scholarly journals An Analysis on Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p89
Author(s):  
Carlene Olivia Fider ◽  
Shey Quinton Olaoshebikan
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Interactive Technology ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article ◽  
Over Time

The introduction of mobile media to children of very young ages continues to be a topic of discussion in many academic and professional circles. Over time, the suggested guidelines specific to children and interaction with mobile and interactive technology have changed, yet there are still some unknowns regarding the impact of replacing actual human interaction with interactive devices. While there are certainly benefits to having children exposed to these forms of technology, there are potential drawbacks. This current opinion article seeks provide a narrative regarding current work that is related to children and their engagement with interactive technology.

The Impact of Trauma on Brain Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Susan Stewart Bray ◽  
Jennifer P. Stone ◽  
Richard L. Gaskill
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Multiple Traumas

As many as four million children experience trauma every year, and some children experience multiple traumas over time. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the scope and the impacts of trauma on young children. The types of experiences that may be traumatizing to children and the potential effects of these experiences were included. A synopsis of the neurodevelopmental process was also provided along with the impact of trauma at the various neurodevelopmental stages. A neurodevelopmentally appropriate treatment model was described, and the model included the three neurosequential phases of regulate, relate, and reason. In the final section, a review of the impacts of trauma on school performance was provided, and suggestions for advocacy with classroom teachers were included.

scholarly journals Performance of Young Children in Rural Guatemala on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1246
Author(s):  
A M Colbert ◽  
D Bauer ◽  
P Arroyave ◽  
S Hernández ◽  
M A Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective The literature supports using tests developed in high-income countries to assess children in low and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) when carefully translated, adapted, and applied (Holding et al., 2018; Mitchell et al., 2017). Research has shown the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) to have adequate validity and sensitivity when used in LMICs (Bangirana et al., 2014; Koura et al., 2013), as well as equivalency to the American normative sample in lower risk populations (Bornman et al., 2010). Here, we describe the pattern of MSEL results in rural Guatemala. Participants and Method Children (n = 842; M enrollment age = 15.9 months; range 0-5 years) enrolled in an observational study of postnatal Zika exposure in rural Guatemala were administered an adapted and translated version of the MSEL (Connery et al., in press). To date, 352 children completed one, 393 children completed two, and 97 children completed three MSELs, for a total of 1,429 administrations. Results MSEL composite scores were similar to the American normative sample in children <12 months (M = 93.3, SD = 11.1), but lower for children ages 1-5 years (mean = 71.1, SD = 15.1, p < 0.0001). Moreover, lower scores were observed in children ages 1-5 years for all MSEL subscales, with the largest differences observed in receptive language (<12 years: mean = 47.8, SD = 7.1; 1-5 years: mean = 35.1, SD = 10.0, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Results are consistent with research that demonstrates a widening gap in test performance over time between children from higher and lower risk communities (Fernald et al., 2011; Paxson et al., 2005; Schady et al., 2015). Although findings are not meant to diagnose individual children, they highlight population changes in neurodevelopmental skills and the need for a better understanding of developmental patterns in LMICs. Future analyses will evaluate the impact of developmental risk factors over time and the performance of the MSEL in this population. References Bangirana, P., Opoka, R. O., Boivin, M. J., Idro, R., Hodges, J. S., Romero, R. A., … John, C. C. (2014). Severe Malarial Anemia is Associated With Long-term Neurocognitive Impairment. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(3), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu293. Bornman, J., Sevcik, R. A., Romski, M., & Pae, H. K. (2010). Successfully Translating Language and Culture when Adapting Assessment Measures, ppi_254 111.118. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00254.x. Fernald, L. C. H., Weber, A., Galasso, E., & Ratsifandrihamanana, L. (2011). Socioeconomic gradients and child development in a very low income population: Evidence from Madagascar. Developmental Science, 14(4), 832–847. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01032.x. Holding, P., Anum, A., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Vokhiwa, M., Bugase, N., Hossen, T., … Gomes, M. (2018). Can we measure cognitive constructs consistently within and across cultures? Evidence from a test battery in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Tanzania. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 7(1), 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2016.1206823. Koura, K. G., Boivin, M. J., Davidson, L. L., Ouédraogo, S., Zoumenou, R., Alao, M. J., … Bodeau-Livinec, F. (2013). Usefulness of child development assessments for low-resource settings in francophone Africa. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, 34(7), 486–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31829d211c. Mitchell, J. M., Tomlinson, M., Bland, R. M., Houle, B., Stein, A., & Rochat, T. J. (2017). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Kaufman assessment battery in a sample of primary school-aged children in rural South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246317741822. Paxson, C., Schady, N., Izquierdo, S., León, M., Lucio, R., Ponce, J., … Hall, W. (2005). Cognitive Development among Young Children in Ecuador The Roles of Wealth, Health, and Parenting. Retrieved from http://econ.worldbank.org. Schady, N., Behrman, J., Araujo, M. C., Azuero, R., Bernal, R., Bravo, D., … Vakis, R. (2015). Wealth gradients in early childhood cognitive development in five Latin American countries. The Journal of Human Resources, 50(2), 446–463. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983344.

