scholarly journals Dieta de la zorra gris (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) y su posible importancia en la dispersión de semillas de ciprés (Juniperus comitana) en Huehuetenango, Guatemala

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Martin Viteri Pasch ◽  
Guillermo Alejandro Mármol Kattán
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Feces Sample

ResumenSe realizó un estudio en el bosque mixto de la finca Chaculá en Nentón, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, para caracterizar la dieta de la zorra gris (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) por medio de análisis de contenido fecal. Se colectaron muestras de heces en las que se encontraron semillas de Juniperus comitana, el cual es un ciprés considerado amenazado y endémico de la región. De igual forma, se encontró la presencia de restos de pequeños mamíferos (Peromyscus mexicanus, P. aztecus, Soricidae y Didelphidae), aves e insectos (Coleoptera, Carabidae y Orthoptera), con una frecuencia relativa de 0.35, 0.14 y 0.35 respectivamente. En el estudio se obtuvo un promedio de 72 semillas de J. comitana por muestra, lo que resalta la importancia de realizar investigaciones orientadas a evaluar la legitimidad y efectividad de la zorra gris como dispersor potencial de semillas de este árbol en peligro de extinción.Palabras clave: bosque mixto, ciprés endémico, contenido fecal, Huehuetenango, regional, zorra gris.AbstractWe conducted a study on food habits of grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in the mixed forest of Finca Chaculá en Nentón, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, through the quantification of food items in scats. We collected samples, all of which contained seeds of Juniperus comitana, an endangered cipres endemic to the region. We also detected remains of small mammals (Peromyscus mexicanus, P. aztecus, Soricidae and Didelphidae), birds and insects (Coleoptera, Carabidae and Orthoptera), with a relative frequency of 0.35, 0.14 and 0.35 respectively. An average of 72 seeds per feces sample were obtained; this shows the importance of researching the legitimacy and effectivity of the grey fox as a J. comitana seed dispersal agent.Key words: endangered cipres, food habits, grey fox, Huehuetenango, mixed forest.

Food habits and space use of gray foxes in relation to sympatric coyotes and bobcats

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1794-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer CC Neale ◽  
Benjamin N Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Interspecific Relationships ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Canid Species

To investigate interspecific relationships between gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lynx rufus), we quantified occurrence of food items in carnivore scats and used relative abundances of scats on transects to assess space use. Dietary-overlap indices between the two canid species were high during summer and fall ([Formula: see text] = 0.89) when fruits were prevalent in scats of both species, and were lower during winter and spring ([Formula: see text] = 0.70) when fruits were less available. Foxes differed most from coyotes in their relatively less frequent ungulate consumption. Fox–bobcat dietary-overlap indices were relatively low in summer and fall ([Formula: see text] = 0.37) and greater in winter and spring ([Formula: see text] = 0.74). Foxes differed most from bobcats in their more frequent consumption of fruits and less frequent consumption of lagomorphs. Abundance of fox scats was positively correlated with abundance of coyote scats during both winter–spring (r = 0.52, p = 0.02) and summer–fall (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and with abundance of bobcat scats during winter–spring (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) and summer–fall (r = 0.22, p > 0.10). Thus, despite similarities in diet, we found no evidence that gray foxes avoided these larger predators in space.

scholarly journals Diet of Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fagner Daniel Teixeira ◽  
Elisa Paraíso Mesquita ◽  
Michele Alves Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Carvalho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Young Individual ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Report Data

AbstractThe Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) is a top predator and inhabits mainly preserved forests. It occurs from Mexico to Argentina and throughout Brazil, where it is threatened by extinction. It hunts birds, mammals and reptiles, picking up both on the ground and on the branches in the forest. Here we report data on a pair and one young individual of this species registered in the southeast of Minas Gerais state, eastern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. In addition, a literature review on the diet of the species was carried out aiming gather data on food habits. The nesting territory, as well as the nest was discovered in semi-deciduous seasonal forest area. We recorded predation of a Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) by the young. After two days of observation, the nest was overthrown, what allowed its screening for other food items discovered after analysis of some feathers and bones. Detailed records of predation of S. ornatus were non-existent or inaccurate. Taking together our own field observation and the literature review, we found 121 taxa consumed by S. ornatus. A total of 78 bird species were reported, mainly Galliformes, followed by medium-sized mammals (38 species), well represented by Rodentia and Primates.

scholarly journals Food Habits of Dabbling Ducks During Fall Migration in a Prairie Pothole System, Heron Lake, Minnesota

