scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL GELS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PARONYCHIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Shan Mohanan ◽  
Nabeela Rasheed ◽  
Bimal Raj K S
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Studies ◽  
Drug Content

Objective: The aim of the study was to design and develop a gel based drug delivery system containing combinational drugs (ketoconazole, neomycin sulphate and diclofenac) for the effective treatment of Paronychia.Methods: The drugs used are ketoconazole, neomycin sulphate and diclofenac. The first two drugs provide an antifungal and antibacterial action and the last drug with a pain relieving effect. Two formulations of gels F1 and F2 were prepared using polymers like carbopol 934 and xanthan gum respectively. The amounts of drugs and other ingredients were kept as constant in both formulations. The prepared formulations were then evaluated by visual examination, pH, drug content, spredability, extrudability, drug release study, in vitro antibacterial study, in vitro antifungal study, stability studies and in vivo antibacterial study.Results: The obtained results were analyzed and compared. All the test results were within the accepted limit. The physicochemical properties of the gels were assessed and it was found that the two formulations have enough gel consistency with good spreadability and extrudability. The drug content and drug release studies of the prepared gels were done and the results showed that the all the three drugs were properly loaded into the gel system, with good drug release profile. The antimicrobial activities of the formulated gels were proved by both in vitro antifungal and antibacterial studies. The in vivo antibacterial studies revealed a significant reduction in bacterial count in wistar rats treated with prepared gel when compared with standard drug solution. From among all the developed formulations, F1 formulation with carbopol 934 has got a slight superior property when compared with formulation F2 xanthan gum as gelling agent.Conclusion: On the basis of the evaluation studies it was concluded that the drugs (ketoconazole, neomycin sulphate and diclofenac) were successfully incorporated into the different topical gel preparations with good physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it was concluded that our formulae could be very promising topical alternative for the treatment of Paronychia.

Design and In vivo Evaluation of Palonosetron HCl Mouth Dissolving Films in the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Vomiting

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3929-3936
Author(s):  
Y. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
K. Adinarayana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Drug Content

Fast dissolving oral delivery systems are solid dosage forms, which disintegrate or dissolve within 1 minute in the mouth without drinking water or chewing. Mouth dissolving film (MDF) is a better alternate to oral disintegrating tablets due to its novelty, ease of use and the consequent patient compliance. The purpose of this work was to develop mouth dissolving oral films of palonosetron HCl, an antiemetic drug especially used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In the present work, the films were prepared by using solvent casting method with various polymers HPMC E3, E5 & E15 as a film base synthetic polymer, propylene glycol as a plasticizer and maltodextrin and other polymers. Films were found to be satisfactory when evaluated for thickness, in vitro drug release, folding endurance, drug content and disintegration time. The surface pH of all the films was found to be neutral. The in vitro drug release of optimized formulation F29 was found to be 99.55 ± 6.3 7% in 7 min. The optimized formulation F29 also showed satisfactory surface pH, drug content (99.38 ± 0.08 %), disintegration time of 8 seconds and good stability. FTIR data revealed that no interaction takes place between the drug and polymers used in the optimized formulation. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the films confirmed their potential as an innovative dosage form to improve delivery and quick onset of action of Palonosetron Hydrochloride. Therefore, the mouth dissolving film of palonosetron is potentially useful for the treatment of emesis disease where quick onset of action is desired, also improved patient compliance.

scholarly journals SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CELECOXIB BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE AND INCORPORATION INTO TOPICAL GEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-300
Author(s):  
AMRIN SHAIKH ◽  
PRASHANT BHIDE ◽  
REESHWA NACHINOLKAR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Vitro Release

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to design gels for the topical delivery of celecoxib and evaluate with an aim to increase its penetration through the skin and thereby its flux. Method: The solubility of celecoxib is shown to be increased by preparing solid dispersions (SDs) using carriers such as mannitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and urea by solvent evaporation, fusion, and coevaporation methods. In vitro release profile of all SD was comparatively evaluated and studied against the pure drug. The prepared SD was subjected for percent practical yield, drug content, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The celecoxib gel was prepared using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol containing a permeation enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different proportions and evaluated for drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, stability, and in vitro drug release. Results: Faster dissolution rate was exhibited by SD containing 1:5 ratio of celecoxib: PVP K-30 prepared by coevaporation method. In vitro drug release of celecoxib, gels revealed that formulation with HPMC has higher drug release as compared to Carbopol. Conclusion: The increase in dissolution rate for SD is observed in the following order of PVP K-30>urea>mannitol>PEG 6000. The CPD5 gel containing a SD CP5 and 20% DMSO showed the best in vitro release 74.13% at the end of 6 h.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Losartan Potassium

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhageerathy A ◽  
Sandhya Murali ◽  
eny Sara Thomas ◽  
Sigi Vasanthkumar ◽  
Prasanth V V
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Losartan Potassium ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Significant Difference

