A review of recent advances in magnetic nanoparticle-based theranostics of glioblastoma

Nanomedicine ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Dhar ◽  
Swachhatoa Ghosh ◽  
Soumen Das ◽  
Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
New Strategies

Rapid vascular growth, infiltrative cells and high tumor heterogenicity are some glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) characteristics, making it the most lethal form of brain cancer. Low efficacy of the conventional treatment modalities leads to rampant disease progression and a median survival of 15 months. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), due to their unique physical features/inherent abilities, have emerged as a suitable theranostic platform for targeted GBM treatment. Thus, new strategies are being designed to enhance the efficiency of existing therapeutic techniques such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and so on, using MNPs. Herein, the limitations of the current therapeutic strategies, the role of MNPs in mitigating those inadequacies, recent advances in the MNP-based theranostics of GBM and possible future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatoblastoma Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Cristóbal ◽  
Marta Sanz-Álvarez ◽  
Melani Luque ◽  
Cristina Caramés ◽  
Federico Rojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Hepatic Malignancy ◽  
Recent Advances

Hepatoblastoma is the most common hepatic malignancy during childhood. However, little is still known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the development of this disease. This review is focused on the recent advances regarding the study of microRNAs in hepatoblastoma and their substantial contribution to improv our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease. We show here that miRNAs represent valuable tools to identify signaling pathways involved in hepatoblastoma progression as well as useful biomarkers and novel molecular targets to develop alternative therapeutic strategies in this disease.

Assessment and Treatment Approaches for Survivors of Torture

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan J. McIvor ◽  
Stuart W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Survivors Of Torture

BackgroundTorture, with its personal, cultural, political and psychosocial effects, is presented as a complex trauma. The efficacy of different treatment modalities for those survivors who need assistance is examined critically.MethodInternational literature searches using MEDLINE and Psych-Info, books and relevant book chapters were examined.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-five articles were selected for analysis; 30 of the most relevant are discussed.ConclusionsDiscrete approaches to treatment have been developed, but many have yet to be evaluated critically. Common therapeutic elements are outlined. It is recommended that an integrated, flexible, client-centred approach utilising several techniques is most likely to achieve best results. Wider socio-political aspects should be taken into account, and treatment must be consistent with cultural expectations. Future directions for research are outlined and the role of primary prevention is stressed.

scholarly journals Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pediatric Tumor ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Future Potential

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric tumor malignancy that originates from the neural crest and accounts for more than 15% of all the childhood deaths from cancer. The neuroblastoma cancer research has long been focused on the role of MYCN oncogene amplification and the contribution of other genetic alterations in the progression of this malignancy. However, it is now widely accepted that, not only tumor cells, but the components of tumor microenvironment (TME), including extracellular matrix, stromal cells and immune cells, also contribute to tumor progression in neuroblastoma. The complexity of different components of tumor stroma and their resemblance with surrounding normal tissues pose huge challenges for therapies targeting tumor microenvironment in NB. Hence, the detailed understanding of the composition of the TME of NB is crucial to improve existing and future potential immunotherapeutic approaches against this childhood cancer. In this review article, I will discuss different components of the TME of NB and the recent advances in the strategies, which are used to target the tumor microenvironment in neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology and Neuropsychological Changes

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Naumann ◽  
Irene Daum
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes ◽  
Subjective Complaints ◽  
New Strategies

Narcolepsy is now recognized as a distinctive disorder with specific pathophysiology and neurochemical abnormalities. Findings on the role of the neuropeptide hypocretin are opening new avenues of research and new strategies for therapy. Recently, neuropsychological and electrophysiological studies have provided evidence for reduced memory performance on standard memory tests in addition to subjective complaints of forgetfulness which may be related to changes in attentional processing. Further studies are, however, necessary to clarify the neuropsychological profile in narcolepsy. This review focuses on the recent advances in understanding narcolepsy.