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Wersal ◽  
Brock R. McMillan ◽  
John D. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Dabbling Ducks ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dabbling Duck ◽  
Stuckenia Pectinata ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Volume Method

We conducted an analysis of dabbling duck food habits in the fall of 2002 and 2003 in the Heron Lake system. Gizzard contents of hunter-harvested birds were analyzed using the percent aggregate volume method to determine what food items were consumed and in what quantity. Curltop Ladysthumb (Polygonum lapathifolium) was the food item consumed most often (82.2%) and in the greatest volume (34.2 ml). Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) was the only food item of which multiple plant parts were consumed. However, the seeds and tubers only comprised 1.27 and 0.07 of the total aggregate percent.

scholarly journals Ecomorphology and food habits of teleost fishes Trachinotus carolinus (Teleostei: Carangidae) and Menticirrhus littoralis (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), inhabiting the surf zone off Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (spe4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Prestrelo Palmeira ◽  
Cassiano Monteiro-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Food Items

The ecomorphology and food habits of juvenile Trachinotus carolinus and Menticirrhus littoralis caught in the surf zone of sandy beaches in Niterói, RJ, were investigated between July 2006 and May 2007. These fish species differ morphologically, but present similarities in their diet composition suggest some slight overlapping in their diet. The importance of food items was assessed using Kawakami and Vazzoler's feeding index. Morphometric variables were recorded to correlate with the diet composition of the different size classes for each species. A total of 210 fishes (Trachinotus carolinus - 122, Menticirrhus littoralis - 88), ranging between 24.2 mm and 112 mm total length, were analyzed, but the stomachs of only 84.8% of them contained food. Trachinotus carolinus presented mysids, Polychaetes and Emerita spp. as the predominant items in their diet. Formicidae and Isopoda were the most important items for class I individuals, whereas mysids and Emerita spp. were important for classes II and III. Class I individuals also showed smaller sized prey (amphipods and isopods) and clupeid fish larvae in their diet. Emerita spp. dominated the food items of Menticirrhus littoralis regardless of the size class. Polychaetes, the second most important item was better represented in class sizes II and III. The main morphometric variable correlated with such differences included mouth position and diameter of the eye.

scholarly journals Disparities in food habits across Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Trichopoulou ◽  
Androniki Naska ◽  
Tina Costacou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The North ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
European Populations

Socially-and culturally-patterned differences in food habits exist both between and within European populations. Daily individual food availability data, collected through the national household budget surveys (HBS) and harmonized in the context of the Data Food Networking (DAFNE) project, were used to assess disparities in food habits of seven European populations and to evaluate dietary changes within a 10-year interval. The availability of selected food items was further estimated according to the educational level of the household head and, based only on the Greek HBS data, according to quintiles of the household's food purchasing capacity. Results for overall food availability support the north-south differentiation in food habits. Generally, the availability of most food items, including foods such as vegetable fats, animal lipids and sugar products, has decreased over the 10 years. Households in which the head was in the higher education categories reported lower availability for most food items, with the exception of low-fat milk, fresh fruit, animal lipids and soft drinks; the latter showing a sharp increase even within southern European households. The household's food purchasing capacity can be used as an indicator of socio-economic status, with higher values being associated with lower status. Greek households of lower social class follow a healthier diet in terms of greater availability of vegetable oils, fresh vegetables, legumes, fish and seafood. Data from the DAFNE databank may serve as a tool for identifying and quantifying variation in food habits in Europe, as well as for providing information on the socio-economic determinants of food preferences.

Activity pattern of Atlantic Forest small arboreal mammals as revealed by camera traps

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos ◽  
Marcos A. Tortato ◽  
Maurício E. Graipel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Food Items

Even though the great majority of the biomass and diversity of mammals in tropical forests inhabit the canopy (Eisenberg &amp; Thorington 1973), most knowledge of this group is based on forest-floor samples (Lowman &amp; Moffett 1993). Studies that include trapping efforts in the canopy are becoming increasingly common (Grelle 2003, Lambertet al. 2005, Malcolm 1995, Pattonet al. 2000, Vieira &amp; Monteiro-Filho 2003, Vosset al. 2001), but aspects on the ecology of arboreal small mammals still remain poorly understood. Many species of non-flying mammals co-occur in the canopy and, thus, are expected to use niche dimensions differently to permit coexistence (Cameronet al. 1979). Despite the difficulties of access to and in understanding the three-dimensional use of the arboreal strata by the different species (Emmons 1995), some studies have demonstrated that the differential use of the habitat (Cunha &amp; Vieira 2002, Gentile &amp; Fernandez 1999), of food items (Cácereset al. 2002, Santoriet al. 1995) or both (Leiteet al. 1996, Mauffrey &amp; Catzeflis 2003), include strategies involved in the division of resources.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Changes in Habitat Heterogeneity Promote Partition of Resources of Small Mammals in a Midlatitude Temperate Forest