A total of nine formulations of fast dissolving films of Losartan Potassium were developed by solvent casting method using film forming polymers such as HPMC E5, E15 and E50 and other film modifiers. The appearances of films were transparent, thin, flexible, elastic, smooth and transparent. The weight variation ranged between 16.14 ± 0.192 and 17.31 ± 0.313 and showed that there was no significant difference in the weight of individual formulations. All the formulations showed more than 150 of folding endurance. The drug content was found to be in an acceptable range for all the formulations which indicated uniform distribution of drug. A rapid dissolution of all the film was observed by the dissolution test, in which above 90% of Losartan Potassium was released within 5 min. The formulation F1 showed maximum drug release (98.73) within 5 minutes. Based on the in vitro drug release, drug content and in vitro disintegration time it is found that F1 was selected as the best formulation. The formulations showed satisfactory physical stability at 40°C at 75 % RH. Losartan Potassium (LOSAR-25) is shown in Figure 4. From the results of comparative studies of marketed product and it found that F1 showed 98.73% release within 5 min and LOSAR 25 showed 90.76% release in 30 min. In vitro studies indicate that this potential drug delivery system has considerably good stability and release profile. Nevertheless, further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these results.

In vitro and In vivo Characterization of Pectin Based In situ Gelling System of Famotidine

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1885-1894
Author(s):  
Mohmadmoin K. Modasiya ◽  
A K Patel ◽  
V.M Patel ◽  
G.C Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Similarity Factor ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
In Situ Gelling

In this study famotidine was used as a model drug to formulate and evaluate pH-induced in situ gelling system for oral sustained release drug delivery in stomach which has shorter biological half-life. To study the effect of independent variables 32 full factorial design was employed, concentration of pectin as pH dependant polymer and concentration of calcium chloride on dependent variables like viscosity, drug content, 50% and 80% drug release and similarity factor. It was found that both the concentration of pectin and concentration of calcium chloride had significant effect on viscosity, drug content, 50% and 80% drug release and similarity factor of the system. In vitro drug release study showed that drug released from the in situ gel followed non-Fickian diffusion. Mathematical modeling was employed for quantitative evaluation of the effect of formulation variables. Rat pylorus legation model was used for in vivo study of the selected formulation. Results shows gel formation in gastric juice and reduction in ulcer index. There were few or no major changes in the formulation during three months stability testing. The in situ gelling systems are useful for delivery of famotidine.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL IN SITU GEL OF LAFUTIDINE FOR GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Sindhoor S M ◽  
Sneh Priya ◽  
Amala Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Drug Content

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the novel in situ gel of lafutidine for gastroretentive drug deliveryMethods: A gastroretentive in situ gel of lafutidine was formulated by pH-triggered ionic gelation method using different concentrations of gelling polymer such as sodium alginate, gellan gum, and xanthum gum. Prepared formulations were evaluated for viscosity, density, buoyancy lag time and buoyancy duration, and drug content. In vitro drug release studies of all formulations were also performed. In vivo fluorescence imaging study was conducted for optimized formulation and compared with control.Results: The concentration of gelling agents and release retardant polymers significantly affected viscosity, floating behavior, and in vitro drug release of the formulations. The pH and drug content were found in the range of 6.72–7.20 and 88.74–95.33%, respectively. Floating lag time was <2 min; duration of floating was more than 12 h. Minimum and maximum in vitro drug release were found to be for formulation F9 (51.74%) and F1 (82.76%), respectively, at the end of 12 h. The drug was released from the all the formulations in a sustained manner. In vivo studies confirmed the gastroretention of the formulation in mice stomach for 8 h. Stability studies indicated that the there was no significant change in the visual appearance, floating behavior, and drug content.Conclusion: The gastroretentive in situ gel system, prolonged the gastric residence time, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PREDNISOLONE”

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirayu. C ◽  
Nagaraja T.S ◽  
Vitthal K Vijapure
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Free Films

The purpose of this research work was to develop and evaluate transdermal patch of Prednisolone, using Xanthan gum, Guar gum and Polyacrylamide in different ratios prepared by the Glass Substrate Technique. The physicochemical compatibility of the polymers and the drug was evaluated by FTIR. The results suggested that no physicochemical incompatibility between the polymer and the drug. Drug free films were formulated and evaluated characteristics like flexibility and smoothness. Further drug loaded films were formulated and evaluated for thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, folding endurance and drug release. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous dispersion of the drug in the formulation. SEM analysis showed surface morphology of prepared formulations. Drug diffusion through cellophane membrane was carried out using Franz diffusion cell by in-vitro study. The film prepared with formulation PDS 9 showed maximum diffusion release at the end of 24 hours. It is shown that drug release follows order and non Fikinian mechanism of release diffusion. The PDS 9 formulation was found to be stable with respect to drug content as well as physical changes at 40 ºC and 75 % RH. Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery, Prednisolone, Xanthan gum, Guar gum, Polyacrylamide.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Bilayer Matrix Tablets of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Valsartan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Selvi Arunkumar ◽  
L. Srinivas ◽  
D. Satyavati ◽  
C. Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Bilayer Tablets ◽  
Nebivolol Hydrochloride

