Development of Rain Gauge Station in SGI Campus

In this study, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) version 7 satellite rainfall product, TRMM 3B42 (V7), was validated using rain gauge measurements in the Upper Huaihe Basin, China. This validation was carried out at monthly and annual temporal scales for an 11-year period using four selected grids with six, four, two and one rain gauge station (s) located within the TRMM grid respectively; the rain gage measurements for grids with more than one rain gauge were averaged. This study found that the validation of the TRMM dataset in grids where there were adequate rain gauge were present to capture the distributed and stochastic nature of rainfall with very good correlation (0.87-0.94) and with very little relative bias when the rain gage accumulations were compared with the TRMM estimates. From the study we found that the TRMM dataset can be used as precipitation input for hydrological modeling at monthly and annual scales for sustainable water resources management in the Upper Huaihe River and even in un-gaged or sparsely gaged basins in other parts of the world.

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Nigerian Rain Gauge Station Optimization and National Development: The importance of Head Count

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/413/1/012022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 413 ◽

pp. 012022 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ben U Ngene ◽

Njideka Obianigwe

Keyword(s):

National Development ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Rain Gauge Station ◽

Gauge Station ◽

Head Count

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Contamination Vulnerability Analysis of Watershed for Water Quality Monitoring

Forum Geografi ◽

10.23917/forgeo.v20i1.1803 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Widyastuti Widyastuti ◽

Slamet Suprayogi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Surface ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Vulnerability Analysis ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Neural Network Modeling ◽

Rain Gauge Station ◽

Gauge Station

This research is an early step to determine the location of rain gauge station for artificial neural network modeling. The implementation of this model is very useful for water quality monitoring. The objectives of this study are: 1) to study the distribution of watershed parameter, that are average annual precipitation, land use and land-surface slope, 2) to conduct vulnerability analysis of watershed contamination, 3) to determine the location of rain gauge station. The study was performed by weighing and rating method of watershed parameters. The vulnerability degree of watershedtocontaminationispresentedasvulnerabilityindex.Thisindexisdeterminedbyoverallsumofallmultiplication between score and weigh number of each parameter. All data manipulation and data analysis were performed by using Geographic Information System (ArcView version by 3.2). The vulnerability of watershed contamination map had been generated using overlay operation of parameters. The results show that vulnerability index are varies between 10 up to 40 intervals. Hence, the indexes were categorized into three levels of watershed vulnerability, namely low (10 – 20), moderate (20 – 30) and high (30 – 40). It is found that the study area covered more by high vulnerability of watershed to contamination. The zoning of watershed vulnerability meant to determine the rain gauge location. There are three rain gauge stations on the area that they are in a high vulnerability level, whereas the other vulnerability level area has one rain gauge station. Each level of vulnerability area is able to represent the source of contaminant that it maybe influence the water quality of Gajahwong river.

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Accuracy assessment and error cause analysis of GPM (V06) in Xiangjiang river catchment

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2021.188 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bingru Tian ◽

Hua Chen ◽

Jialing Wang ◽

Chong-Yu Xu

Keyword(s):

Rain Gauge ◽

Precipitation Intensity ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Total Precipitation ◽

Rain Gauge Station ◽

Xiangjiang River ◽

River Catchment ◽

Satellite Precipitation ◽

Gauge Station ◽

The Impact

Abstract Application potential and development prospect of satellite precipitation products such as Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) have promising implications. This study discusses causes of spatiotemporal differences on GPM data through the following steps: Initially, calculate bias between satellite-based data and rain gauge data of Xiangjiang river catchment to assess the accuracy of GPM (06E, 06 L, and 06F) products. Second, total errors of satellite precipitation data are divided into hit bias (HBIAS: precipitation detected by both GPM and rain gauge station), missed precipitation (MBIAS: precipitation detected only by rain gauge station), and false precipitation (FBIAS: precipitation detected only by GPM). Third, evaluate the impact of precipitation intensity and total precipitation on accuracy of GPM data and their influence on three error components. Several conclusions are drawn from the results above: (1) Satellite-based precipitation measurements perform better on a larger temporal-spatial scale. (2) The accuracy of TRMM and GPM data displays significant variances on space and time. Season, precipitation intensity, and total precipitation are main factors influencing the accuracy of TRMM and GPM data. (3) The detection capability of satellite products change with seasonal variation and different precipitation intensity level.

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Toward a practical approach for ergodicity analysis

Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Discussions ◽

10.5194/npgd-2-1425-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 1425-1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Wang ◽

C. Wang ◽

Y. Zhao ◽

X. Lin ◽

C. Yu

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Yellow River ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Ergodic Property ◽

Practical Approach ◽

Function Evaluation ◽

Rain Gauge Station ◽

Gauge Station ◽

Mean Ergodicity ◽

The Mean

Abstract. It is of importance to perform hydrological forecast using a finite hydrological time series. Most time series analysis approaches presume a data series to be ergodic without justifying this assumption. This paper presents a practical approach to analyze the mean ergodic property of hydrological processes by means of autocorrelation function evaluation and Augmented Dickey Fuller test, a radial basis function neural network, and the definition of mean ergodicity. The mean ergodicity of precipitation processes at the Lanzhou Rain Gauge Station in the Yellow River basin, the Ankang Rain Gauge Station in Han River, both in China, and at Newberry, MI, USA are analyzed using the proposed approach. The results indicate that the precipitations of March, July, and August in Lanzhou, and of May, June, and August in Ankang have mean ergodicity, whereas, the precipitation of any other calendar month in these two rain gauge stations do not have mean ergodicity. The precipitation of February, May, July, and December in Newberry show ergodic property, although the precipitation of each month shows a clear increasing or decreasing trend.

