scholarly journals Faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan pemanfaatan posyandu dengan kejadian stunting balita keluarga miskin penerima PKH di Palembang

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Nur Farida Rahmawati ◽  
Nur Alam Fajar ◽  
Haerawati Idris
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Poor Families

Social, economic factors, and utilization of posyandu towards stunting among toddlers of poor families of PKH recipients in PalembangBackground: Stunting is a nutritional problem caused by chronic malnutrition. Stunting can result in decreased concentration, memory damage, decreased learning, and school performance, decreased cognitive function, impaired motor development, and has a long-term impact on reducing productivity, thus inhibiting economic growth and causing intergenerational poverty. Stunting can be influenced by social, economic, and access to health services factors. Objective: To analyze the correlation of social, economic, and utilization of integrated services post (pos pelayanan terpadu/posyandu) with the incidence of stunting of under-fives in poor families in Palembang. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design in March-April 2019. The population was toddlers aged 24-59 months from poor families in Palembang, with the criteria receiving the cash transfer program from the Indonesian Government, called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Samples were 100 people were chosen by proportional sampling. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test and regression logistic test. Results: The proportion of stunting among toddlers in poor families of PKH recipients in Palembang was 29%. Multiple logistic regression test shows 4 (four) independent variables have a significant correlation to the incidence of stunting simultaneously. Those variable are maternal education (p=0.003, OR=7.278, 95% CI: 1.928-27.474), birth order (p=0.013, OR=0.144, 95% CI: 0.031-0.664), number of family members (p=0.013, OR=10.809, 95% CI:  1.639-71.278),irregular utilization of Posyandu (p=0.041, OR=3.524, 95% CI:1.055-11.768), and never using Posyandu (p=0.019, OR=5.282, 95% CI: 1.313-21.239). Low maternal education, huge family members (more than 4), irregularly and never use Posyandu increase risk of stunting 7.2 times, 10.8 times, 3.5, and 5.2 times, otherwise first or second birth order was a protective factor of stunting. Conclusions: Maternal education and utilization of Posyandu are protective factors, meanwhile huge family members (more than 4) and third or more birth order can increase stunting incidence among toddlers of poor families of PKH recipients.

Health services, intersectoriality and social control: a comparative study on a conditional income transfer program

2021 ◽  
pp. 175797592199615
Author(s):  
José Anael Neves ◽  
Lia Thieme Oikawa Zangirolani ◽  
Maria Angélica Tavares de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Access To Health

The Bolsa Família Program (BFP) is one of the largest conditional cash transfer programs in the world, providing cash transfers and intersectoral actions. The aim of this study was to compare whether there is a difference in access to health services, intersectoral actions and social control, between families entitled or not, to the BFP. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A representative sample of a peripheral, socioeconomically vulnerable population from a large urban center in southeastern Brazil was calculated, totaling 380 families. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and multiple correspondence analysis were used to compare groups. Families entitled to the BFP had worse living conditions in general and greater access to health services, such as: medical care ( p-value 0.009), community healthcare agent ( p-value 0.001) and home visits ( p-value 0.041). Being entitled or not affected the variability in the pattern of access to services by 31%; low access to intersectoral actions was identified in both groups; social control was incipient. There was an adequate focus on the program; greater access to health services was related to compliance with conditionalities; low access to intersectoral actions can restrict the interruption of the cycle of intergenerational transmission of poverty.

scholarly journals SickKids Centre for Global Child Health - Chronic Child Malnutrition Project Placement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

