scholarly journals The Prospects and Challenges of Economic Liberalization in Reducing Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Alfath Bagus Panuntun El Nur Indonesia
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Extractive Industry ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Bargaining Position

This article discusses whether economic liberalisation policies have succeeded in alleviating poverty and inequality in Indonesia. In addition, this article aims to provide alternative policies to strengthen Indonesia’s bargaining position in international trade forums by shifting the extractive industry to knowledge-based industries and fixing the fragile social protection system when faced with COVID-19. This article is written descriptively and analytically based on various data, such as literature, planning documents, news reports, and other sources. Despite the prospect of economic liberalisation, the findings show Indonesia has three main problems: statistical data that does not reflect reality, overlapping regulations, and weak governance. This article offers several policy recommendations that need improvement based on the “Going for Growth” framework.  Keywords: economic liberalisation, poverty alleviation, inequality, social protection, and going for growth    Tulisan ini mendiskusikan apakah kebijakan liberalisasi ekonomi berhasil dalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia. Selain itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif kebijakan dalam rangka memperkuat posisi tawar Indonesia dalam forum perdagangan internasional dengan menggeser industri ekstraktif ke industri berbasis pengetahuan, sekaligus membenahi sistem perlindungan sosial yang rapuh ketika dihadapkan pada COVID-19. Tulisan ini ditulis secara deskriptif dan analitis berdasarkan dukungan dari berbagai data, seperti literatur, dokumen perencanaan, laporan berita, dan sumber lainnya. Meskipun terdapat prospek dari liberalisasi ekonomi, temuan menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki tiga masalah utama: data statistik yang tidak mencerminkan realitas, regulasi yang tumpang tindih, dan lemahnya tata kelola pemerintahan. Tulisan ini menawarkan beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan yang perlu ditingkatkan berdasarkan kerangka berpikir “Going for Growth”.  Kata kunci: liberalisasi ekonomi, pengentasan kemiskinan, ketimpangan, perlindungan sosial dan going for growth 

Knowledge-Based Decision Support for Diagnosis and Therapy: On the Multiple Usability of Patient Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haux
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Attribute Selection ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Clinical Registries

Abstract:Expert systems in medicine are frequently restricted to assisting the physician to derive a patient-specific diagnosis and therapy proposal. In many cases, however, there is a clinical need to use these patient data for other purposes as well. The intention of this paper is to show how and to what extent patient data in expert systems can additionally be used to create clinical registries and for statistical data analysis. At first, the pitfalls of goal-oriented mechanisms for the multiple usability of data are shown by means of an example. Then a data acquisition and inference mechanism is proposed, which includes a procedure for controlling selection bias, the so-called knowledge-based attribute selection. The functional view and the architectural view of expert systems suitable for the multiple usability of patient data is outlined in general and then by means of an application example. Finally, the ideas presented are discussed and compared with related approaches.

scholarly journals Revisiting the dynamic interactions between economic growth and environmental pollution in Italy: evidence from a gradient descent algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mele ◽  
Cosimo Magazzino ◽  
Nicolas Schneider ◽  
Floriana Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Gradient Descent Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Strand ◽  
Yearly Data

AbstractAlthough the literature on the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions is extensive, the use of machine learning (ML) tools remains seminal. In this paper, we assess this nexus for Italy using innovative algorithms, with yearly data for the 1960–2017 period. We develop three distinct models: the batch gradient descent (BGD), the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). Despite the phase of low Italian economic growth, results reveal that CO2 emissions increased in the predicting model. Compared to the observed statistical data, the algorithm shows a correlation between low growth and higher CO2 increase, which contradicts the main strand of literature. Based on this outcome, adequate policy recommendations are provided.

Internet plus policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalin Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Cooperative Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and determine the best course of action for policymakers in China when dealing with the implementation of best practices for the internet of things (IoT). The recently introduced Internet Plus strategy is an attempt by Chinese policymakers to boost the Chinese economy by diminishing its reliance on manufacturing and export in favor of a knowledge-based economy driven by services and the tech sector. The IoT is arguably one of the key drivers behind this transformation. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts an analysis of existing literature on the IoT and uses two complimentary theories, resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, to determine a set of policy recommendations. Findings A cooperative relationship between policymakers, start-up firms and academia is essential to the success of the IoT. The artificial intelligence industry also plays a key role in the development of the IoT and requires strategic funding and favorable policy. Finally, established and cost-effective standards and practices are much more likely to be effective than new and costly alternatives. Originality/value This paper examines the newly established field of the IoT and sets out a number of policy recommendations needed for its success. To achieve this, the author uses two complimentary theories unique to the business management field but increasingly compatible with the Chinese public policy sector.

scholarly journals Public Welfare as One of the Directions of Activity of Zemstvos in Yekaterinoslav Region in 1914–1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Anna Manko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
World War ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of zemstvos in Yekaterinoslav province during the World War First to the development of the system of public welfare in the province.Methods of research – historiographical analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods of cognition.The system of public welfare began to be formed after the Zemstvoʼs reform in 1864. Gradually, the main directions of rural care were distinguished: care for servicemen who devoted a significant part of their lives to the army or had special merits; care for persons deprived of livelihood (orphans, incurable ill); care for persons suffering from mental disorders. Zemstvos at their own expense kept orphanages, mansions, homes for the incurably ill, educational-handicrafts homes-invalids. nurseries and temporary shelters for children whose parents were busy with agricultural work. The undeniable merit of Zemstvos was that social protection began to be regarded as one of the most important social affairs, which was extremely relevant in the context of the growing number of people in need of protection, especially during the First World War. However, despite some progress in the organization of social protection, the size of the zemstvos in the field of care with low-income sections of society were insufficient.The results obtained during the study can be used during the teaching of the course "History of Ukraine", studies of local lore.The scientific novelty of the study is to analyze statistical data on the work of zemstvos Yekaterinoslav province in the field of public welfare.The article is of an exploratory nature.