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Does More Moisture in the Atmosphere Lead to More Intense Rains?

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-21-0117.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Agostino Manzato

Keyword(s):

Precipitable Water ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Rain Gauge Station ◽

Scatter Plot ◽

North East ◽

Station Data ◽

Gauge Station ◽

Friuli Venezia Giulia

Abstract It is typically interpreted that more moisture in the atmosphere leads to more intense rains. This notion may be supported, for example, by taking a scatter plot between rain and column precipitable water. The present paper suggests, however, that the main consequence of intense rains with more moistures in the atmosphere is that there is a more chance to happen, rather than of an increase in the expected magnitude. This tendency equally applies to any rains above 1 mm/6h to a lesser extent. The result is derived from an analysis of 33 local rain–gauge station data and a shared sounding over Friuli Venezia Giulia, North–East Italy.

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Rainfall And Water Requirement Of Rice During Growing Period

Journal of Agriculture and Environment ◽

10.3126/aej.v13i0.7576 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suman Aryal

Keyword(s):

Mineral Water ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water ◽

Growing Period ◽

Gauge Station ◽

Agriculture And Environment ◽

Total Crop ◽

Successive Developmental Stage

An experiment was conducted to estimate the crop water requirement of rice and to compare it with the amount of rainfall. Experiment was designed to estimate evaporation and evapotranspiration in cylindrical half cut mineral water bottles. Rice was planted in the bottles to estimate evapotranspiration. The amount of rainfall during the experiment period was recorded in the rain gauge station. The evaporation was highest in the month of September (3.16mm/day) and lowest in June (2.56mm/day). The rate of evapotranspiration was in increasing order from June to September ranging from 3.43 mm/day in June to 19.57mm/day for September respectively. The crop water required was in increasing order reflecting more water required with the increase in days after plantation and successive developmental stage of rice. The total amount of rainfall in the study area over study period (23rd June, to 30th September, 2005) was 549.59mm. The total crop water requirement of rice for same period in the same area was 711.45mm. It showed that the rainfall during the study period was insufficient to meet the water demand for rice in the study area. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7576

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Comparison of GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B43 Products over Cyprus

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12193212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3212

Author(s):

Adrianos Retalis ◽

Dimitris Katsanos ◽

Filippos Tymvios ◽

Silas Michaelides

Keyword(s):

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Rain Gauges ◽

Annual Basis ◽

Precipitation Measurement ◽

Satellite Retrievals ◽

Gauge Station ◽

Global Precipitation Measurement ◽

Global Precipitation

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) high-resolution product and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43 product are validated against rain gauges over the island of Cyprus for the period from April 2014 to June 2018. The comparison performed is twofold: firstly, the Satellite Precipitation (SP) estimates are compared with the gauge stations’ records on a monthly basis and, secondly, on an annual basis. The validation is based on ground data from a dense and well-maintained network of rain gauges, available in high temporal (hourly) resolution. The results show high correlation coefficient values, on average reaching 0.92 and 0.91 for monthly 3B43 and IMERG estimates, respectively, although both IMERG and TRMM tend to underestimate precipitation (Bias values of −1.6 and −3.0, respectively), especially during the rainy season. On an annual basis, both SP estimates are underestimating precipitation, although IMERG estimates records (R = 0.82) are slightly closer to that of the corresponding gauge station records than those of 3B43 (R = 0.81). Finally, the influence of elevation of both SP estimates was considered by grouping rain gauge stations in three categories, with respect to their elevation. Results indicated that both SP estimates underestimate precipitation with increasing elevation and overestimate it at lower elevations.

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Comparison of rainfall and water requirement for rice during rice growing period in Kirtipur, Nepal

Nepal Journal of Environmental Science ◽

10.3126/njes.v1i1.36543 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

S. Aryal

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water ◽

Growing Period ◽

Gauge Station ◽

Total Crop ◽

Successive Developmental Stage

An experiment was conducted to estimate the crop water requirement of rice and to compare it with the amount of rainfall. Experiment was designed to estimate evaporation and evapotranspiration in cylindrical half cut mineral water bottles. Rice was planted in the bottles to estimate evapotranspiration. The amount of rainfall during the experiment period was recorded in the rain gauge station. The evaporation was highest in the month of September (3.16 mm/day) and lowest in June (2.56 mm/day). The rate of evapotranspiration was in increasing order from June to September ranging from 3.43 mm/day in June to 19.57 mm/day for September. The crop water requirement was in increasing order reflecting more water demand with the increase in days after plantation and successive developmental stage of rice. The total amount of rainfall in the study area over study period (23rd June to 30th September, 2005) was 549.59 mm. The total crop water requirement of rice for same period in the same area was 711.45 mm. It showed that the rainfall during the study period was insufficient to meet the water demand for rice in the study area.

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