scholarly journals NONANTIBIOTICS ENHANCE THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CEFTRIAXONE AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Akilandeswari Krishnan ◽  
Ruckmani Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Mebeverine Hydrochloride ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Antiulcer Drugs

Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most persistent issues worldwide nowadays, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is one such issue where the standard therapeutic procedures involving powerful antibiotics have failed in controlling the infection.Methods: In the present study, the antibacterial potency of the nonantibiotics troxipide (TR), mebeverine hydrochloride (Hcl), and their combinations with ceftriaxone (CEF) against MRSA has been investigated using microbiological assays of microplate dilution method and combination index interpretations of the nonantibiotics with β-lactam antibiotic CEF and the zone of inhibition method.Results: The nonantibiotics ME and TR inhibited resistant strain tested in vitro in the checkerboard assay, where the results showed that CEF and TR exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at concentrations of 50 μg/ml and 318 μg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, CEF when combined with TR reduced the MIC to 8 μg/ml and 78 μg/ml. According to the results, CEF with TR exhibited synergistic interactions at the fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.36–1.4. ME and TR and its combinations, CEF with ME, and CEF with TR have considerable anti-MRSA efficacy, with synergism though at 36 h of incubation.Conclusion: ME and TR being antispasmodic and antiulcer drugs can also be used against MRSA infections, which could prove to be favorable in the reduction of dosage of antibiotics such as CEF, and cutting down the need for additional administration of antibiotics to the patients affected with multiple complications such as gastrointestinal ulcer, spasm difficulties, and infection.

scholarly journals Effects of Sauropus androgynus extract and its combination with ampicillin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Asih Rahayu ◽  
Chylen Setiyo Rini ◽  
Yos Adi Prakoso ◽  
Bagus Uda Palgunadi ◽  
Muhammad Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background and Aim: The massive utilization of antibiotics has increased resistant genes produced by bacteria. Many bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become resistant against ampicillin (AMP). The combination of an herbal extract with AMP is expected to generate synergistic effects and may restore the susceptibility of MRSA against AMP. This study aimed to analyze the potency of Sauropus androgynous extract (SAE) as a single extract and combination with AMP against MRSA. Materials and Methods: Sauropus androgynous was extracted using 60% ethanol. SAE biochemical compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were tested against MRSA isolates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration. The inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) was analyzed using a latex agglutination test. Further, the disruptive membrane effects of SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 16 with p=0.01. Results: SAE contained bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. Further, 2 mg/mL of SAE could be used as the potential concentration against MRSA isolates in vitro. In addition, the utilization of SAE+AMP generated synergistic effects, restored the susceptibility of isolates against AMP, decreased the synthesis of PBP2a by the MRSA, and induced ultrastructural changes in the bacterial membrane. Conclusion: This study indicated that the utilization of SAE potentially inhibits the growth of MRSA through decreasing of PBP2a expression, disruption of the MRSA membrane, while the combination of SAE+AMP showed synergistic effects against MRSA.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity of hydromethanol extracts from stems of Ximenia americana, Côte d’Ivoire species on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3429-3440
Author(s):  
Baudelaire Affi Kakou ◽  
Anoubile Benie ◽  
Alain Hugues N’Guessan ◽  
Konan K. Fernique ◽  
N.K. Guessennd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Ximenia Americana

