scholarly journals Personal Experience on the Problem of Ethical Behavior in Scientific Publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p29
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bottoni
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cover Up ◽  
Made In

The American Scientist published in 2011 an article by Anderson Melissa S. et al. dedicated to the problem of ethical conduct in the publication of technical and scientific papers. The author of this article was motivated to reconsider events which occurred to him in the years 1990-1996 at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) U.S., under the viewpoint of the analysis made in the mentioned article. While at ANL the author invited Prof. Katsuhiro Sakai, of the Osaka University, Japan, to cooperate with him, during a one-year stay, on numerical problems related to thermal and fluid-dynamics computer simulations. At the end of the stay Prof. Sakai wrote a report documenting his work made with the author. The section manager, who had not cooperated to the technical work, pretended to be considered as co-author of the report, excluding the author of this article. This blatant violation of professional ethics was reported to higher management levels which, however, engaged in a cover-up policy, thus violating the Code of Ethics established by the Laboratory. Those events are summarised in this article and reviewed from the viewpoint of the considerations illustrated in the article by Anderson Melissa S. et al.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE PUBLICATION ACTIVITY AT UNIVERSITIES AND SCIENTIFIC CENTERS OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Nargiza Pazilova ◽  
Marat Rakhmatullaev
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Electronic Information Resources ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Republic

The article analyses the publication activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the years of independence. A background has been given to the collection of funds for academic libraries until 1991, in the early 90s and over the past decades, where the dynamics of changes in the number of scientific publications in universities is traced. An analysis is given of the reasons for the decline in interest in scientific research, the publication of scientific papers in high-ranking journals, as well as trends in solving these problems in the country. The results of analytical studies of data from information systems Scopus and Web of Science are presented. The factors that most influence the quality of teaching and research are highlighted. The authors of the article expound their personal experience in conducting seminars, trainings, and master classes at universities in Uzbekistan. The article presents a training program for doctoral students, teachers and researchers on the use of world electronic information resources of leading publishers, as well as an analysis of their effectiveness. Information is also given on the reforms carried out in the country in recent years in the field of supporting libraries and scientific research, which have contributed to increasing publication activity. 

scholarly journals Estudio de los videopóster mediante anotaciones de vídeo como metodología para eventos científicos

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Ruiz Rey ◽  
Violeta Cebrián Robles ◽  
Manuel Cebrián de la Serna
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Video Annotation ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
One Year ◽  
Table Versus ◽  
Made In

Los encuentros científicos en línea motivados por la Covid19 han sido una práctica muy común recientemente. No es nueva esta modalidad, pero hoy por su crecimiento solicitan soluciones tecnológicas estables y experimentadas. En un año se ha avanzado mucho en diferentes funciones en los sistemas de videoconferencias, como también en nuevas fórmulas para presentar los trabajos científicos como son los videopóster, que utilizando tecnologías emergentes de anotaciones de vídeo permiten una mayor interacción y debate en los trabajos científicos en un evento en línea. El estudio analiza la cantidad y la calidad de las anotaciones dentro de las cuales se recogen los debates e interacciones entre los autores y los oyentes de una mesa de comunicaciones con videopóster frente a otra presencial. La evaluación de la experimentación se realiza bajo estudio descriptivo de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, y técnicas de análisis de contenidos “Q-análisis” de las 437 anotaciones y las 238 intervenciones en los 16 videopóster de un evento en línea. Los resultados muestran el doble de participación en la modalidad de videopóster frente a las Comunicaciones presenciales, al tiempo que se enumera un número relevante de beneficios que ofrecen los videopóster para el desarrollo de eventos en línea y redes profesionales de aprendizaje. Online scientific meetings motivated by Covid19 have been a very common practice recently. This modality is not new, but today, due to its growth, it requires stable and experienced technological solutions. In one year, much progress has been made in different functions in videoconferencing systems, as well as in new formulas for presenting scientific papers, such as videoposters, which, using emerging video annotation technologies, allow greater interaction and discussion of scientific papers in an online event. The study analyzes the quantity and quality generated by discussions between authors and listeners at a videoposter presentation table versus a face-to-face one. The evaluation of the experiment is performed under a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative data, and content analysis techniques "Q-analysis" of the 450 annotations and 355 interventions in the 16 videoposters of an online event. We found twice the production of participation in the video-poster modality compared to face-to-face communications, while listing a relevant number of benefits offered by videoposters for the development of online events and professional learning networks.