I completed a 16-week practicum at the SickKids Centre for Global Child Health where I was a part of the stunting team led by Dr. Nadia Akseer under the research portfolio of Dr. Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. Linear growth stunting, or low height-for-age, is a visible and easily measurable physical manifestation of chronic malnutrition. Children who are stunted have higher rates of mortality and morbidity, as well as experience suboptimal cognitive and motor development. At the time of my placement, one of the team's main projects was a mixed-methods study involving an in-depth evaluation of policies, programs, and factors that have contributed to the decline of under-5 stunting in Ethiopia from 2000-2016. I worked on a variety of components of the manuscript for this study. These included narratives for country demographics, background statistics as well as migration and remittance trends. I also contributed to a literature review on factors that have contributed to a reduction in stunting in Ethiopia in relation to an adapted version of UNICEF's conceptual framework for malnutrition. In addition to the manuscript, I conducted a multivariable analysis of the 2016 determinants of under-5 wasting in Ethiopia. Wasting, or low weight for height, is a form of acute malnutrition and is also a risk factor for mortality. I applied a hierarchical analysis to wasting indicators such as disease, household wealth, maternal education and access to health services. I used Ethiopia's 2016 Demographic and Health Survey data and additional data sources provided through various Ethiopian government ministries. Overall my practicum was a rich interdisciplinary learning experience which allowed me to develop my quantitative and qualitative research skills. I also gained a deeper understanding of global health research processes and the multi-sectoral nature of combating child malnutrition.

DID PUBLIC CASH TRANSFER CROWD OUT INTER-HOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS IN INDONESIA? EVIDENCE FROM "BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI /BLT"

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Corry Wulandari ◽  
Nadezhda Baryshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
The Government

In 2005 the Government of Indonesia introduced an unconditional cash transfer program called the ‘Bantuan Langsung Tunai’ (BLT), aimed at assisting poor people who were suffering from the removal of a fuel subsidy. There are concerns, however, that the introduction of a public transfer system can negatively affect inter-household transfers through the crowding-out effect, which exists when donor households reduce the amount of their transfers in line with public transfers received from the government. The poor may not therefore have received any meaningful impact from the public cash transfer, as they potentially receive fewer transfers from inter-household private donors. For the government to design a public transfer system, it is necessary to properly understand the dynamics of private transfer behaviour. Hence, this study evaluates whether there exists a crowding-out effect of public transfers on inter-household transfers in Indonesia.Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and by applying Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) and Difference-in-differences (DID) approaches, this study found that the likelihood to receive transfers from other family members (non-co-resident) reduces when the household receives BLT. However, there is no significant impact of BLT on transfers from parents and friends.

Effect of Cash Transfer on School Dropout Rates using Longitudinal Data Modelling: A Randomized Trial of Research Initiative to Support the Empowerment of girls (RISE) in Zambia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Mutale Sampa ◽  
Choolwe Jacobs ◽  
Patrick Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Rural Zambia

Background: School dropout rates, as well as early marriages and pregnancies, are high among adolescent girls in rural Zambia. In the quest to fight this, the Research Initiative to Support the Empowerment of girls (RISE) trial has been providing cash transfers and community dialogues to adolescent girls in rural Zambia. The overall goal of the study was to establish the effects of cash transfers on adolescent girls’ school dropout rates in selected provinces of Zambia. Methods: The study was nested in the RISE trial which is a cluster randomized trial conducted in Central and Southern provinces of Zambia. A total of 3500 adolescent girls were included in the study. Random intercepts model was used to model the individual effects estimates, taking account of the dependency that was likely to occur due to the repeated measurements and clustering in the study. Results: Girls who were married or cohabiting and girls who had given birth, were significantly less likely to be in school (OR=0.004, 95% CI {0.001-0.02}, p-value=<0.0001) and (OR=0.003, 95% CI {0.02-0.04}, p-value=<0.0001) respectively. Consistently receiving cash transfers increased the chance of a girl being in school (OR=8.51, 95% CI {4.50-16.08}, p-value=<0.0001). There was an indication that the combined intervention arm had a reduced chance of girls being in school, however, we could not rule out chance finding (OR=0.89, 95% CI {0.59-1.36}, p=0.606). Conclusion: The study found that marriage or cohabiting and giving birth whilst in school reduce the chances of the girl continuing schooling. No significant association could be attributed to the type of intervention, However, consistent receipt of cash transfers was shown to be a protective factor of school dropout rates in the study.