The emergence of bacteria resistant to several families of antibiotics is nowadays a public health problem in the world. To overcome this, it appeared necessary to explore sources of active molecules from natural substances. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out the phytochemical sorting of hydromethanol extracts from Ximenia americana stems and to evaluate their antibacterial activities on the in-vitro growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical screening performed allowed us to identify saponins, sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. HPLC-MS/MS analysis lead to the identification of a variety of flavan-3ol, quercetin and derivatives. The study of antibacterial activity carried out on 5 multi-resistant clinical strains and on a reference strain by the Muller-Hinton agar medium diffusion and dilution method showed that the extracts were active on all the strains with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 100 mg and MBCs ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg. The antibacterial potential of these extracts highlighted in this study could make this plant a candidate for in-depth investigations that could lead to the discovery of new antibacterial molecules. L’apparition de bactéries résistantes à plusieurs familles d’antibiotiques constitue, de nos jours, un problème de santé publique dans le monde. Pour y remédier, l’exploration de sources de molécules actives à partir des substances naturelles s’est avérée nécessaire. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette étude était de réaliser le tri phytochimique des extraits hydrométhanoliques de tiges de Ximenia americana et d’évaluer leurs activités antibactériennes sur la croissance in-vitro des Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline. Le screening phytochimique réalisé a permis d’identifier des saponines, des stérols et polyterpènes, des polyphénols, des tanins et des flavonoïdes. L’analyse à la HPLC-MS/MS a permis d’identifier une variété de flavan-3ol, de la quercétine et dérivées. L’étude de l’activité antibactérienne réalisée sur 5 souches cliniques multirésistantes et sur une souche de référence par la méthode de diffusion et de dilution en milieu gélosé Muller-Hinton a montré que les extraits étaient actifs sur toutes les souches avec des CMI variant de 6,25 à 100 mg et des CMB variant de 12,5 à 100 mg. Le potentiel antibactérien de ces extraits mis en évidence dans cette étude pourrait faire de cette plante une candidate à des investigations approfondies pouvant aboutir à la découverte de nouvelles molécules antibactériennes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of SM-17466, a novel carbapenem antibiotic with potent activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sumita ◽  
H Nouda ◽  
K Kanazawa ◽  
M Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of SM-17466, a new 1 beta-methyl carbapenem, were evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isoaltes and compared with the activities of meropenem, imipenem, vancomycin, and arbekacin. SM-17466 had a broad spectrum of action against gram-positive bacteria, showing especially potent activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The MICs of SM-17466, meropenem, imipenem, vancomycin, and arbekacin at which 90% of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited were 3.13, 50, 100, 1.56, and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively. This activity of SM-17466 was almost equivalent to those of the antibiotics used for the treatment of infections caused by this organism. SM-17466 also showed bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. In contrast, SM-17466 was less active against gram-negative bacteria, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared with the other carbapenems; however, of the carbapenems, SM-17466 exhibited the highest activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Bacteriodes fragilis. SM-17466, at a 50% inhibitory concentration of less than 1 microgram/ml, bound to penicillin-binding proteins 1 to 4 in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and also had good binding to penicillin-binding protein 2' in a methicillin-resistant strain (50% inhibitory concentration, 5.9 micrograms/ml). This high affinity, which was 10 and 20 times greater than those for meropenem and imipenem, respectively, was reflected in the potent activity of SM-17466 against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. SM-17466 demonstrated excellent in vivo efficacy against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus strains in a mouse peritoneal infection model: the efficacy of SM-17466 against methicillin-resistant strains was equal to or one-third that of vancomycin. This activity was comparable to the in vitro activity of SM-17466. The subcutaneous injection of SM-17466 in mice revealed that the half-life of SM-17466 in serum was about 18 min, intermediate between those of vancomycin and arbekacin and 1.5-fold that of imipenem-cilastatin. SM-17466 was resistant to hydrolysis by swine renal dehydropeptidase I, to an extent comparable to the resistance shown by meropenem.

Activity of Nadifloxacin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin Infections: Comparative Study with Seven other Fluoroquinolones

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishijima ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
N Tsuboi ◽  
H Akamatsu ◽  
T Horio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) to nadifloxacin and seven other fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin) was evaluated. The MRSA isolates were isolated from 114 skin infections between 1991 and 1994. Nadifloxacin exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and there were no MRSA isolates resistant to nadifloxacin, while there were some resistant to all of the other seven fluoroquinolones. The minimum concentrations of these drugs needed to cause 50% inhibition of the isolates increased dramatically from 1991 to 1992, but has hardly changed since 1992.