Electron and ion irradiation-induced dissolution of mechanical twins in the intermetalic U3Si: An in situ HVEM study

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen ◽  
Robert C. Birtcher
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mechanical Twinning ◽  
In Situ Experiments

The uranium silicides, including U3Si, are under study as candidate low enrichment nuclear fuels. Ion beam simulations of the in-reactor behavior of such materials are performed because a similar damage structure can be produced in hours by energetic heavy ions which requires years in actual reactor tests. This contribution treats one aspect of the microstructural behavior of U3Si under high energy electron irradiation and low dose energetic heavy ion irradiation and is based on in situ experiments, performed at the HVEM-Tandem User Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. This Facility interfaces a 2 MV Tandem ion accelerator and a 0.6 MV ion implanter to a 1.2 MeV AEI high voltage electron microscope, which allows a wide variety of in situ ion beam experiments to be performed with simultaneous irradiation and electron microscopy or diffraction.At elevated temperatures, U3Si exhibits the ordered AuCu3 structure. On cooling below 1058 K, the intermetallic transforms, evidently martensitically, to a body-centered tetragonal structure (alternatively, the structure may be described as face-centered tetragonal, which would be fcc except for a 1 pet tetragonal distortion). Mechanical twinning accompanies the transformation; however, diferences between electron diffraction patterns from twinned and non-twinned martensite plates could not be distinguished.

Environmental cell studies of deformation and fracture

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
H. K. Birnbaum ◽  
I. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
The University

Studies of the effects of hydrogen environments on the deformation and fracture of fcc, bcc and hep metals and alloys have been carried out in a TEM environmental cell. The initial experiments were performed in the environmental cell of the HVEM facility at Argonne National Laboratory. More recently, a dedicated environmental cell facility has been constructed at the University of Illinois using a JEOL 4000EX and has been used for these studies. In the present paper we will describe the general design features of the JEOL environmental cell and some of the observations we have made on hydrogen effects on deformation and fracture.The JEOL environmental cell is designed to operate at 400 keV and below; in part because of the available accelerating voltage of the microscope and in part because the damage threshold of most materials is below 400 keV. The gas pressure at which chromatic aberration due to electron scattering from the gas molecules becomes excessive does not increase rapidly with with accelerating voltage making 400 keV a good choice from that point of view as well. A series of apertures were placed above and below the cell to control the pressures in various parts of the column.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

scholarly journals Impact of Coronavirus Outbreaks on Science and Society: Insights from Temporal Bibliometry of SARS and COVID-19

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Ramya Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Prasad ◽  
Suresh Babu ◽  
Gitanjali Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Published Data ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Global Events ◽  
One Year ◽  
Personal Devices ◽  
Share Information

A global event such as the COVID-19 crisis presents new, often unexpected responses that are fascinating to investigate from both scientific and social standpoints. Despite several documented similarities, the coronavirus pandemic is clearly distinct from the 1918 flu pandemic in terms of our exponentially increased, almost instantaneous ability to access/share information, offering an unprecedented opportunity to visualise rippling effects of global events across space and time. Personal devices provide “big data” on people’s movement, the environment and economic trends, while access to the unprecedented flurry in scientific publications and media posts provides a measure of the response of the educated world to the crisis. Most bibliometric (co-authorship, co-citation, or bibliographic coupling) analyses ignore the time dimension, but COVID-19 has made it possible to perform a detailed temporal investigation into the pandemic. Here, we report a comprehensive network analysis based on more than 20,000 published documents on viral epidemics, authored by over 75,000 individuals from 140 nations in the past one year of the crisis. Unlike the 1918 flu pandemic, access to published data over the past two decades enabled a comparison of publishing trends between the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and those of the 2003 SARS epidemic to study changes in thematic foci and societal pressures dictating research over the course of a crisis.

scholarly journals NEW STRUCTURES IN 178HF AND COULOMB EXCITATION OF ISOMERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. HAYES ◽  
D. CLINE ◽  
C. Y. WU ◽  
A.M. HURST ◽  
M.P. CARPENTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Ground State Band ◽  
Rotational Bands ◽  
Coincidence Data ◽  
State Band

A 985 MeV 178 Hf beam was Coulomb excited by a 208 Pb target at the ATLAS accelerator of Argonne National Laboratory. Gammasphere and the CHICO particle detector recorded particle-γ coincidence data. The aim was to populate and determine the mechanism of previously observed Coulomb excitation of the Kπ = 6+ (t1/2 = 77 ns ), 8- (4 s ) and 16+ (31 y ) isomer bands. New rotational bands were identified including an aligned band which appears to mix with the ground-state band (GSB) and the γ-vibrational band above ~ 12 ħ of angular momentum. Newly observed γ-decay transitions into the three isomer bands may elucidate the K-mixing which allows Coulomb excitation of these isomer bands, but direct decays from the GSB into the 16+ isomer band have not yet been confirmed.

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