Лекари в народной медицине тюрко-монголов Внутренней Азии: образы, функции

In the traditional society there were always people capable of helping other people and animals in treating ailments, diseases, wounds and fractures — they are conventionally called healers. The goal of this article is to analyze the image, functions, methods and attributes of the healers among the Turkic-Mongol nations of Inner Asia. In the research of traditional culture of nations of Inner Asia the healer activities are often considered a part of shamanism practice. However, in the background of the shamanism rites there were the herbalists specializing in curative properties of the plants, bonesetters capable of setting bones and fixing dislocations and also masseuses, midwives, healers treating with whip and other healers. Among the Turkic-Mongol nations of Inner and Central Asia there is an unalterable opinion about curative powers of twins and women who gave birth to twins, brave people and strong men.

К истории cоздания росписей центрального буддийского храма Калмыкии (2016–2019 гг.)

The article discusses the history of the creation thangka paintings in the Central Buddhist Temple (khurul) of the Republic of Kalmykia which was opened in 2005. The article attempts at giving analysis of the formation of sacral art environment of the Elista Buddhist Temple in the context of the development of Tibetan-Kalmyk Buddhist relationships. The article describes the stages, peculiarities and complexity of the painting process that was done by the Tibetan artists who came from India and are masters of the traditional thangka painting. The author gives the documental facts about the work organization and process that lasted almost three years. The article gives information about thangka painters, well-known nowadays: their biographies, characteristics and the information about their further life. By creation the paintings of the Central Khurul, these painters contributed to the development of the spiritual culture in Kalmykia.

Гендер в системе воспитания калмыков

The article analyzes the gender differences in children upbringing in the Kalmyk traditional society. The Kalmyk children upbringing system was determined by the nomad way of living and distinctive household culture. A family was a bearer of the ethnic and cultural traditions and customs. A significant role in the development of moral values of the Kalmyk people was given to religious views, Buddhism in particular, which was the dominating factor in the shaping of the mentality and spiritual culture of the Kalmyk ethnos. Kalmyk children as a rule were brought up in traditional patriarchal families with the distinct gender differentiation. Since the old days, the task of every Kalmyk family was to bring up a real man, who was the breadwinner and owner, who had an indisputable authority in the family. The upbringing of a daughter was the responsibility of a mother who in compliance with the national traditions had to teach her daughter all the skills of being a good housewife. The Kalmyk national customs were not strict towards women compared to the traditions of other Oriental nations. A woman was well regarded in the Kalmyk society.

Экологические инициативы буддийских деятелей Бурятии: актуальные проблемы, локальные решения

The article gives a review and analysis of the contemporary environmental initiatives of Buddhist leaders of Buryatia. The environmental condition of the Baikal region is of great importance not only for Russia but also for the whole world as the lake Baikal contains about 19 % of the world potable water supply. However, the ecological situation in the Republic of Buryatia is not that favourable. Nowadays, there is a tendency for the growing role of the religious leaders in the environmental problem solving. The Buddhist leaders of Buryatia in line with the given tendency also contribute to the development of the environmental thinking of the society, using arguments based on the fundamental ideas of Buddhist philosophy. Taking into account the cultural and historical characteristics of Buryatia, the Buddhist Sangha suggests quite unique and practical ways of improving the ecological situation in the republic that are of interest to researchers.

Современное монголоведение: от «культурного поворота» к новой картине мира

The article foregrounds the theme of the socio-cultural, civilizational context and worldview status of the contemporary Mongolian Studies and the prospects of its inclusion into the wide perspective of the world scientific research. The processes like globalization and informatization of the science and education, the expansion of the international and interdisciplinary research collaboration, the activation of the science diplomacy lead to “cultural turns”, the emergence of new perspectives in science, the understanding of the scientific and humanistic unity of the East and West, Europe and Asia, the whole world. All these raise the issues of the methodological self-renovation and cultural and civilizational selfawareness for the contemporary Mongolian Studies. The article points out the importance of the refusal of the Eurocentrism rigorism, the need for understanding of equivalence, equal status, equal significance of the west and east intellectual and scientific traditions, their equal importance for each other. The inclusion of the contemporary Mongolian studies into the wider context of the world research will enable to perceive the true meaning of the phenomena “world history”, “world philosophy”, define the new scientific world view of the XXI century.

