scholarly journals Automation Supply Control of Substation during Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2444-2446
Author(s):  
Roshani Chandekar
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Substation Automation ◽  
Intelligent Electronic Devices ◽  
Sustainable Power

Green and sustainable power is the need of the day. With widening supply and demand gap, power management has become one of the most critical areas of concern all over the world. India’s energy consumption is increasing at one of the fastest rates in the world. Hence, we require Substation Automation Systems in the present day substations to efficiently control and deliver power. The main objective is to create a SCADA system for the desired substation. Power automation serving electric supply locations often require special protection against the effects of fault-produced. Protection relays need to function immediately when a faulty condition occurs. This is why Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) are brought in for safe operation of switchyard devices, which can prevent disasters to energy supply and help in human safety. With the introduction of IEC 61850, utility communication will be used for substation automation and also for protection purposes within a substation and between substations. A Substation Automation System (SAS) provides facility to control and monitor all the equipment in the substation locally as well as remotely. A Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) system provides users with a Human Machine Interface (HMI) which can be used for controlling, monitoring and protection of devices. This saves us cost and time.Substations are key components of the power grid, facilitating the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity Substation automation systems make their control and monitoring possible in real time and help maximize availability, efficiency, reliability, safety and data integration.

scholarly journals Denial-of-Service Attack on IEC 61850-Based Substation Automation System: A Crucial Cyber Threat towards Smart Substation Pathways

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6415
Author(s):  
Suleman Ashraf ◽  
Mohammad H. Shawon ◽  
Haris M. Khalid ◽  
S. M. Muyeen
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Automation System ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
System Delay ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Substation Automation

The generation of the mix-based expansion of modern power grids has urged the utilization of digital infrastructures. The introduction of Substation Automation Systems (SAS), advanced networks and communication technologies have drastically increased the complexity of the power system, which could prone the entire power network to hackers. The exploitation of the cyber security vulnerabilities by an attacker may result in devastating consequences and can leave millions of people in severe power outage. To resolve this issue, this paper presents a network model developed in OPNET that has been subjected to various Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to demonstrate cyber security aspect of an international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 61850 based digital substations. The attack scenarios have exhibited significant increases in the system delay and the prevention of messages, i.e., Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) and Sampled Measured Values (SMV), from being transmitted within an acceptable time frame. In addition to that, it may cause malfunction of the devices such as unresponsiveness of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), which could eventually lead to catastrophic scenarios, especially under different fault conditions. The simulation results of this work focus on the DoS attack made on SAS. A detailed set of rigorous case studies have been conducted to demonstrate the effects of these attacks.

scholarly journals Securing Publisher–Subscriber Smart Grid Infrastructure

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Fraser Orr ◽  
Muhammad Nouman Nafees ◽  
Neetesh Saxena ◽  
Bong Jun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Multicast Communication ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Communication Paradigm ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Substation Automation ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Smart Grid System ◽  
Intelligent Electronic Devices

The security of communication protocols in the smart grid system is a crucial concern. An adversary can exploit the lack of confidentiality and authentication mechanism to cause damaging consequences. In the substation automation systems that rely on multicast communication between various intelligent electronic devices, the lack of security features in the standard IEC61850 and IEC62351 can invite attackers to manipulate the integrity of the employed publisher–subscriber communication paradigm to their advantage. Consequently, many researchers have introduced various approaches offering authenticity and confidentiality. However, such schemes and methods for the aforesaid standards have computational limitations in compliance with the stringent timing requirements of specific applications in the smart grid. In this paper, we propose an approach that can fully secure the publisher–subscriber communication against confidentiality attacks. In this direction, we develop a demo tool to validate the performance of our proposed security approach for potential factors such as timing requirements and the size of the messages. Finally, we evaluate our scheme considering the requirements of the GOOSE, SMV, and MMS protocols in the substation automation systems.