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. De la Cruz-Arguello ◽  
Alondra Castro-Campillo ◽  
Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado ◽  
Arturo Salame-Méndez ◽  
José Ramírez-Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dispersion Patterns ◽  
Microhabitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Habitat Variables

AbstractOne of the basics and fundamentals problems in ecology is understand the factors that shape the spatial patterns in the distribution of the species and the coexistence of close relatives species. Among the most important factors governing the distributions and the coexistence of species are the spatiotemporal changes occurring in the microhabitat heterogeneity. Here, we assessed the heterogeneity of microhabitats and how they have an effect in the spatial segregation of two species of small mammals (i. e., Peromyscus difficilis and P. melanotis), which coexist in a temperate, mixed forest. We evaluated the microhabitat heterogeneity through multivariate statistics, using onto 23 habitat variables for vertical-horizontal habitat structure along pluvial seasons. To detect specific microdistribution changes and habitat preferences by two species of small mammals, we used second order spatial statistics and general linear models. According to their respective morphology and locomotive adaptations, the middle sized, midscansorial P. difficilis was resident all year long and preferred microhabitats with a high log ground cover, while the opportunistic, small sized, cursorial P. melanotis changed its occupancy area, depending on density of herbaceous and woody plants cover. Under the more benign microhabitat conditions of rainy season (denser plant coverage, milder temperature), both species showed closer microdistribution patterns; while these became repulsive at the less benign conditions of dry season (scarcer plant cover, colder temperature). Thus, we could confirm that seasonal changes of microhabitat heterogeneity promoted Peromyscus coexistence, through dispersion patterns reflecting partition of microhabitat resources.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ON CHANGING FOOD HABITS AND IT'S IMPACT ON HEALTH: W.S.R. AYURVEDA DIETARY GUIDELINES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Amol Ramesh Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Packaged Food

BACKGROUND: Urbanization has a great impact on present lifestyle which in turn has affected dietary habits on a signicant level. Unfortunately people have been adapted to the food habits which have several adverse effects on health. In the changing lifestyle people tends to prefer fast food, ready-to-eat packaged food items and restaurant eating. There is growing evidence that prevalence of lifestyle disorders have surged owing to the change in the dietary habits. In Ayurvda there is elaborative explanation regarding dietary guidelines which if followed can be helpful in prevention of the disorders related to the changed dietary habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Ayurveda literature, research papers, scientic journals and authentic web sources related to this concept have been referred for conceptual study. RESULTS: There are enough evidences available supporting the fact that following the Ayurveda dietary guidelines can be helpful in the prevention of disorders associated with the changing food habits of present era. CONCLUSION: Adopting the Ayurveda dietary guidelines can be useful in preserving and promoting positive health. Further research to nd the mode of action on these Ayurveda dietary guidelines in the prevention of lifestyle disorders can be proposed

scholarly journals NUTRITION IN AYURVEDA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITYASEVANEEYA AND ANITYASEVANEEYA DRAVYAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Parvathy B ◽  
Neelakanta J Sajjanar ◽  
Gopalakrishna G
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

It is an undeniable fact that food choices make a huge impact on health of an individual. 21st century has witnessed an increase in incidences of non-communicable chronic diseases also known as lifestyle diseases. One of the major factors responsible for it is the unhealthy food habits. Thus, it is the need of the hour to understand more about the right food choices for daily nutrition. Ayurveda explains about of nutrition under Pathyapathya. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of Pathyapathya in the maintenance of health as well as management of diseases. Nityasevaneeya dravyas, are the food items which are ideal for regular use like green gram (Mudga), ghee (Go ghruta), honey (Madhu). These help to promote and maintain health as well as prevent diseases. At the same time Anitya sevaneeya dravyas, are those food articles which are not suitable for regular use like Paneer (Kurchika), curd (Dadhi), black gram (Masha). These food items on regular consumption can lead to many diseases. In this study a detailed review of each drug mentioned under Nitya sevaneeya and Anityasevaneeya dravyas both in Ayurveda and contemporary science are done. Review indents to highlight the scientific background behind each food article to re-establish their relevance in today’s time.

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