scholarly journals Utilization of Endophytes Fungi from Jatropha Leaves (Jatropha curcas L.) Against Fusarium oxysporum Causing Tuber Rot Disease Onion (Allium cepa var. Ascalonicum (L.) Backer)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2655-2660
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Rabiatul Wahdah
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tuber Rot

Tuber rot is one of the important diseases in onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytes are biological agents that are currently widely used in controlling plant diseases. Excessive use of pesticides and continuously has shown negative impacts such as resurgence, resistance to pests and pathogens, and the death of natural enemies. Currently, pests and pathogens control effort are directed at the utilization of natural enemies or better known as biological control. Endophyte is a microorganism that grows in plant tissues without causing symptoms. Endophytes allegedly capable of producing a variety of phytochemical compounds generated by their host. The leaves of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is one part of the plant that contains secondary metabolites.Phytochemical tests on the Jatropha show that Jatropha contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins that are an antimicrobial potential of plant-pathogen control agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of some Endophytes isolates and their impact on the growth of F. oxysporum in vitro in onion.Exploration (endophyte isolation from Jatropha healthy leaves) and observation (antagonist test of Endophytes of the Jatropha leaves) method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor (10 treatment) repeated three times. There were 14 endophytes isolated from Jatropha leaves with a growth ratio of 4.5 cm/2 days. The best treatment to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum in vitro is Jc5, Jc8, Jc10.

scholarly journals Methods to assess the viability of cryopreserved Jatropha curcas L. seed germplasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. SALOMÃO ◽  
I.R.I. SANTOS ◽  
S.C.B.R. JOSÉ ◽  
J.P. DA SILVA ◽  
B.G. LAVIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Applications

ABSTRACT Jatropha curcas L. is a plant species with many potential applications, especially medicinal uses (hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic, healing, anti-tumor). The objective of this study was to test germination in moist paper rolls for whole seeds and in vitro for excised embryonic axes, in an attempt to identify the best method to assess the quality of J. curcas seed germplasm, cryopreserved with different water contents. The experimental sample with a 6.2% moisture content (MC) was divided in subsamples which were hydrated and dehydrated for 0 (control), 4, 8, 11 and 24h. The initial germination percentages were 63% for whole seeds and 81% for excised embryonic axes. After exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN), germination percentages were 48% (whole seeds) and 57% (excised embryonic axes). There was no significant difference between germination percentages in embryonic excised from seeds subjected or not subjected to freezing, with different MC. In contrast, there was a reduction of the whole seed germination percentage when exposed to LN (contrast = 0.17, standard error = 0.04, t = 4.09, p = 0.001) and not for the hydration and dehydration treatments. The methodology based on in vitro cultures of the embryonic axis isolated from seeds stored in LN with distinct MC values was more efficient than the standard germination test to evaluate the viability of J. curcas seeds before and after LN storage.

scholarly journals Induction of different types of callus in Jatropha curcas L. hybrid accession at in vitro condition

2017 ◽  
pp. 874-879
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Wagner A. Vendrame ◽  
Luciana Cardoso Nogueira Londe ◽  
Massy Sanaey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi, Agronomi, dan Isozim

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswari S Dewi ◽  
Yusie Arisanti ◽  
Bambang S. Purwoko ◽  
Hariyadi Hariyadi ◽  
M. Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. from the<br />family Euphorbiaceae for the production of biofuel is rapidly<br />growing. The research objective was to determine genetic<br />variation of several high yielding physic nuts based on their<br />morphology, agronomy, and isozyme characters. The<br />research used Completely Randomized Design with three<br />replications. The treatment was consisted of 8 genotypes i.e.<br />IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-2P, Lombok Timur, Lombok Tengah,<br />Lombok Barat, Sumbawa, and Bima. Analysis of isozyme of<br />the eight genotypes was also conducted according to 5<br />enzyme systems, i.e. peroksidase, esterase, aspartat<br />aminotransferase, malat dehidrogenase, and alcohol<br />dehidrogenase. Observation was done on qualitative and<br />quantitative characters as well as banding pattern derivedisozymes.<br />The results showed that genetic variation was low<br />when based on qualitative characters and isozyme (0-25%)<br />but relatively high when based on selected quantitative<br />characters analysis (17-81%). Analysis of combined<br />qualitative, quantitative, and isozyme characters still gave<br />low genetic variation (6-33%). Based on the quantitative<br />characters at similarity coefficient of 46% the genotypes can<br />be devided into three clusters. Improved population<br />genotypes, i.e. IP-1A, IP-1M, and IP-2P were placed in 3<br />different clusters, while other genotypes from NTB area<br />were grouped in the same cluster. Therefore, selection<br />among population of the same ecotype based on agronomic<br />characters such as yield components, yield and oil content<br />was suitable in Jatropha improvement, especially when<br />genetic variation was low. Furthermore, introduction,<br />mutation and crossing are suggested to increase genetic<br />variation of current Jatropha collection.</p>

