STEREOTYPING IN PERCEPTION OF ATTRACTIVENESS, AGE, AND GENDER IN SCHEMATIC FACES

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. McKelvie
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Positive Trait ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
And Gender

Thirty-one subjects classified 16 schematic faces on six subject variables. Faces judged as pleasant-looking received higher positive trait evaluations than those judged as unpleasant (effect size d = 0.91 or 1.47), strongly confirming the dictum that “what is beautiful is good”. Also, more faces perceived as young were judged to be pleasant than unpleasant (d = 0.67) and more faces perceived as old were judged to be unpleasant than pleasant (d = 0.64), replicating previous reports of a negative relationship between age and attractiveness. However, the latter effect disappeared when women judged faces perceived to be female. It is suggested that future research should replicate this interaction, and investigate the effect of using various terms to characterize attractiveness.

scholarly journals Italian COVID-19 epidemic: effects on paediatric emergency attendance—a survey in the Emilia Romagna region

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cella ◽  
Federico Marchetti ◽  
Lorenzo Iughetti ◽  
Anna Rita Di Biase ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Provision Of Care

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on paediatric emergency department (ED) attendance in a region of Northern Italy.MethodsA survey was proposed to six out of nine paediatric EDs in the Emilia Romagna region to evaluate attendance data, distribution by age and gender, triage code score, outcome of clinical course, number of hospitalisations and the distribution of patients by disease. Data were collected during March 2020 and compared with that of March 2019.ResultsA drop in paediatric ED attendance of more than 83.8% was observed, with a higher percentage of infants and severe triage scores. The proportion of patients hospitalised was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2019 (p value: <0.001). The effect size for the comparison of proportions of hospitalised patients was 0.379. Looking at the distribution of attendance by type of disease, a significantly different distribution was highlighted (p value: <0.00001, Cramer’s V); there was a greater proportion of patients presenting to paediatric EDs with poisonings (effect size=0.07), psychiatric pathologies (effect size=0.110), head injuries (effect size=0.167) and fever (effect size=0.212).ConclusionsOur survey suggests that in the first month of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, there has been an increase in delayed attendance and provision of care of potentially severe diseases in paediatric EDs. Hospital and community paediatricians should be aware of this phenomenon and adopt appropriate strategies to prevent this danger, as it may affect children more seriously than COVID-19 itself.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Experience with and Connectedness to Nature Among Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Mustapa ◽  
Khalilah Hassan ◽  
Siti Nuratirah Che Mohd Nasir ◽  
Wenny Arminda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Connectedness To Nature ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Open Access Article

This study aims to identify the age and gender differences in children's experiences with nature and their connectedness to nature (CTN). This study employed a quantitative approach and involved 760 children aged 10-11 years old, including urban and rural children in Kedah and Pulau Pinang. Questionnaires were distributed to children at schools. Findings suggest that age and gender do influence the frequency of children having experiences with nature as well as their CTN. The directions for future research are also discussed. Keywords: experiences with nature; connectedness to nature; age; gender eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

Adolescent Victim Experiences of Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-254
Author(s):  
Minghui Gao ◽  
Tonja Filipino ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Mark McJunkin
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

This chapter started by introducing a recent research study that disclosed adolescent victim experiences across seven major types of cyberbullying, significant gender and age differences, and reasons for not reporting incidents of cyberbullying to adults. The chapter then related the research findings to major areas in the literature on the nature and forms of cyberbullying in contrast to traditional forms of bullying, its prevalence among school-aged youths, the effects of gender and age on adolescent victim experiences of cyberbullying, and the factors that contribute to adolescent attitude toward reporting cyberbullying incidents to adults. The chapter suggested that future research should further explore issues such as how various types of cyberbullying affect adolescent mental wellbeing, how age and gender affect school-aged youth victim experiences of various forms of cyberbullying, and how professionals and other adults may help adolescents counter cyberbullying.

Mobile Health Technology Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherina Idrish ◽  
Afrin Rifat ◽  
Mehree Iqbal ◽  
Nabila Nisha
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Globally, the advancement of mobile technology and the growing number of mobile phone users has promoted the boom in mobile health services. The influence of mobile technology has, in fact, made healthcare delivery more accessible, affordable and effective today. Consumers are thus increasingly using mobile devices as health service delivery aids across various countries. However, questions remain as to how consumer traits like personal innovativeness and self-efficacy, financial costs related to the service delivery and demographics like age and gender may affect the usage and adoption of mobile health services, especially for emerging economies like Bangladesh. Conceptual model of the study identifies self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy and performance expectancy to be significant constructs that influences users' overall perceptions of mobile health services, along with moderating effects of both age and gender upon the selected factors. Finally, the study highlights managerial implications, future research directions and limitations.