Fillers and Spaces in Text: Implications for the Relative Importance of Word Recognition and Physical Features of the Text during Reading

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Epelboim ◽  
J R Booth ◽  
A Taleghani ◽  
R Ashkenazy ◽  
R M Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Saccade Size ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Global Strategies ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Made In

The role of spaces between words in text was studied in many experiments by filling the spaces with irrelevant symbols. This practice is based on the assumption that these fillers occlude spaces without disturbing word recognition appreciably. There is no empirical evidence to support this assumption. We performed a series of experiments to study the role of fillers and spaces in text. We found that texts in all conditions in which words were surrounded by fillers were read more slowly than normal texts, as long as the fillers shared common features with the letters of the text (digits, irrelevant Latin letters, and Greek letters). Reading was as slow when words were surrounded by fillers (1like2 8this6), as when fillers replaced spaces (1like2this6), showing that reading was disrupted by the presence of fillers, not by the absence of spaces. Reading eye movements were recorded with some of the subjects and text conditions. The placement of fillers and the presence or absence of spaces in the text had no effect on percentage regressions, or on where reading saccades landed within words. However, more saccades per line were made in conditions that contained fillers than either with normal or with unspaced text. Observed differences in eye movement patterns and reading speed can be accounted for by a global adjustment to only one eye movement parameter, viz saccade size, made on the basis of the global appearance of the text. No evidence was found that the presence of fillers or the absence of spaces required new strategies for programming individual saccades. This suggests that word recognition and global strategies are more significant in programming reading saccades than the local physical features of the text.

Gut microbiota as a link between modern lifestyles and Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Gary Dykes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Modulative Role

: It is established that the gut microbiota has a significant influence on Alzheimer’s disease. In turn, both the disease and the microbiota are affected by biological variables associated with modern lifestyles. The examination of the potential interrelationship among these three factors and on the role played by lifestyles in gut dysbiosis-induced pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease are limited. Deciphering these connections will provide insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, based on this trilateral relationship, various non-pharmacological interventive strategies targeting the gut microbiota can be developed. This review fills this gap by presenting the latest evidence for the modulative role of modern lifestyles on the gut microbiota and its relevance to Alzheimer’s disease, with a discussion on the limitations of current research and future directions.

Motivational Interviewing in HIV Care

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hiv Continuum Of Care ◽  
Professional Acceptance

Motivational Interviewing in HIV Care reflects significant advances in clinical practice and research, as well as the growing momentum of professional acceptance of the motivational interviewing (MI) approach in HIV care. Original, comprehensive, and timely, with clinical illustrations and practical tips, along with discussion of innovative demonstrations projects in the United States and internationally, it features chapters on the latest MI concepts, evidence base, and its applications in the HIV continuum of care. Written with the spirit of MI, this clinically engaging, pragmatic, and empirically based book covers the applications of MI in addressing social determinants of HIV and the integration of MI with other treatment modalities. A whole section showcases training, dissemination, and the role of technology in HIV practice. Ethical dilemmas in the practice of MI in HIV care are explored. The coeditors are joined by expert contributors, researchers, and practitioners in a truly collaborative project, filling a unique niche in the HIV field. This volume identifies and debates future directions for research and clinical practice in HIV care.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disorders

Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jones ◽  
Jyoti Patel
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Western World ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Component ◽  
Made In

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world and represents an enormous global health burden. Significant advances have been made in the conservative, medical and surgical management across the range of cardiovascular diseases however the inflammatory components of these diseases have traditionally been neglected. Inflammation is certainly a key component of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition, but it is at least correlative and predictive of risk in many other aspects of cardiovascular medicine ranging from heart failure to outcomes following reperfusion strategies. Inflammation therefore represents significant potential for future risk stratification of patients as well as offering new therapeutic targets across cardiovascular medicine. This review explores the role of inflammation in several of the major aspects of cardiovascular medicine focusing on current and possible future examples of the targeting of inflammation in prognosis and therapy. It concludes that future directions of cardiovascular research and clinical practice should seek to identify cohorts of patients with a significant inflammatory component to their cardiovascular condition or reaction to cardiovascular intervention. These patients might benefit from therapeutic strategies mounted against the inflammatory components implicated in their condition.

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