О видах калмыцких родовых тамг

The study gives a review of the Kalmyk clan sings called tamga. The article identifies the main types of these signs. The author points out that tamgas in their image have simple geometrical figures that can be the evidence of their ancient origin and the high probability of duplication in different nations. The most simple geometrical figure in the system of the clan signs has a form of a straight line and also an angle with sides of different length. One of the most popular images is a cross that in the folk culture is associated with cross piece of the smoke flap of the yurt. There are a lot of tamgas in the shape of a circle or, as the Kalmyks call it in the system of tamgas, iron ring. The variety of this type of tamgas is set up based on the number of rings and their position in relation to each other. There were popular tamgas in the shape of a semicircle that differed in the direction of the image and also in the shape of bident or trident. The authors’ materials point to the fact that there could also be sings in the form of Chinese characters. All things considered, there are several desiderata in the study of Kalmyk tamgas and their further study will allow to enlarge the list of tamga types.

Халхын Түмэнхэн хөндлөн цөөхүр ноёны асуудалд (= Об изучении биографии халхаского Тумэнхэн Сайн-нойон-хана)

The article reveals the Khalkha history of the XVI–XVII centuries, describes the events where one of the prominent state and religious leaders Tumenkhen Sain-noyon (1558–1640) took an active part. It is noted that this was a historic period related to the third wave of the spread of Buddhism among Mongols. This also was the time of significant changes in the political history, economics and religious life of the countries and nations of Central Asia. During this period Tumenkhen Sain-noyon with his elder brother Avatai made great efforts to spread the teaching of Geluk, organize the building of Buddhist temples and translate sacred books.

Монгольский странник-бадарчин

The article analyzes the insufficiently studied nowadays social miсrogroup of Mongolian wanderers-badarchin. The study identifies the specific features and functions of this group and the role of the wanderers in the society. It highlights the positive aspects of the educational activities of the wanderers as the carriers of information, knowledge about the surrounding world and religious education. The article points out the specific characteristics of the wanderers’ capabilities, their ability to fulfill their destiny. The article reveals the reflection of the image of a wanderer in the Mongolian folklore and the historical memory of the nation. It shows the attitude of the people towards wanderers and the diverse characteristics of their image. On the example of certain individual’s fates, their activities and merits to their nations the study traces the development and transformation of the wandering, its role in the society in different historical periods up to the present.

Восприятие археологических памятников представителями народности дариганга

The article discusses the local perception of the two archaeological sites that create the native land of Dariganga ethnic group in Sukhbaatar province of south-eastern Mongolia. The first site is a complex of four stone statues at the south-eastern foot of Dari Mountain in Dariganga county of Sukhbaatar province. The second one is a complex of eight tombs with two stone statues at Tavan Tolgoi Mountain in Ongon county of Sukhbaatar province. These two sites and relics found in them are highly respected by the Dariganga people who claim to be the descendants of the people buried in these tombs, thus disagreeing with the researchers’ assumption that Dariganga ethnic group were not indigenous inhabitants of the area.The article gives a detailed description of the archaeological sites and relics as well as the oral stories and believes connected with them.

Андураан дууг* ангилал зyйгээр шинжих нь (хөгжмийн археологи судлалын илтгэл) (=Исследование «андуран дуу» с использованием системы классификации (доклад по музыкальной археологии))

A musical artifact, unique not only in history of ethnic music of Mongolia, but also in world history and archeology was found in rock burials in the area of Zhargalant Khairkhan, Khovd aimak of Mongolia. A joint study of Mongolian and German scientists, based on the age of the artifact, confirms that the unique find dates back to the 7thand 8thcenturies of our era. This musical artifact has been successfully studied by Mongolian, German and American scientists in the fields of archeology, paleoanthropology, ancient writing, line drawing and musicology. The author of the article admits that in the future, by studying the structure of this original artifact, its parts, the original design and classification of ancient musical instruments, one of the most ancient musical instruments on which the ancient Mongolian epic was performed, an instrument that was lost throughout history, can be restored.