scholarly journals Bioactive effect of Jatropha curcas L. leaf product on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambara nut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
S.A. Dattijo ◽  
B.I. Ahmed ◽  
S.A. Adebitan ◽  
U.A. Gurama ◽  
B.I. Bichi
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Callosobruchus Subinnotatus

The research was conducted in the year 2016 at the Entomology laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Bayero University Kano to assessed the bioactive effect of physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. leaf powder on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambara nut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. The study was also aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the leaf powder with conventional chemical insecticide (pirimiphos-methyl). In a 2×2 factorial experiment, the leaf powder and pirimiphos-methyl were admixed with bambara nut seeds. The first factor (leaves) had two (2) levels (0.0 and 0.5 g/20 g seed) while the second factor (pirimipos-methyl) also had two levels, with and without the standard rate of application (0.00 and 0.01 g/20 g). These were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design and repeated three times. Results showed fumigant, repellant and contact effects were best exhibited in seeds treated with the leaf powder admixed at the rate of 0.5g, but was not significantly different from seeds treated with pirimiphos- methyl. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambara nut seeds was achieved using the leaf powder of J. curcas applied at 0.5 g/20 g bambara nut seeds during storage.Keywords: Bioactive, Callosobruchus subinnotatus, bambara nut, Jatropha, fumugant

scholarly journals Antagonisme Fungi Endofit Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum C2 Penyebab Busuk Umbi pada Bawang Merah in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Fauziyyah Nahdah ◽  
Noorkomala Sari ◽  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Rabiatul Wahdah
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Spss Software

<p class="Abstract">Basal plate rot is a major disease on shallot caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. Endophytic fungi is promising to use as antagonist agent to the pathogen. Endophyte is microbes that are living in plant cells and have an asymptomatic characteristic. Nowadays, fungal endophyte is believed to produce antimicrobial substances similar with their plant host's natural product. <em>Jatropha curcas</em> is one of the plants containing secondary metabolites that have antifungal activities. The research aimed to study the ability of endophyte from <em>Jatropha curcas</em> to inhibit the growth of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. The dual culture method was used in this research and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. This antagonism test was conducted by 9 isolates endophyte and each plate consisted of 3 replicates. The result revealed endophyte fungal obtaining 9 isolates with the radial growth of 4,5 cm/2 days. Endophytes of <em>Jatropha curcas</em> L. were able to inhibit the growth of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> C2. The percentage of inhibition of <em>Fusarium oxysporum </em>causing of root blight diseases was controlled by up 38.27 - 74.48%. The highest percentage of inhibition is gained by B4b and the lowest of it is A2b. Our observations showed that each endophyte has a consistent linear trend. B4b still leaded as the highest strength to inhibit the growth of pathogen on the monitoring of 3, 5, and 7 days. Moreover, the ability of fungi endophyte from <em>Jatropha curcas</em> as antagonist agent to <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> needs to be further examined by the in vivo method.</p>

scholarly journals Efektivitas Limbah Cengkih dalam Menekan Perkembangan In Vitro Sclerotium rolfsii, Jamur Penyebab Damping Off Kacang Tanah