Resource-Free Parenting: The Not So Curious Absence of Money in Policy Discourses of Good Parenting in the UK and Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Dermott ◽  
Junko Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Discourses

This article examines recent Japanese and UK policy recommendations on parenting practices and highlights the absence of material resources in these discussions. Parenting has gained increased prominence in recent decades. In the realm of policy, there has been an expansive shift; from a narrowly focused concern with detecting neglect and abuse to the wider project of promoting ‘good’ parenting. Focusing on advice offered in relation to education and food, we note that in both Japan and the UK the relationship between money and the ability to perform idealised parenting practices is rarely mentioned. Our comparative analysis also highlights that this silence is handled differently in the two national contexts, and we suggest that this reflects different historical interests in poverty and inequality. In Japan, parents are encouraged to undertake activities that require financial resources, but the question of how poor parents should manage is left largely unanswered: in the UK, the parenting activities given greatest attention are those that do not rely on money, meaning that poverty can be left off the positive parenting agenda.

Under Construction

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Patrick Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Government ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Welfare And Poverty ◽  
Land Water

Club members believe that the government is wasteful, corrupt, and largely inattentive to the needs of India’s majority poor. Yet these members also play golf at clubs that benefit from generous government subsidies on land, water, and other resources, which together divert funds from programs of social welfare and poverty alleviation. Drawing on interviews and archival material at the Karnataka Golf Association (KGA), specifically, the chapter gives context to this apparent contradiction. Whether at the club or in their professional lives, members’ reported experiences of government inefficiencies and corrupt officials justify their anti-government bias, while giving them the chance to present as even moderately radical in their views on poverty and inequality.

scholarly journals A Review on photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects in China: conjunctures, current status and policy recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 00012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peishi Wu ◽  
Siyu Ke ◽  
Yiling Gao
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Benefit Distribution ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Goal Planning ◽  
Financial Issues

Photovoltaic-based targeted poverty alleviation (PVPA) has been established for 10 years with the mission of one of “the ten large-scale poverty relief programs” in China. This paper would firstly examine the historical conjuncture of the PVPA, followed by the current status and the analysis of policy instruments. Results show that there are mainly three categories of policy instruments: the supply-type ones, the environment-oriented ones and the demand-type ones, with the previous two emphasized. The three most popular policy instruments that governments prefer to use are goal planning, financial support and infrastructure construction. Despite the great achievements, PVPA also need some improvements to be better implemented, and in the last part of the paper, some policy implementations are made regarding the unbalance distribution of the instruments among three above-mentioned classifications, as well as financial issues and accountability factors. It is suggested that governments should pay more attention to the demand-type policy instruments such as procurement or encouragement of the PV power generated by PVPA projects, and at the same time find better ways to supervise the benefit distribution.

Democracy and Social Policy in Brazil: Advancing Basic Needs, Preserving Privileged Interests

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Hunter ◽  
Natasha Borges Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Political System ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
Security Education

AbstractHas democracy promoted poverty alleviation and equity-enhancing reforms in Brazil, a country of striking inequality and destitution? The effects of an open, competitive political system have not been straightforward. Factors that would seem to work toward this goal include the voting power of poor people, the progressive 1988 Constitution, the activism of social movements, and governance since 1995 by presidents affiliated with center-left and left parties. Yet these factors have been counterbalanced by the strong political influence and lobbying power of organized interests with a stake in preexisting arrangements of social protection and human capital formation. An analysis of four key federal sectors, social security, education, health care, and public assistance, illustrates the challenges for social sector reforms that go beyond raising basic living standards to enhancing socioeconomic inequality.

BEING POOR IN A RICH "NANNY STATE": DEVELOPMENTS IN SINGAPORE SOCIAL WELFARE

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550038 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE Y. H. NG
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Social Divide ◽  
Wage Earnings

This paper reviews the trends in poverty and inequality in Singapore since independence, as well as policy recommendations adopted through the years, and their results. Poverty is discussed not only in terms of wage earnings, but also in relation to employment conditions, social challenges that pile up together with income poverty, and intergenerational mobility. The paper finds that notwithstanding improvements in early decades, after fifty years, the problems of a social divide and poverty have come full circle. Social policy in Singapore retains its fundamentally productivist philosophical orientation, but the recent deterioration in poverty, inequality and mobility trends is leading to adoption of more welfare-oriented and universalist policy solutions. Social inclusion is now a national priority, and policy redirection for the future needs to take place in wide-ranging policy domains, including the labor market and economic growth.

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