The present study is an attempt to develop bilayer matrix tablets of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Valsartan with immediate release for Nebivolol Hydrochloride and sustained release for Valsartan. Superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate and Crosscarmellose sodium were evaluated for immediate release of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and polymers HPMC K100M and K4M for sustained release of Valsartan. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 in 0.01N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. All the pre and post compression parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits. The results of dissolution show that the formulations B3 was the best of all immediate and sustained release layer batches. The release kinetics of Valsartan was subject to curve fitting analysis in order to identify the best fit kinetic model. The regression analysis proves that the best formulations follow zero order release and drug release by diffusion process based on Fick’s law of diffusion. The data for stability studies infer no considerable change in drug content and dissolution rates as per ICH guidelines. The best formulation B3 was subjected to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rabbit model. In vitro, In vivo correlation (IVIVC) showed considerable linearity. Hence a novel bilayer tablet formulation of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Valsartan was successfully developed by combining both immediate (IR) and sustained (SR) release layers. Keywords: Bilayer tablets, fixed unit dosage form, Nebivolol hydrochloride, Valsartan, LC-MS analysis.

scholarly journals Development and in vitro Characterization of Gastro Retentive Raft Forming Stavudine Tablets

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendar Rupavath ◽  
K. S. K Rao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation

The objective of the present investigation was to identify a suitable raft forming agent and to develop raft forming stavudine matrix tablets using different rate controlling natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers to achieve prolonged gastric residence time, leading to an increase in drug bioavailability and patient compliance. Various raft forming agents were used in preliminary screening. Raft forming floating tablets were developed using pullulan gum as natural rate controlling polymer, and directly compressible grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Benecel K4M DC) as semi synthetic, and Carbopol 71G as synthetic rate controlling polymers respectively and optimum concentrations of sodium-bicarbonate as gas generating agent to generate optimum buoyancy by direct compression method. Raft forming tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro drug release, floating buoyancy and raft strength. Drug-excipients compatibility study showed no interaction between drug and excipients. Raft forming tablets showed satisfactory results when evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, and raft strength. The optimized formulation was selected based on physicochemical characteristics and in vitro drug dissolution characteristics. Further, the optimized formulation was evaluated for in vivo radiographic studies by incorporating BaSO4 as radio opaque substance. Optimized formulation showed controlled and prolonged drug release profiles while floating and raft formation over the dissolution medium. Diffusion followed by erosion with raft forming drug release mechanism was observed for the formulation, indicating that dissolution media diffusion and polymer erosion played an essential role in drug release. In vivo radiographic studies revealed that the raft forming formulations remained in the stomach for 240 30 min in rabbits and indicated that gastric retention time was increased by the floating and raft forming principle, which was considered and desirable for absorption window drugs.

Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Ticagrelor Self- Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adella Aparna ◽  
Yamsani Shravan Kumar ◽  
D.V.R.N. Bhikshapathi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Release Analysis ◽  
Pure Drug

Background: Ticagrelor (TGR) being antiplatelet agent belongs to BCS class IV drug with low solubility and permeability that undergoes first-pass metabolism leads to reduced bioavailability of 36%. Objective: The main goal of the present study was to develop TGR SNEDDS for improving solubility and oral bioavailability. Methods: An oil, surfactant and co-surfactant (miglyol 810, brij 35 and lauro glycol FCC) were chosen based on the maximum solubility of TGR. The chosen vehicles were mixed in varying ratios and agitated mildly and transmittance values more than 80 were noted and used for constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram. Formulations that passed stability testing were evaluated for % transmission, drug content and in vitro drug release analysis. In-vivo bioavailability studies of optimized SNEDDS were performed in wistar rats. Results: From evaluation studies of TGR, formulation F13 with maximum drug release of 98.99% in 60 minutes that is higher than 31.99 % of pure drug is considered the optimised formulation. The particle size, Z average and zeta potential of the optimized TGR formulation F13 was 289.6 nm, 185.1 nm and -18.3 mV respectively. The FTIR and SEM studies do not indicate any drug excipient interaction and confirm nanosize and stable for 3 months. From in vivo bioavailability studies in rats, the Cmax of optimized TGR SNEDDS (302.43±4.78ng/ml) was higher than pure TGR suspension (47.32±2.75ng/ml) and optimized SNEDDS exhibited 5 folds increased oral bioavailability than pure drug. Conclusion: Hence, the results revealed that application of SNEDDS formulation technique for TGR increased solubility and oral bioavailability.

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