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Handry R D Amanupunyo ◽  
Nace E Tahitu ◽  
Gratiana N C Tuhumury
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Various problems have caused the decline in peanut production, among others the low resistance of peanut plants to various diseases. One of the obstacles in peanut production is the attack of plant diseases, such as the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The use of plant-based insecticides can be an alternative to disease control in peanuts. This study aimed to obtain the appropriate and effective dose of clove leaves and flower stalks in suppressing the in vitro growth of the fungus S. rolfsii Sacc causing damping off in peanuts, and to test the effectiveness of clove leaves and flower stalks on the formation of sklerotia of the fungus. This study used ‘tuni’ clove powder from Waai Village, Salahutu District. This experimental study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that the growth of the fungus S. rolfsii Sacc. was inhibited by clove flower stalk powder at a dose of 1.5 g per100 mL of PDA, which was indicated by the number of sklerotia formed of 13.67% and propagule weight of 0.12 g, followed by a dose of clove leaf powder of 1.5 g per100 mL PDA, with amount of sklerotia formed of 27.33% and propagule weight of 0.17 g. These results were statistically shown on the parameters: colony diameter, Sklerotia formation time, number of Sklerotia, and weight of propagules. Keywords: Clove powder, dosage, in vitro, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.   ABSTRAK Berbagai masalah telah menyebabkan turunnya produksi kacang tanah, diantaranya masih rendahnya ketahanan tanaman kacang tanah terhadap berbagai penyakit. Salah satu kendala dalam produksi kacang tanah adalah serangan penyakit tanaman, seperti jamur Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Penggunaan insektisida nabati dapat menjadi alternatif pengendalian penyakit pada kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dosis daun dan tangkai bunga cengkih yang tepat dan efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan jamur S. rolfsii Sacc penyebab damping off pada kacang tanah secara in vitro, serta menguji efektifitas daun dan tangkai bunga cengkih terhadap pembentukan sklerotia jamur. Penelitian ini menggunakan bubuk cengkih tuni, dari Desa Waai, Kecamatan Salahutu. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan jamur S. rolfsii Sacc. terhambat oleh bubuk tangkai bunga cengkih pada dosis 1,5 g per 100 mL PDA yang ditunjukan oleh jumlah sklerotia terbentuk 13,67% dan berat propagul 0,12 g dan diikuti oleh dosis bubuk daun cengkih 1,5 g per 100 mL PDA, dengan jumlah sklerotia 27,33% dan berat propagul 0,17 g. Hasil ini secara statistik ditunjukkan pada parameter: diameter koloni, waktu terbentuk sklerotia, jumlah sklerotia, dan berat propagul. Kata kunci: bubuk cengkih, dosis, in vitro, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

scholarly journals Action of Trichodermil 1306 in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Bruna Portolan ◽  
Silmara Rodrigues Pietrobelli ◽  
Gabriela Silva Moura ◽  
Aline Pomari Fernandes ◽  
Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important diseases of tomato crop in Brazil. Several alternatives to fungicides have been evaluated in search for products that control this disease and have low environmental impact and toxicity to living beings. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to agrochemicals, since they are bioregulators and antagonists of several phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of the Trichodermil 1306 biofungicide against F. oxysporum, and its action in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato seeds and seedlings. The biofungicide was used at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the dose recommended for application of 20 L with a backpack sprayer. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The 100% Trichodermil concentration was the most efficient for treating tomato seeds. Although this concentration did not show differences in relation to the lowest dose used (50%) in the tomato seed antagonism, mycoparasitism and F. oxysporum incidence tests were recommended because that the lowest concentration resulted in 18% lower root protrusion than that observed with 100% dosage. The in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of this biological fungicide indicates its potential in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato crops.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FRAKSI EKSTRAK DAUN NIMBA (Azadirachta indica A.) DAN DAUN JARAK (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP DIAMETER KOLONI DAN JUMLAH SPORA JAMUR Colletotrichum capsici PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanti Ningsih ◽  
Efri Efri ◽  
Titik Nur Aeny
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Tanaman cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan tanaman semusim yang tergolong dalam famili solanaceae. Budidaya cabai seringkali menghadapi banyak kendala terutama dalam usaha meningkatkan produktivitas, baik dalam hal kualitas maupun kuantitasnya. Salah satu penyakit yang menjadi kendala pada pertanaman cabai adalah penyakit antraknosa. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum capsici dan pada tingkat tertentu dapat mengakibatkan kerugian yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas fraksi ekstrak daun nimba dan daun jarak sebagai biofungisida terhadap pertumbuhan C. capsici secara in vitro penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun nimba fraksi alkohol 90% , ekstrak daun jarak fraksi alkohol 10%, fraksi alkohol 90%, fraksi etil asetat 10% dan fraksi n-heksana 90% berpotensi sebagai fungisida nabati yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni dan pembentukan spora C. capsici.

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