Effects of Aging and Gender on Interhemispheric Function

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri James Bellis ◽  
Laura Ann Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Over Time

The ability of the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with one another via the corpus callosum is important for a wide variety of sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, many of them communication related. Anatomical evidence suggests that aging results in structural changes in the corpus callosum and that the course over time of age-related changes in corpus callosum structure may depend on the gender of the individual. Further, it has been hypothesized that age- and gender-related changes in corpus callosum structure may result in concomitant decreased performance on tasks that are reliant on interhemispheric integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age and gender on auditory behavioral and visuomotor temporal indices of interhemispheric function across the life span of the normal adult. Results from 120 consistently right-handed adults from age 20 to 75 years revealed that interhemispheric integrity, as measured by dichotic listening, auditory temporal patterning, and visuomotor interhemispheric transfer time tasks, decreases relatively early in the adult life span (i.e., between the ages of 40 and 55 years) and shows no further decrease thereafter. In addition, the course over time of interhemispheric decline is different for men compared to women for some tasks. These findings suggest that decreased interhemispheric function may be a possible factor contributing to auditory and communication difficulties experienced by aging adults. In addition, results of this study hold implications for the clinical assessment of interhemispheric function in aging adults and for future research into the functional ramifications of decreased multimodality interhemispheric transfer.

scholarly journals Perceptions of parental behavior with regard to parents’ gender and respondents’ age and gender

Psihologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Opsenica-Kostic ◽  
Tatjana Stefanovic-Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Insight Into

The findings of the research into the perceived parental behavior provide contrasting data as to the existence and the nature of differences in the perception of parental behavior based on parents? gender and respondents? gender. The purpose of the present study is to examine the differences in the perceived parental behavior in adolescents with regard to parents? gender and respondents? age and gender. The study included 466 respondents (262 girls and 204 boys), in middle to late adolescence, divided into four sub-groups according to their age. The respondents were asked to fill in the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) questionnaire which measures the care and overprotection in mothers and fathers respectively. The obtained findings show the existence of significant difference based on the parents? gender for both subscales: both maternal care and maternal overprotection were estimated as higher. Observing the differences by respondents? gender on the whole sample, only one significant difference is found: paternal overprotection was estimated as higher by girls. The differences by age as observed within gender groups are completely disparate for girl and boy groups. The best insight into the differences is obtained through analysis by gender, for groups relatively homogenous in terms of their age (for the first three groups the only significant difference appears in the paternal overprotection subscale; the difference disappears in the subgroup of the oldest respondents?, while the differences between the perception of maternal and paternal care are of significance here). One particularly important finding for future research into rearing behavior is the fact that the perception of parental behavior changes over the period of adolescence differently for boys and girls; therefore, the analysis including perceived parental behavior should be performed for subgroups by gender, which are as homogenous as possible in terms of their age.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): gender- and age-related differences in neurocognition

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bálint ◽  
P. Czobor ◽  
S. Komlósi ◽  
Á. Mészáros ◽  
V. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDespite the growing recognition that the clinical symptom characteristics associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persist into adulthood in a high proportion of subjects, little is known about the persistence of neurocognitive deficits in ADHD. The objective was twofold: (1) to conduct a meta-analysis of neuropsychological studies to characterize attentional performance in subjects with adult ADHD by examining differences in ADHD versus normal control subjects; and (2) to investigate whether these differences vary as a function of age and gender.MethodTwenty-five neuropsychological studies comparing subjects with adult ADHD and healthy controls were evaluated. Statistical effect size was determined to characterize the difference between ADHD and control subjects. Meta-regression analysis was applied to investigate whether the difference between ADHD and control subjects varied as a function of age and gender across studies.ResultsTests measuring focused and sustained attention yielded an effect size with medium to large magnitude whereas tests of simple attention resulted in a small to medium effect size in terms of poorer attention functioning of ADHD subjects versus controls. On some of the measures (e.g. Stroop interference), a lower level of attention functioning in the ADHD group versus the controls was associated with male gender.ConclusionsAdult ADHD subjects display significantly poorer functioning versus healthy controls on complex but not on simple tasks of attention, and the degree of impairment varies with gender, with males displaying a higher level of impairment.