The Impact of Trauma on Brain Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Susan Stewart Bray ◽  
Jennifer P. Stone ◽  
Richard L. Gaskill
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Multiple Traumas

As many as four million children experience trauma every year, and some children experience multiple traumas over time. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the scope and the impacts of trauma on young children. The types of experiences that may be traumatizing to children and the potential effects of these experiences were included. A synopsis of the neurodevelopmental process was also provided along with the impact of trauma at the various neurodevelopmental stages. A neurodevelopmentally appropriate treatment model was described, and the model included the three neurosequential phases of regulate, relate, and reason. In the final section, a review of the impacts of trauma on school performance was provided, and suggestions for advocacy with classroom teachers were included.

scholarly journals How and when do mobile media demands impact well-being? Explicating the integrative model of mobile media use and need experiences (IM3UNE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Schneider ◽  
Sarah Lutz ◽  
Annabell Halfmann ◽  
Adrian Meier ◽  
Leonard Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Using mobile media can be both detrimental and beneficial for well-being. Thus, explaining how and when they elicit such effects is of crucial importance. To explicate boundary conditions and processes for digital well-being, this article introduces the Integrative Model of Mobile Media Use and Need Experiences (IM³UNE). Instead of assuming mobile media to be pathogenic, the IM³UNE offers a salutogenic perspective—it focuses on how we can stay healthy when using mobile media ubiquitously in daily life. More specifically, the model assumes that both the satisfaction and the frustration of basic psychological needs are key underlying mechanisms linking demanding mobile media use to well-being. However, the impact of these mechanisms is contingent on how users perceive, appraise, act on, and make sense of mobile media demands according to their global orientation to life (i.e., their sense of coherence; SOC). Integrating prior work, we theoretically link mindfulness, self-control, and meaningfulness to SOC’s central facets, arguing that they represent crucial personal resources required to cope with mobile media demands. Thus, the IM³UNE offers an integrative framework, guiding further research towards a more nuanced, less technologically deterministic study of mobile media’s well-being effects.

Mobile Media Use, Multitasking and Distractibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Levine ◽  
Bradley M. Waite ◽  
Laura L. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Neuropsychological Findings

Portable media devices are ubiquitous and their use has become a core component of many people’s daily experience, but to what effect? In this paper, the authors review research on the ways in which media use and multitasking relate to distraction, distractibility and impulsivity. They review recent research on the effects of media multitasking on driving, walking, work, and academic performance. The authors discuss earlier research concerning the nature of media’s impact on attention and review cognitive and neuropsychological findings on the effects of divided attention. Research provides clear evidence that mobile media use is distracting, with consequences for safety, efficiency and learning. Greater use of media is correlated with higher levels of trait impulsivity and distractibility, but the direction of causality has not been established. Individuals may become more skilled at media multitasking over time, but intervention is currently required to improve the safe and effective use of mobile media.

scholarly journals The Home Screen Media Environment of Saudi Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifa Alroqi ◽  
Ludovica Serratrice ◽  
Thea Cameron-Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Media Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Screen Media ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Screen Media Use

The past few years have witnessed a rapid increase in the use of screen media by adults and children alike. Despite the widespread use of technology in Saudi Arabia, previous findings on Saudi children’s screen media use have been inconsistent and contradictory. The current study provides a comprehensive picture of screen media use among young children in Saudi Arabia. It explored the home screen media environment of 220 children aged 1 to 3 years, whose primary caregivers completed an online survey. Findings showed that the vast majority of these children had started using screens before the age of 2 years. On average, Saudi toddlers watched television for about 2 hours a day and used mobile media devices for about 1 hour a day. Their overall screen time was about 3 hours a day. Results also indicated that media use rates among Saudi toddlers are higher than those reported in the United States and the United Kingdom. The most viewed content genre on mobile media was children’s songs. Understanding children’s patterns of media use is an important first step in guiding the development of research-driven recommendations for all stakeholders on the use of screen media by young children.

