on NaY Zeolite [Fe(T-3-PyP)@NaY] was synthesized as a heterogeneous “ship-in-a-bottle” type catalyst and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), atomic absorption (AA), diffused reflectance UV-Vis (DR UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The catalytic activity of Fe(T-3-PyP)@NaY was examined for the epoxidation of cyclohexene by PhI(OAc)2 in CH3CN/H2O (5:1) and compared to that of Fe(T-3-PyP) as a homogenous catalyst. We found that the heterogeneous catalyst Fe(T-3-PyP)@NaY was stable and reusable for several times, and provided a mild condition and exhibited high activity and selectivity in the oxidation of alkenes to epoxides(16-94%). As representative examples for the use of Fe(T-3-PyP)@NaY/ PhI(OAc)2 in organic oxidations, oxidation of 4-nitrobenzylalcohol to 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (97 %), oxidative dehydrogenation of diethyl 4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl- 1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate to the corresponding pyridine (100 %), diphenylacetic acid to benzophenone (64 %) was achieved.

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Study of the Formation of WOx Nanostructures Supported on Zirconia Prepared by Different Synthesis Routes

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1279-37 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1279 ◽

Author(s):

Martha L. Hernández ◽

Ascención Montoya ◽

Paz Del angel ◽

Silvia P. Paredes ◽

Sergio O. Flores

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Active Sites ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Isomerization Reaction ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Tungstated Zirconia ◽

X Ray ◽

Preparation Route ◽

Synthesis Routes ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractDifferent synthesis procedures of Pt supported on tungstated zirconia catalysts (Pt/WOx-ZrO2) were investigated with the aim to elucidate the different WOx nanostructures developed on the zirconia surface depending on the preparation route. Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized by the coprecipitation and impregnation methods and pretreated by various procedures such as different calcinations temperatures or the use of reflux. The catalysts characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) and nitrogen physisorption, and the catalytic activity was evaluated in the n-hexane isomerization reaction. The results indicate that the development of active sites for isomerization of n-hexane is enhanced by the stabilization of the WOx nanostructures on the surface of zirconia, before the formation of the WO3 crystallites, and it largely depends on the synthesis method.

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Influence of Synthesis Method on LTA Time-Dependent Stability

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2122 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Claudia Belviso ◽

Antonio Lettino ◽

Francesco Cavalcante

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Hydrothermal Process ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Synthetic Zeolite ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Time Stability ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Lta Zeolite ◽

Scanning Electron

Time-stability of LTA zeolite formed by hydrothermal method with or without the action of ultrasonic irradiation was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that 6 months after the synthesis by hydrothermal process with continuous sonication, LTA evolves into a more stable sodalite, whereas no differences are detected 12 months after LTA synthesis by conventional pre-fused hydrothermal process. These data confirm that using the two approaches, different mechanisms control both zeolite crystallization and time-stability of the newly-formed mineral at solid state. The results are particularly important in the light of the synthetic zeolite application.

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