scholarly journals Democracia, totalitarismo y progreso en El cuento de la criada: ¿un nostálgico cuento acerca de la esperanza?

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Valentina Yona
Keyword(s):  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Fredric Jameson

En este artículo abordo la serie televisiva The Handmaid’s Tale —creada por Bruce Miller y basada en la novela de Margaret Atwood— a fin de mostrar su potencia crítica de las narrativas del progreso para advertir la fragilidad de nuestras democracias y —como sostiene Giorgio Agamben— su contigüidad con los totalitarismos. Empero, asimismo examino la forma en que la tercera temporada pareciera aplacar las mencionadas críticas a través del desarrollo de lo que Fredric Jameson denomina nostalgia del presente. Igualmente, siguiendo a Mariela Solana, investigo de qué sentidos políticos se cargan la esperanza y la nostalgia en tanto afectos cuyos significados no es posible establecer a priori. Finalmente, sostengo que en la serie existe una convivencia extraña y perversa de dos modos de entender la nostalgia que hacen estallar la dicotomía entre deseos que —según Sara Ahmed— nos redireccionan hacia formas sociales donde ya se han depositado las esperanzas y deseos de cambio radical.

scholarly journals GENEALOGIA DE UM SILÊNCIO: RESISTÊNCIAS E PÓS-MODERNIDADE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Davis Moreira ALVIM (IFES) ◽  
Izabel Rizzi MAÇÃO (UFES)
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Fredric Jameson ◽  
Antonio Negri

Propõe-se uma genealogia do debate sobre a pós-modernidade do ponto vista das resistências, com enfoque nas perspectivas de Jean-François Lyotard, Jürgen Habermas e Fredric Jameson. Em que medida os debates sobre a condição pós-moderna silenciaram o problema das resistências? Como é possível compreender a pós-modernidade, relacionando-a às lutas e resistências do contemporâneo? São as perguntas que se busca responder especialmente a partir das ideias de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri, apontando as resistências como forças a priori, capazes de transformações ativas

Narrativas de vida e direitos humanos: reflexões sobre os direitos das mulheres e estado de exceção

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Luana Mathias Souto
Keyword(s):  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Homo Sacer

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os direitos das mulheres no contexto brasileiro, principalmente, seus direitos reprodutivos. Para atingir esse propósito, o artigo por meio da combinação entre Direito, Filosofia e Literatura tenta repensar por que as mulheres não possuem voz quando decisões sobre seus direitos são tomadas? Metodologicamente, utiliza-se de revisão bibliográfica, a partir da obra "O conto da Aia", escrita por Margaret Atwood (2006) e os conceitos de "homo sacer" e estado de exceção desenvolvidos pelo filósofo Giorgio Agamben (2004; 2007) para ilustrar como as narrativas de vida podem promover os direitos humanos.

scholarly journals Bartleby e a contingência: o saber-fazer-com o impossível

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Janniny Gautério Kierniew ◽  
Simone Zanon Moschen
Keyword(s):  
Herman Melville ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Wall Street

Este ensaio propõe uma reflexão que parte da narrativa literária Bartleby, o escrevente: uma história de Wall Street, escrita em 1853 por Herman Melville. O objetivo é operar com as noções de contingência e de saber-fazer-com o impossível, no campo da educação. Apoiado no pressuposto freudiano de que educar é uma das profissões que opera com o impossível e em diálogo com a leitura de Giorgio Agamben, que localiza no clássico de Melville a manifestação da contingência absoluta, este texto propõe que Bartleby, ao sustentar um lugar de resistência, em que a impossibilidade é compreendida como pura potência, promove um corte e instala um espaço para que alguma coisa que não estava dada a priori possa aparecer. Dessa forma, pensa-se que o personagem oferece pistas para inventar modos de um saber-fazer-com o impossível que pode interessar à educação. É por meio da narrativa literária de Herman Melville, articulada em torno do “preferiria não”, que se evidenciam coordenadas de uma constelação ética para um saber-fazer-com o impossível no campo da educação.

scholarly journals La teoría literaria y el paradigma: la circulación del inconsciente político

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Víctor Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Fredric Jameson

Resumen: Desde que Fredric Jameson propuso pensar el inconsciente político de las narraciones literarias en 1981, su propuesta ha circulado frecuentemente en ámbitos ajenos a la teoría literaria (arquitectura, cine, filosofía política, etc.). Cuando el inconsciente político circula no se traspone tanto un concepto teórico de forma literal cuanto un modo de visibilidad o un paradigma que establece analogías entre ámbitos distintos incluyendo dicha diferencia como posibilidad de la circulación. A partir de la noción de paradigma de Thomas S. Kuhn y de la discusión propuesta por Giorgio Agamben, este texto piensa qué clase de paradigma se convoca en varios de esos usos y circulaciones, con el objetivo de discernir cómo la teoría literaria desborda sus contornos y se activa en otros discursos y disciplinas.

scholarly journals Τα κόμικς ως παλίμψηστα

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιωάννης Κουκουλάς
Keyword(s):  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Jean Baudrillard ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
Fredric Jameson ◽  
Gerard Genette ◽  
Little Nemo In Slumberland ◽  
Armory Show