scholarly journals Growing Resistance to Vancomycin among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Different Clinical Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (196) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Chandra Pahadi ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Ritu Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), majorly associated with nosocomial and community infections worldwide, are emerging as resistant strains to many antibiotics narrowing down the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. In order to investigate the changing resistant pattern of MRSA to empirical drugs, the study was carried out at KIST Medical College and Hospital, Nepal. It also aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin among MRSA. Methods: Altogether 3500 clinical samples including 1303 blood, 1489 urine and 708 body fluids were collected and processed. Isolated S. aureus were further screened for methicillin resistance by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique using cefoxitin (30μg) disk. All MRSA were subjected to in vitro determination of MIC of vancomycin by agar dilution method as recommended by CLSI guidelines. Results: Total 287 S. aureus were isolated from the different clinical samples. Altogether 248 (86.41%) were found to be multidrug resistance (MDR) while 42 (14.63%) of the isolates were methicillin resistance with the highest prevalence in the age group of 16-30. All 42 (100%) MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin followed by 41 (97.62%), 32 (76.19%), 31(73.81%), 29 (69.05%), 9 (21.43%) and seven (16.67%) to cefotaxime, gentamycin, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin respectively. Although all MRSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin on disc diffusion, four isolates were intermediates in vitro determination of MIC of vancomycin. The break point for vancomycin was found to be 15mm. Conclusions: The increment in vancomycin MIC among MRSA is alarming. Strict control measures to prevent MRSA spread and a routine surveillance for VRSA must be incorporated in hospitals.  Keywords: mdr; mrsa; mic; visa; vrsa.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial effects of herbal extracts and antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A computational and experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (7) ◽  
pp. 731-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Fai Kuok ◽  
Sai-On Hoi ◽  
Chi-Fai Hoi ◽  
Chi-Hong Chan ◽  
Io-Hong Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global concern, and the discovery of antimicrobial herbal constituents may provide valuable solutions to overcome the problem. In this study, the effects of therapies combining antibiotics and four medicinal herbs on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were investigated. Specifically, the synergistic effects of Magnolia officinalis, Verbena officinalis, Momordica charantia, and Daphne genkwa in combination with oxacillin or gentamicin against methicillin-resistant (ATCC43300) and methicillin-susceptible (ATCC25923) S. aureus were examined. In vitro susceptibility and synergistic testing were performed to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the antibiotics and medicinal herbs against MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. To identify the active constituents in producing these synergistic effects, in silico molecular docking was used to investigate the binding affinities of 139 constituents of the four herbs to the two common MRSA inhibitory targets, penicillin binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) and 4 (PBP4). The physicochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and drug safety profiles of these compounds were also analyzed. D. genkwa extract potentiated the antibacterial effects of oxacillin against MRSA, as indicated by an FIC index value of 0.375. M. officinalis and V. officinalis produced partial synergistic effects when combined with oxacillin, whereas M. charantia was found to have no beneficial effects in inhibiting MRSA. Overall, tiliroside, pinoresinol, magnatriol B, and momorcharaside B were predicted to be PBP2a or PBP4 inhibitors with good drug-like properties. This study identifies compounds that deserve further investigation with the aim of developing therapeutic agents to modulate the effect of antibiotics on MRSA. Impact statement Antibiotic resistant is a well-known threat to global health and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most significant ones. These resistant bacteria kill thousands of people every year and therefore a new effective antimicrobial treatment is necessary. This study identified the herbs and their associated bioactive ingredients that can potential the effects of current antibiotics. These herbs have long history of human usage in China and have well-defined monograph in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. These indicate their relatively high clinical safety and may have a quicker drug development process than that of a new novel antibiotic. Based on the results of this study, the authors will perform further in vitro and animal studies, aiming to accumulate significant data for the application of clinical trial.

Pre-clinical impact of the synergistic mechanism of daptomycin and ceftaroline in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennyflore Eliazar ◽  
Tevin Johnson ◽  
Christiane Chbib
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism

