О видах калмыцких родовых тамг

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Daria B. Gedeyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Geometrical Figure ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Popular Images

The study gives a review of the Kalmyk clan sings called tamga. The article identifies the main types of these signs. The author points out that tamgas in their image have simple geometrical figures that can be the evidence of their ancient origin and the high probability of duplication in different nations. The most simple geometrical figure in the system of the clan signs has a form of a straight line and also an angle with sides of different length. One of the most popular images is a cross that in the folk culture is associated with cross piece of the smoke flap of the yurt. There are a lot of tamgas in the shape of a circle or, as the Kalmyks call it in the system of tamgas, iron ring. The variety of this type of tamgas is set up based on the number of rings and their position in relation to each other. There were popular tamgas in the shape of a semicircle that differed in the direction of the image and also in the shape of bident or trident. The authors’ materials point to the fact that there could also be sings in the form of Chinese characters. All things considered, there are several desiderata in the study of Kalmyk tamgas and their further study will allow to enlarge the list of tamga types.

RECOGNIZING HANDWRITTEN CHINESE CHARACTERS BY STROKE-SEGMENT MATCHING USING AN ITERATION SCHEME

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHENG-LIN CHOU ◽  
WEN-HSIANG TSAI
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Iteration Scheme ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Segment Matching ◽  
Set Up

The problem of handwritten Chinese character recognition is solved by matching character stroke segments using an iteration scheme. Length and orientation similarity properties, and coordinate overlapping ratios are used to define a measure of similarity between any two stroke segments. The initial measures of similarity between the stroke segments of the input and template characters are used to set up a match network which includes all the match relationships between the input and template stroke segments. Based on the concept of at-most-one to one mapping an iteration scheme is employed to adjust the match relationships, using the contextual information implicitly contained in the match network, so that the match relationships can get into a stable state. From the final match relationships, matched stroke-segment pairs are determined by a mutually-best match strategy and the degree of similarity between the input and each template character is evaluated accordingly. Certain structure information of Chinese characters is also used in the evaluation process. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective. For recognition of Chinese characters written by a specific person, the recognition rate is about 96%. If the characters of the first three ranks are checked in counting the recognition rate, the rate rises to 99.6%.

A Geometrical treatment of the Correspondence between Lines in Threefold Space and Points of a Quadric in Fivefold space

1925 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quadratic Relation ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Homogeneous Coordinates ◽  
Plücker Coordinates ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

§ 1. The six Plücker coordinates of a straight line in three dimensional space satisfy an identical quadratic relationwhich immediately shows that a one-one correspondence may be set up between lines in three dimensional space, λ, and points on a quadric manifold of four dimensions in five dimensional space, S5. For these six numbers pij may be considered to be six homogeneous coordinates of such a point.

scholarly journals Curriculum Analysis of Permai Plus School at Pluit’s Elementary Chinese Course

Humaniora ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Yetty Yetty
Keyword(s):  
International Schools ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Chinese Reading ◽  
Language Courses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Language Schools ◽  
Writing Chinese ◽  
Chinese Language Schools

In Indonesia, in addition to english mandarin also become a very common thing. Many companies employ one of the conditions of staff must be fluent in speaking Chinese, reading and writing Chinese characters. Therefore, the majority of schools in Indonesia have set up Chinese language courses, in order to give Chinese language’s basic foundation to their students. In Pluit, courses of Chinese language schools are mostly private, three-language schools and international schools (not including international schools in the U.S. system). Through the six factors of curriculum (Teachers, facilities, scores, textbooks, curricula, and social participation ), the writer wants to analyze Permai Plus school curriculum Chinese course situation.  

GAUSSIAN RANDOM POLYGONS ARE GLOBALLY KNOTTED

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS JUNGREIS
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Small Perturbation ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Solid Torus ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Random Polygons ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Gaussian Random Walk ◽  
Satellite Knot

A Gaussian random walk is a random walk in which each step is a vector whose coordinates are Gaussian random variables. In 3-space, if a Gaussian random walk of n steps begins and ends at the origin, then we can join successive points by straight line segments to get a knot. It is known that if n is large, then the knot is non-trivial with high probability. We give a new proof of this fact. Our proof shows in addition that with high probability the knot is contained as an essential loop in a fat, knotted, solid torus. Therefore the knot is a satellite knot and cannot be unknotted by any small perturbation.

