scholarly journals CORONAVIRUS-A VIRUS IN LEARNING

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
D. NIHARIKA ◽  
B. NIHARIKA ◽  
T. AISHWARYA ◽  
A. NIKITHA ◽  
RABIA BUTOOL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Small Project ◽  
Almost All

Viruses can infect almost all the types of life forms, from animals, plants to microorganisms. They are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous types of biological entity. The present pandemic on Earth due to SARS COV 2, coronavirus has given a big jolt to the scientific community and created a deep curiosity in us to understand the virus and its interaction biochemically in humans. We did a small project by researching and compiling the information about its outbreak and host-pathogen interactions. To understand this pandemic COVID 19 and the virus, we as students learnt the structural morphology of virus and its role in the host-pathogen interaction. We used several online platforms for our study like PubMed, Scopus, WHO, ICMR and CDC Websites.

PROGRESS IN COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF HOST–PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1230001 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUFENG ZHOU ◽  
JINGJING JIN ◽  
LIMSOON WONG
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Protein

Host–pathogen interactions are important for understanding infection mechanism and developing better treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. Many computational studies on host–pathogen interactions have been published. Here, we review recent progress and results in this field and provide a systematic summary, comparison and discussion of computational studies on host–pathogen interactions, including prediction and analysis of host–pathogen protein–protein interactions; basic principles revealed from host–pathogen interactions; and database and software tools for host–pathogen interaction data collection, integration and analysis.

scholarly journals Metabolic labeling probes for interrogation of the host–pathogen interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob J. Ignacio ◽  
Thomas Bakkum ◽  
Kimberly M. Bonger ◽  
Nathaniel I. Martin ◽  
Sander I. van Kasteren
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Host Pathogen

Metabolic labeling of intracellular pathogens can provide new methods of studying host pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Role of Protein Glycosylation in Host-Pathogen Interaction

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borong Lin ◽  
Xue Qing ◽  
Jinling Liao ◽  
Kan Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Adhesins ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Regulate Protein

Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases. Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming glycoproteins and modulating numerous important biological processes. It also occurs in host-pathogen interaction, affecting host resistance or pathogen virulence often because glycans regulate protein conformation, activity, and stability, etc. This review summarizes various roles of different glycoproteins during the interaction, which include: host glycoproteins prevent pathogens as barriers; pathogen glycoproteins promote pathogens to attack host proteins as weapons; pathogens glycosylate proteins of the host to enhance virulence; and hosts sense pathogen glycoproteins to induce resistance. In addition, this review also intends to summarize the roles of lectin (a class of protein entangled with glycoprotein) in host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial adhesins, viral lectins or host lectins. Although these studies show the importance of protein glycosylation in host-pathogen interaction, much remains to be discovered about the interaction mechanism.

scholarly journals Dissecting Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB Using Systems-Based Omic Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushboo Borah ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Johnjoe McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Immune Defences ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance

Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating infectious disease that kills over a million people every year. There is an increasing burden of multi drug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) TB. New and improved therapies are urgently needed to overcome the limitations of current treatment. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful pathogens that can manipulate host cell environment for adaptation, evading immune defences, virulence, and pathogenesis of TB infection. Host-pathogen interaction is important to establish infection and it involves a complex set of processes. Metabolic cross talk between the host and pathogen is a facet of TB infection and has been an important topic of research where there is growing interest in developing therapies and drugs that target these interactions and metabolism of the pathogen in the host. Mtb scavenges multiple nutrient sources from the host and has adapted its metabolism to survive in the intracellular niche. Advancements in systems-based omic technologies have been successful to unravel host-pathogen interactions in TB. In this review we discuss the application and usefulness of omics in TB research that provides promising interventions for developing anti-TB therapies.

Spatiotemporal Structure of Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Metapopulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Soubeyrand ◽  
Laine ◽  
Hanski ◽  
Penttinen
Keyword(s):  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Structure ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽  
Armando Pérez-Torres ◽  
Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

scholarly journals Porcine small intestinal organoids as a model to explore ETEC–host interactions in the gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Vermeire ◽  
Liara M. Gonzalez ◽  
Robert J. J. Jansens ◽  
Eric Cox ◽  
Bert Devriendt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.

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