On the Updating of Domain OWL Models at Runtime in Factory Automation Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Puttonen ◽  
Andrei Lobov ◽  
José L. Martinez Lastra
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
World View ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Factory Automation ◽  
World State ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Update Rules

Software agents controlling production devices must maintain an up-to-date view of the physical world state in order to efficiently reason and plan their actions. Especially in a factory automation system, the world state undergoes rapid evolution. To enable accurate decision-making, the world view must constantly be synchronized with the changes. This paper discusses two approaches to updating the world view based on event notifications sent by web services representing production devices in a manufacturing system. One approach requires that a set of update rules is separately specified, whereas the other involves automatically deriving the update rules from the semantic web service descriptions. While this paper specifically focuses on the factory automation domain, both of the approaches presented are applicable to other domains as well. The main assumptions are that the domain is composed of world-altering web services, which provide adequate service interfaces to detect changes in their state, and that all relevant changes in the overall domain state can be directly derived from the service state changes.

scholarly journals Anomaly Detection for Insider Attacks from Untrusted Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substation Automation Systems

IEEE Access ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Xuelei Wang ◽  
Colin Fidge ◽  
Ghavameddin Nourbakhsh ◽  
Ernest Foo ◽  
Zahra Jadidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Substation Automation ◽  
Intelligent Electronic Devices

Mission Critical Safety Functions in IEC-61850 Based Substation Automation System - A Reliability Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vonani Clive Mathebula ◽  
Akshay Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Iec 61508 ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Dependability Evaluation ◽  
Substation Automation

The use of Substation Communication Networks (SCN) in power distribution centres of thermal power plants for protection, control and monitoring is increasing as industry’s confidence grows in the application of the IEC-61850 based Substation Automation Systems (SAS). IEC-61508, which is the standard for functional safety, addresses Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) safety based technologies in so far as safety lifecycle as well as reliability and verification of safety related systems are concerned. It follows therefore, that Substation Communication Networks (SCN), as well as associated substation equipment that forms part of the overall safety system should satisfy the requirements of functional safety standard IEC-61508. In this paper, Substation Automation System standard (SAS) IEC-61850, Substation Communication Networks (SCNs) as well as dependability evaluation methods are reviewed and discussed.

A Design Scheme of Energy Management System for Low-Carbon Community in Smart Grid Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 820-824
Author(s):  
Shuang Hu Wang ◽  
Yong Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Advanced Metering

Using double-network, double-machine technology, the hardware framework of the energy management system is designed. The software framework scheme is proposed according to different layers. By designing graph, report, alarm, database management, man-machine interface and privilege subsystems on supporting platform, various services are presented. The proposed energy management system integrated many automation systems, such as Distribution Automation system, Advanced Metering Infrastructure and so on. The senior application functions of the energy management system are introduced. Adopting smart grid technology, the proposed scheme provides a new solution to better manage, use, save and monitor energy especially renewable energy. Because of its obvious advantages in enhancing energy efficiency, the introduced energy management system is expected to be widely used in low-carbon community.

scholarly journals Toward a Substation Automation System Based on IEC 61850

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Shantanu Kumar ◽  
Ahmed Abu-Siada ◽  
Narottam Das ◽  
Syed Islam
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Automation System ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Instrument Transformers ◽  
Instrument Transformer ◽  
Conventional Instrument ◽  
Substation Automation ◽  
The Impact

With the global trend to digitalize substation automation systems, International Electro technical Commission 61850, a communication protocol defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission, has been given much attention to ensure consistent communication and integration of substation high-voltage primary plant assets such as instrument transformers, circuit breakers and power transformers with various intelligent electronic devices into a hierarchical level. Along with this transition, equipment of primary plants in the switchyard, such as non-conventional instrument transformers, and a secondary system including merging units are expected to play critical roles due to their fast-transient response over a wide bandwidth. While a non-conventional instrument transformer has advantages when compared with the conventional one, extensive and detailed performance investigation and feasibility studies are still required for its full implementation at a large scale within utilities, industries, smart grids and digital substations. This paper is taking one step forward with respect to this aim by employing an optimized network engineering tool to evaluate the performance of an Ethernet-based network and to validate the overall process bus design requirement of a high-voltage non-conventional instrument transformer. Furthermore, the impact of communication delay on the substation automation system during peak traffic is investigated through a detailed simulation analysis.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

Predictable Assembly of Substation Automation Systems: An Experiment Report

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hissam ◽  
John Hudak ◽  
James Ivers ◽  
Mark Klein ◽  
Magnus Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Automation Systems ◽  
Substation Automation
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