Background: Our study aims at assessing the pre-clinical impact of the synergistic mechanism of Daptomycin (DAP) and Ceftaroline (CFT) in patients with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia infections (MRSAB). Methods: A systematic overview was conducted by searching PubMed, Oxford academic, and Cochrane library up to June 2020. Study selection and data extraction: All English- language clinical trials, in vitro studies, and case reports related to the synergistic drug therapy for MRSAB. Results: In the case of MRSAB infections, we examined two different in vitro studies that showed effective synergism with DAP and CFT. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range observed for each is as follow: DAP 0.125-1 mg/L, CFT 0.38-1 mg/L, DAP + CFT 0.094-0.5 mg/L, vancomycin (VAN) 0.75-2 mg/L, VAN + CFT 0.25-2 mg/L. DAP + CFT combination displayed the most efficacy with the lowest MIC. The statistical analysis performed showed that DAP + CFT obtained significantly lower fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values (0.941 ± 0.328) compared with VAN + CFT. In vitro activities of regimens tested on DAP non-susceptibility and VAN intermediate after 96 hours showed DAP 8.29 ± 0.03a log10 CFU/mL, VAN 6.82 ± 0.04a log10 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/mL, CFT 4.63 ± 0.19a log10 CFU/mL, DAP + CFT 1.15 ± 0.20b log10 CFU/mL, VAN + CFT 3.18 ± 0.49a log10 CFU/mL. ( a meaning significantly different than DAP plus CFT, P< equal to 0.001b meaning therapeutic enhancement combination was defined as ≥ 2 log10 CFU/ml reduction over the most active single agent). Based on these results, although DAP was not susceptible, the colony forming unit (CFU) for DAP and CFT had the best therapeutic results. Conclusion: In vitro studies have shown that combination DAP and CFT is more efficacious than the combination on VAN and CFT in MRSA bacteremia infections. The synergic effects of DAP (bactericidal) and CFT (bactericidal) is statistically significant, in recent trials, warranting promising evidence for its use in complicated bacteremia infection.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE IN- VITRO EVALUATION OF VANCOMYCIN MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONBY AGAR DILUTION AND E-STRIP IN METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-54
Author(s):  
Sheroze Ilyas ◽  
Tehmina Munir ◽  
Rabia Sadaf ◽  
Mehreen Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National University ◽  
Agar Dilution

Objective: To compare the in-vitro efficacy by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Vancomycinusing the reference Agar Dilution to the E-Strip in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Study Design: Validation study. Place and Duration of Study: The department of Microbiology Army Medical College/National University ofMedical Sciences in collaboration with Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Dec 2016 to Dec 2017. Methodology: Non-duplicate 84 isolates of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical specimens were included in the study. All these isolates were screened for susceptibility to glycopeptide by E-strips method (Bio mérieux) as well as Agar Dilution method, using vancomycin concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00µgm/ml respectively in two fold serial dilutions. Results: There was an overall agreement on 83 samples by both the methods i.e. 83 were Vancomycin SensitiveStaphylococcus aureus by both methods while one isolate with intermediate resistance to Vancomycin was onlydetected by Agar Dilution. The sensitivity of the E–strips compared to Agar Dilution was found to be 100%. Thepositive predictive value was 98.8% with a diagnostic accuracy of 98.8%. Specificity and negative predictive valuecould not be ascertained for E-strips because of the limitation of the method to detect the Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Conclusion: E-strip can be a convenient alternative to the gold standard Agar Dilution but its inability to identifyVISA challenges its reliability in determining the Vancomycin resistance in MRSA isolates.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial in vitro Study of Cosmos caudatus H.B.K Leaves Extract Towards Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2015 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zahrah Febianti
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cosmos Caudatus ◽  
Significant Difference

Cosmos caudatus H.B.K leaves is known to have many active substances with antimicrobial effect such as saponin, flavonoid, poliphenol, volatile oil, costunolide, and 4,4’-bipyridin. This research is conducted to prove the antimicrobial effect of Cosmos caudatus leaves extract on gram positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. The sample of this research is served by Microbiology Laboratorium of Brawijaya University. An experimental study with tube dilution method was carried out. The treated groups are groups of bacteria treated with Cosmos caudatus leaves extract with a range concentrations of 14%; 12%; 10%; 8%; and 6%. The control group is groups treated with 0% extract. The result indicates that the MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) can not be observed due to the extract’s turbid green colour. The MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) is 14% for MRSA. Data analysis with CI=95% shows a significant difference of effects on the number of MRSA colonies growth (Anova, p = 0,000) with the change of extract concentrations. The correlation regression test shows a strong association between the extract concentration and the number of colonies growth (Correlation, r = -0,754, p=0,000). Cosmos caudatus leaves extract has antimicrobial effect on MRSA.Keywords : Cosmos caudatus leaves estract, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antimicrobial.

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