Τα κόμικς, ως μαζικά παραγόμενο πολιτιστικό προϊόν με πλατιά απεύθυνση στο κοινό από τα τέλη του δέκατου ένατου αιώνα μέχρι σήμερα, παρά τη σφοδρή πολεμική εναντίον τους από μία μερίδα συντηρητικών παιδαγωγών, κριτικών, δημοσιογράφων, διατήρησαν στενές σχέσεις με τις εικαστικές, οπτικές και αφηγηματικές τέχνες. Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει τους τρόπους χρήσης γνωστών και αναγνωρίσιμων εικόνων και κειμένων της Ιστορίας της Τέχνης από τους δημιουργούς κόμικς στο πλαίσιο της άτυπης εγκαθίδρυσης διακειμενικών και διαεικονικών εκλεκτικών συγγενειών ανάμεσα στα έργα τέχνης. Μέσω ποικίλων τροποποιητικών παρεμβάσεων και ιδιοποιητικών πρακτικών, τα κόμικς μπορούν να θεωρηθούν ως μεταφορικά παλίμψηστα που επιτρέπουν νέες αναγνώσεις των παλαιών έργων σε νέα συγκείμενα και υπό νέες οπτικές, είτε η πρόθεση των δημιουργών τους είναι η απότιση φόρου τιμής είτε η παρωδία με τις πολλαπλές εκφάνσεις της. Για την κριτική και ερμηνεία αυτών των προθέσεων εξετάζονται θέσεις και θεωρίες στοχαστών όπως ο Fredric Jameson και ο Jean Baudrillard που διάκεινται αρνητικά στο μεταμοντέρνο παστίς και τη μεταμυθοπλαστική παρωδία και άλλων όπως η Linda Hutcheon, η Margaret Rose και ο Giorgio Agamben που αντιμετωπίζουν τη διακειμενική και διαεικονική παρωδία με θετικό τρόπο εστιάζοντας το ενδιαφέρον τους στην αναπλαισίωση και στα νέα νοήματα. Για την κατανόηση της πρακτικής των σύγχρονων καλλιτεχνών κόμικς, την ανίχνευση της καταγωγικής αλυσίδας των έργων και την συνθετότητα των αναπτυσσόμενων σχέσεων μεταξύ τους αξιοποιούνται θεωρίες όπως αυτή του Gérard Genette περί παλίμψηστων και επιχειρείται μία περιοδολόγηση αναφορικά με την αλλαγή στάσης των δημιουργών κόμικς απέναντι στα εικαστικά και λογοτεχνικά έργα με βάση την εκάστοτε περί τέχνης περιρρέουσα ατμόσφαιρα. Προς τούτο εξετάζονται ως μελέτες περίπτωσης, κόμικς από τις αρχές του εικοστού αιώνα (Krazy Kat του George Herriman, Gasoline Alley του Frank King, Little Nemo in Slumberland του Winsor McCay) μέχρι το έργο του Harvey Kurtzman, τα underground κόμικς και σύγχρονα κόμικς όπως τα Art Ops, Army @ Love, Deadpool Killustrated, ο Mικρός Lovecraft, το έργο του Αρκά, του Henrik Lange, του Guido Crepax κ.ά., επιθετικών γελοιογραφιών από την εποχή του The Armory Show μέχρι τις σύγχρονες πολιτικές γελοιογραφίες και ταινιών animation όπως το Toy Story, η σειρά The Simpsons κ.ά., σε σχέση με τον τρόπο που ιδιοποιούνται εμβληματικά έργα όπως η Ολυμπία και το Πρόγευμα στη Χλόη του Μανέ, η Γκερνίκα και Οι Δεσποινίδες της Αβινιόν του Πικάσο, η Μόνα Λίζα και ο Βιτρουβιανός Άνθρωπος του Ντα Βίντσι, η Πιετά και η Δημιουργία του Αδάμ του Μικελάντζελο, η Κραυγή του Μουνκ, η αρχαία κωμωδία και τραγωδία, ο Δον Κιχώτης του Θερβάντες, το έργο του Σαίξπηρ, του Έντγκαρ Άλαν Πόε, ο Μόμπυ Ντικ του Μέλβιλ, η Μεταμόρφωση του Κάφκα, η αρχαία κωμωδία και τραγωδία, τα έργα του Σέκσπιρ, του Έντγκαρ Άλαν Πόε κ.ά.

scholarly journals Arqueologia e Magia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (35) ◽  
pp. 232-249
Author(s):  
Tiago Brentam Perencini
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
De Se

A natureza não deixa nada sem assinar. Parece haver, no gesto da emissão de sinais, um propósito ético que pouco pode ser compreendido à luz das ciências humanas. Pensando diferente do registro científico, o objetivo geral deste artigo será descrever o jogo de penumbra pela qual a arqueologia de Michel Foucault aproxima-se do paradigma da magia. A magia é uma prática espiritual consigo, com o outro e com o mundo, que não se pode reduzir à representação e à significação. A hipótese que levanto busca averiguar em que medida o paradigma da magia é presente nos escritos arqueológicos de Michel Foucault, ainda que o pensador francês pouco se refira diretamente a ele, tarefa que implica uma escavação sobre os rastros deixados nas entrelinhas de seu pensamento, como fez seu contemporâneo Giorgio Agamben. Para tanto, enfocarei a ressonância existente entre os conceitos de (a) enunciado e assinatura e (b) a priori histórico e mana. Sabemos que enunciado e a priori histórico são dois operadores centrais ao pensamento arqueológico. Minha tarefa será mostrar que eles são íntimos à assinatura e à mana, ambas noções provenientes do campo da magia. Não será difícil percebermos que a arqueologia bebe no paradigma da magia ao ponto de se embriagar, o que permite pensar com saberes e práticas que foram eclipsados desde o pensamento secularizado e o iluminismo. Dessa maneira, a Arqueologia se inscreve como um ethos ainda a ser desvendado, espécie de anticiência das assinaturas.  

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 996-997
Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

Treating Velopharyngeal Inadequacy Using Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Buccal Flap

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352

Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Project Match Research Group
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Project Match
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