scholarly journals Haptic Foot Pedal: Influence of Shoe Type, Age, and Gender on Subjective Pulse Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Geitner ◽  
Stewart Birrell ◽  
Claudia Krehl ◽  
Paul Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Force Amplitude ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Objective: This study investigates the influence of shoe type (sneakers and safety boots), age, and gender on the perception of haptic pulse feedback provided by a prototype accelerator pedal in a running stationary vehicle. Background: Haptic feedback can be a less distracting alternative to traditionally visual and auditory in-vehicle feedback. However, to be effective, the device delivering the haptic feedback needs to be in contact with the person. Factors such as shoe type vary naturally over the season and could render feedback that is perceived well in one situation, unnoticeable in another. In this study, we evaluate factors that can influence the subjective perception of haptic feedback in a stationary but running car: shoe type, age, and gender. Method: Thirty-six drivers within three age groups (≤39, 40–59, and ≥60) took part. For each haptic feedback, participants rated intensity, urgency, and comfort via a questionnaire. Results: The perception of the haptic feedback is significantly influenced by the interaction between the pulse’s duration and force amplitude and the participant’s age and gender but not shoe type. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is important to consider different age groups and gender in the evaluation of haptic feedback. Future research might also look into approaches to adapt haptic feedback to the individual driver’s preferences. Application: Findings from this study can be applied to the design of an accelerator pedal in a car, for example, for a nonvisual in-vehicle warning, but also to plan user studies with a haptic pedal in general.

scholarly journals Evolving phenotypes of non-hospitalized patients that indicate long COVID

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Estiri ◽  
Zachary H. Strasser ◽  
Gabriel A. Brat ◽  
Yevgeniy R. Semenov ◽  
James R. Aaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background For some SARS-CoV-2 survivors, recovery from the acute phase of the infection has been grueling with lingering effects. Many of the symptoms characterized as the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) could have multiple causes or are similarly seen in non-COVID patients. Accurate identification of PASC phenotypes will be important to guide future research and help the healthcare system focus its efforts and resources on adequately controlled age- and gender-specific sequelae of a COVID-19 infection. Methods In this retrospective electronic health record (EHR) cohort study, we applied a computational framework for knowledge discovery from clinical data, MLHO, to identify phenotypes that positively associate with a past positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19. We evaluated the post-test phenotypes in two temporal windows at 3–6 and 6–9 months after the test and by age and gender. Data from longitudinal diagnosis records stored in EHRs from Mass General Brigham in the Boston Metropolitan Area was used for the analyses. Statistical analyses were performed on data from March 2020 to June 2021. Study participants included over 96 thousand patients who had tested positive or negative for COVID-19 and were not hospitalized. Results We identified 33 phenotypes among different age/gender cohorts or time windows that were positively associated with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. All identified phenotypes were newly recorded in patients’ medical records 2 months or longer after a COVID-19 RT-PCR test in non-hospitalized patients regardless of the test result. Among these phenotypes, a new diagnosis record for anosmia and dysgeusia (OR 2.60, 95% CI [1.94–3.46]), alopecia (OR 3.09, 95% CI [2.53–3.76]), chest pain (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.09–1.48]), chronic fatigue syndrome (OR 2.60, 95% CI [1.22–2.10]), shortness of breath (OR 1.41, 95% CI [1.22–1.64]), pneumonia (OR 1.66, 95% CI [1.28–2.16]), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 1.41, 95% CI [1.22–1.64]) is one of the most significant indicators of a past COVID-19 infection. Additionally, more new phenotypes were found with increased confidence among the cohorts who were younger than 65. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm many of the post-COVID-19 symptoms and suggest that a variety of new diagnoses, including new diabetes mellitus and neurological disorder diagnoses, are more common among those with a history of COVID-19 than those without the infection. Additionally, more than 63% of PASC phenotypes were observed in patients under 65 years of age, pointing out the importance of vaccination to minimize the risk of debilitating post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 among younger adults.

scholarly journals Whole Object Assumption and Mutual Exclusivity Assumption in 3-4-Year-Old Cebuano Preschoolers: A Qualitative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daylinda Luz Reluya Laput
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutual Exclusivity ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
New Words ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Better Than

The whole object assumption (WOA) and mutual exclusivity (ME) assumption proposed by Markman (1990) are constraints children use in word learning. This small-scale psycholinguistic study investigates the constraints function in 14 preschoolers at ages 3 and 4 using WOA and ME in deciphering part labels. Using quasi-experimental method, children identified objects and animals. Findings show that while WOA is still used by the participants ME overrides. Further findings reveal no evidence of the claim that older participants used ME better than the younger ones. However, gender seems to play an important role in the participants’ performance for boys did much better than girls in the experiments. Thus, the result recommends further future research on the relation between the two constraints on word learning (WOA and ME) and age and gender. However, this study found two limitations: the drawings and the questions used in the study may fail to fully reveal the children’s ability since previous studies offer non-standard materials and procedure used in their experiments; and the study itself, is regarded as small-scale. Therefore, the research findings can hardly be generalized. Nevertheless, the research at least presents how the Cebuano speaking preschoolers learned new words via WOA and ME assumption.

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