A Convenient Modification of the Dilution Hatching Trial for the Potato-root Eelworm, Heterodera rostochiensis Wollenweber

1960 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
C. Ellenby ◽  
A. B. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Potato Root ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Heterodera Rostochiensis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up

The number of cysts used for each replicate in a dilution hatching trial may be reduced to 10. Log. total hatch is used, instead of total hatch itself, and the mean for each dilution determined from the log. values; the logs, of these means, plotted against dilution in the usual way, gives a straight line as in the original Fenwick technique. Reduction of the number of cysts permits the use of commercially available utensils to form an easily handled set-up.

scholarly journals Frequency of co-occurrence of chinese characters as an indicator of lexicality (when selecting the vocabulary of chinese military discourse)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
D. S. Korshunov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Military Discourse ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Chinese Military

Teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic college or university should be professionally oriented, which brings up the question of selecting the relevant vocabulary of a professional discourse under study. Modern text corpora are too general in subject matter and the time span. Therefore, a specially compiled collection of texts can serve the purpose of selecting the vocabulary. In the case of the Chinese language, the task is complicated by the lack of word segmentation in such texts. Taking into account the fact that most words in Chinese are written in two characters, it is assumed that one of the methods applicable in this situation is a comprehensive frequency analysis of text sequences of two characters – character bigrams. The analysis of frequent bigrams has showed that 70% of the most frequent lexical units are representative of the discourse, including 11% of out-of-vocabulary ones. The remaining part of bigrams pertain to syntactic constructions, including structurally incomplete ones, and fragments of longer lexical units. Thus, the high frequency of character co-occurrence can with a rather high probability (p > 0.7) be considered as an indicator of lexicality in identifying representative vocabulary in an unsegmented the matic collection of texts in Chinese.

scholarly journals Referent geometric entities in orthodontics on 3D models

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Nemanja Majstorovic ◽  
Jelena Macuzic ◽  
Branislav Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Plane Curve ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Coordinate Origin ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Line ◽  
Engineering Modeling

3D modeling is often used in orthodontics. Most commonly used software today is problem- oriented CAD system (OrthoCAD and others), as well as general CAD software for engineering modeling. Both methods require definition and use of various geometric entities to describe and monitor orthodontic status, but still there have been more than one approach to definition of geometric entities that characterize orthodontic parameters. The aim of this study was to define the referent geometric entities (RGE) on 3D models, perform their classification and provide examples of their application. For defining and monitoring orthodontic parameters the following RGE groups are used: (a) basic geometric entities (point, line, straight line, plane, curve, curved surface); (b) derived geometric entities (coordinate origin, coordinate system, coordinate plane, axis, edge, perspective); and (c) anatomical geometric entities (surfaces, points). In this study, using 11 examples is shown how orthodontic parameters can be modeled over three classification groups RGE. Presented analysis and RGE examples indicate that RGE give interdisciplinary and systematic approach to computer modeling in orthodontics, and create a basis for development and implementation of methods of anatomical features in orthodontics which can be used to set up an integrated orthodontic parameter.

ON OPEN RECTANGLE-OF-INFLUENCE AND RECTANGULAR DUAL DRAWINGS OF PLANE GRAPHS

2009 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUAMING ZHANG ◽  
MILIND VAIDYA
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Time Algorithm ◽  
Grid Size ◽  
Tight Bound ◽  
Plane Graphs ◽  
Additive Error ◽  
Grid Drawing ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The One

Irreducible triangulations are plane graphs with a quadrangular exterior face, triangular interior faces and no separating triangles. Fusy proposed a straight-line grid drawing algorithm for irreducible triangulations, whose grid size is asymptotically with high probability 11n/27 × 11n/27 up to an additive error of [Formula: see text]. Later on, Fusy generalized the idea to quadrangulations and obtained a straight-line grid drawing, whose grid size is asymptotically with high probability 13n/27 × 13n/27 up to an additive error of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we first prove that the above two straight-line grid drawing algorithms for irreducible triangulations and quadrangulations actually produce open rectangle-of-influence drawings for them respectively. Therefore, the above mentioned straight-line grid drawing size bounds also hold for the open rectangle-of-influence drawings. These results improve previous known drawing sizes. In the second part of the paper, we present another application of the results obtained by Fusy. We present a linear time algorithm for constructing a rectangular dual for a randomly generated irreducible triangulation with n vertices, one of its dimensions equals [Formula: see text] asymptotically with high probability, up to an additive error of [Formula: see text]. In addition, we prove that the one dimension tight bound for a rectangular dual of any irreducible triangulations with n vertices is (n + 1)/2.

scholarly journals Surface Contours and Flow Pattern of a Perfectly Plastic Three-Dimensional Ice Sheet With Arbitrary Bottom and Edge Topography

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (90) ◽  
pp. 511-512
Author(s):  
Niels Reeh
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Streams ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Sloping Bed ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Arbitrary Curve

Abstract The differential equation determining the elevations of a perfectly plastic three-dimensional steady-state ice sheet is set up. Analytical solutions of the equation are obtained in two simple cases, viz. (1) an ice sheet on a horizontal base with an arbitrary curve as edge and (2) an ice sheet ona plane but sloping bed, with an edge composed of straight-line segments. The solutions are discussed in particular with reference to the development of ice divides and ice streams.

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