Poverty Relief Programs in Postcommunist Countries: A Case Study on the Albanian and Chinese Programs

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Cost

Social assistance is a cash transfer program targeting the poorest households. China has created the Dibao (DB), meaning minimum livelihood guarantee, the most extensive unconditional cash transfer program globally with over 70 million people covered, whereas in Albania, the Ndhime Ekonomike (NE) meaning financial help covers around 15% of the total working-age population. Both programs are means-tested, have strict requirements for eligibility, and have been enlarged and modified in time to improve targeting and tackling leakage. In this article, we will look at similarities and common issues first, and then calculate the cost of enlarging both programs to all working-age population with no means-testing. We argue that a UBI (universal basic income) can increase private expenditure in health and education while costing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in both countries’ rural areas. We will conclude by looking at how the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing developing countries toward a UBI by first adopting a temporary basic income (TBI).

scholarly journals Combination of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions reduces child mortality: an ecological study of Brazilian municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelise Andrade de Souza ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Mingoti ◽  
Rômulo Paes-Sousa ◽  
Leo Heller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract Background This study aims to assess the interactive effects of Brazilian public interventions, environmental health programs (access to water, sanitation and solid waste collection) and a Conditional Cash Transfer Program (PBF), on the mortality reduction due to diarrhea and malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Methods The study design is ecological, with longitudinal analysis in a balanced panel. The period covered is 2006 to 2016, including 3467 municipalities from all regions of the country, which resulted in 38,137 observations. The generalized linear models were adjusted considering the Negative Binomial (NB) distribution for the number of deaths due to malnutrition and diarrhea, with fixed effects. NB models with and without zero-inflation were assessed. Subsequent interaction models were applied to assess the combined effects of the two public policies. Results In relation to the decline of mortality rates due to diarrhea in the municipalities, positive effect modification were observed in the presence of: high coverage of the target population by the PBF and access to water, 0.54 (0.28–1.04) / 0.55 (0.29–1.04); high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to water, 0.97 (0.95–1.00) and high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation, 0.98 (0.97–1.00). Decline on diarrhea mortality was also observed in the joint presence of high coverage of solid waste collection and access to water, categories 1 (> 60% ≤85%): 0.98 (0.96–1.00), 0.98 (0.97–1, 00) and 2 (> 85% ≤ 100%): 0.97 (0.95–0.98), 0.97 (0.95–0.99). Negative effect modification were observed for mortality due to malnutrition in the presence of simultaneous high coverage of the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation categories 1 (≥ 20 < 50%): 1.0061 (0.9991–1.0132) and 2 (≥ 50 < 100%): 1.0073 (1.0002–1.0145) and high coverage of the total population by the PBF and solid waste collection, 1.0004 (1.0002–1.0005), resulting in malnutrition mortality rates increase. Conclusion Implementation of environmental health services and the coverage expansion by the PBF may enhance the prevention of early deaths in children under 5 years old due to diarrhea, a poverty related disease.

Constructing a summary index using the standardized inverse-covariance weighted average of indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-964
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schwab ◽  
Sarah Janzen ◽  
Nicholas P. Magnan ◽  
William M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
American Statistical Association ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Generalized Least Squares Method ◽  
Summary Index ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers often want to examine the relationship between a variable of interest and multiple related outcomes. To avoid problems of inference that arise from testing multiple hypotheses, one can create a summary index of the outcomes. Summary indices facilitate generalizing findings and can be more powerful than individual tests. In this article, we introduce a command, swindex, that implements the generalized least-squares method of index construction proposed by Anderson (2008, Journal of the American Statistical Association 103: 1481–1495). We describe the command and its options and provide an example based on Blattman, Fiala, and Martinez’s (2014, Quarterly Journal of Economics 129: 697–752) evaluation of a cash transfer program in Uganda.

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