COST ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY VISITS DUE TO DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS

Objective: To identify patients coming to Emergency Medicine Department (EMD) with drug related problems, classify the DRPs and calculate the direct cost spent for treating them. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in emergency medicine department. The patients coming to EMD with DRPs were classified according to Cipolle’s classification and the direct medical and non-medical costs were calculated. Results: A total of around 107 patients identified with DRPs of which 99 patients were included in the study. In this study, 51% of the cases were due to ADR and 35% due to non-adherence and rest of the cases were due to overdose (10%), drug interaction (3%) and sub therapeutic dose (1%). Major portion for treatment was spent for direct medical cost in which cost for laboratory investigations have contributed the most, INR 10,93,992 (42%) followed by Health care professional cost INR 55,6814 (21%), Pharmacy cost INR 4,00,524.6 (15%), Admission cost INR 3,80,400 (15%). The direct non-medical cost includes cost for diet and travel which was found to be INR 1,68,443 and INR 71,947 respectively. Conclusion: The drug related problems adds a significant economic burden on the patients which can be reduced by imparting knowledge about the proper use of medicines and by improving collaborative efforts of the patients, physicians, pharmacists and caregivers.

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The diagnostic yield of D-Dimer in relation to time from symptom onset in patients evaluated for venous thromboembolism in the emergency medicine department

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis ◽

10.1007/s11239-010-0480-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yelena Goldin ◽

Oren Pasvolsky ◽

Ori Rogowski ◽

Itzhak Shapira ◽

Arie Steinvil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medicine ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Medicine Department ◽

Emergency Medicine Department ◽

D Dimer

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Analysis of drug related electrolyte disturbances in emergency medicine department

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 2005

Author(s):

Karan B. Shah ◽

Sapna D. Gupta ◽

Devang A. Rana ◽

Supriya D. Malhotra ◽

Pankaj R. Patel

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medicine ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

The Body ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Medicine Department ◽

Electrolyte Disturbance ◽

Exact Test ◽

Electrolyte Disturbances ◽

Emergency Medicine Department

Background: Electrolytes play an important role in various physiological functions of the body. Electrolyte disturbances are one of the most common problems encountered in critically ill patients. Drugs are also known to cause adverse electrolyte consequences. These drugs could be anti-hypertensive agents, hormones, antipsychotics or steroids. There is paucity of published literature on electrolyte disturbances caused by drugs. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the electrolyte disturbances caused by various drugs in critically ill patients.Methods: Following approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee, data collection was started. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) presenting as an electrolyte disturbance in emergency medicine department or occurring in hospitalized patients in the Intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital was be collected. ADRs resulting into electrolyte disturbances were identified and analysed in detail for demographic details, types of electrolyte disturbances, seriousness, severity, causality and preventability of ADRs. Fisher's exact test was done to find out the statistical difference between the electrolyte disturbances and different drugs.Results: Total 58 ADRs were reported as an electrolyte disturbance. Mean age of the patients affected was 52.48 years. Highest number of ADRs were observed in the age group of 61 to 70 years. Hypokalemia constituted 32 cases (55.2%) followed by hyponatremia (25.9%), hyperkalemia (6.9%), hypernatremia (6.9%), hypocalcemia (1.7%), hypomagnesemia (1.7%) and hypophosphatemia (1.7%). Insulin was associated with maximum cases of ADRs (27.6%).Conclusions: Electrolyte disturbances constitutes a major chunk of ADRs especially in critically ill patients. The physicians must be well-versed with the dynamics of fluid-electrolyte balance.

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