scholarly journals How and when do mobile media demands impact well-being? Explicating the Integrative Model of Mobile Media Use and Need Experiences (IM3UNE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 205015792110549
Author(s):  
Frank M. Schneider ◽  
Sarah Lutz ◽  
Annabell Halfmann ◽  
Adrian Meier ◽  
Leonard Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Using mobile media can be both detrimental and beneficial for well-being. Thus, explaining how and when they elicit such effects is of crucial importance. To explicate boundary conditions and processes for digital well-being, this article introduces the Integrative Model of Mobile Media Use and Need Experiences (IM³UNE). Instead of assuming mobile media to be pathogenic, the IM³UNE offers a salutogenic perspective—it focuses on how we can stay healthy when using mobile media ubiquitously in daily life. More specifically, the model assumes that both the satisfaction and the frustration of basic psychological needs are key underlying mechanisms linking demanding mobile media use to well-being. However, the impact of these mechanisms is contingent on how users perceive, appraise, act on, and make sense of mobile media demands according to their global orientation to life (i.e., their sense of coherence, SOC). Integrating prior work, we theoretically link mindfulness, self-control, and meaningfulness to SOC's central facets, arguing that they represent crucial personal resources required to cope with mobile media demands. Thus, the offers an integrative framework, guiding further research towards a more nuanced study of mobile media’s effect on well-being.

scholarly journals Mobile Communication Studies

Communication ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Mobile Culture

Mobile media are recognized as the fastest-growing media category. Although mobile media users were already enjoying mobile devices in their everyday lives, prior to the millennium there was a lack of research in the area of mobile communication studies. Communication research swelled during the first two decades of the 21st century, reflecting the increase in mobile media use. Most researchers focus on three perspectives: human interaction through mobile media, mobile culture, and mobile media as a means to a better life. They have studied how mobile phones, short message services, and mobile music devices have changed the way people do everyday things. An increasing number of mobile communication studies focus on how mobile social media, such as Twitter, help to foster civic engagement. This article mainly takes a sociological perspective to document mobile communication studies in the field. It includes research into how people adopt mobile media, how mobile media are used, and how mobile culture meanings and norms are created in everyday life. The bibliographies here include and analyze case studies from around the world, many of which focus on the social consequences of ever-present mobile media use. Many of the mobile communication studies mentioned here investigate how youths use mobile media to create their personal identities, group identities, and social networks. Some of the works cited here reflect researchers’ attempts to understand if mobile media separate their users—or bring them together. Some of the studies focus on mobile media “haves” and “have-nots,” while others pay more attention to how mobile media can be used for positive socioeconomic development. Additionally, these sources explore some possible quandaries resulting from mobile media use.

scholarly journals The socio-spatial determinants of COVID-19 diffusion: the impact of globalisation, settlement characteristics and population

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sigler ◽  
Sirat Mahmuda ◽  
Anthony Kimpton ◽  
Julia Loginova ◽  
Pia Wohland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Disease Diffusion ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background COVID-19 is an emergent infectious disease that has spread geographically to become a global pandemic. While much research focuses on the epidemiological and virological aspects of COVID-19 transmission, there remains an important gap in knowledge regarding the drivers of geographical diffusion between places, in particular at the global scale. Here, we use quantile regression to model the roles of globalisation, human settlement and population characteristics as socio-spatial determinants of reported COVID-19 diffusion over a six-week period in March and April 2020. Our exploratory analysis is based on reported COVID-19 data published by Johns Hopkins University which, despite its limitations, serves as the best repository of reported COVID-19 cases across nations. Results The quantile regression model suggests that globalisation, settlement, and population characteristics related to high human mobility and interaction predict reported disease diffusion. Human development level (HDI) and total population predict COVID-19 diffusion in countries with a high number of total reported cases (per million) whereas larger household size, older populations, and globalisation tied to human interaction predict COVID-19 diffusion in countries with a low number of total reported cases (per million). Population density, and population characteristics such as total population, older populations, and household size are strong predictors in early weeks but have a muted impact over time on reported COVID-19 diffusion. In contrast, the impacts of interpersonal and trade globalisation are enhanced over time, indicating that human mobility may best explain sustained disease diffusion. Conclusions Model results confirm that globalisation, settlement and population characteristics, and variables tied to high human mobility lead to greater reported disease diffusion. These outcomes serve to inform suppression strategies, particularly as they are related to anticipated relocation diffusion from more- to less-developed countries and regions, and hierarchical diffusion from countries with higher population and density. It is likely that many of these processes are replicated at smaller geographical scales both within countries and within regions. Epidemiological strategies must therefore be tailored according to human mobility patterns, as well as countries’ settlement and population characteristics. We suggest that limiting human mobility to the greatest extent practical will best restrain COVID-19 diffusion, which in the absence of widespread vaccination may be one of the best lines of epidemiological defense.

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