SEX DIFFERENCES IN SELF-REPORTED RIGHT-LEFT CONFUSION BY ADULTS: A ROLE FOR SOCIAL DESIRABILITY?

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Williams, ◽  
Karen Standen ◽  
Lina A. Ricciardelli
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Males And Females

Self-reports of difficulty in discriminating right from left (R/L), a measure of the influence of social desirability, and motor performance on a discrimination task (a map test) were compared in males and females. Significantly more females reported some degree of R/L confusion and there was a significant negative correlation between females' self-reports and social desirability scores. No such relationship was found for men's scores and no sex differences were evident during performance on the motor task.

Sex Differences in the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Self-Disclosure

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Domelsmith ◽  
James T. Dietch
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existing Data

Previous research suggests that there should be a negative correlation between Machiavellianism (Mach) and willingness to reveal things about oneself. However, existing data are unclear and contradictory, especially regarding differences between males and females. College students (48 male, 77 female) completed measures of both Machiavellianism and self-disclosure, and the two sets of scores were correlated. As expected, Mach was significantly correlated with unwillingness to self-disclose among males. For the females, however, Mach was significantly correlated with willingness to disclose. The two correlations are significantly different. Culturally defined differences in the goals of men and women may account for the results. According to current stereotypes, men are oriented toward individual achievement, while die goals of women are more “social,” being popular, nurturant, skilled at getting along with others, etc. Women who accept these goals and who are willing to employ manipulative (Machiavellian) tactics to achieve them could use self-disclosure effectively, while it would be an ineffective strategy for men.

scholarly journals A Sense of Harassment and its Relationship to the Level of Professional Educational Adjustment among a Sample of Employees in the Directorate of Education in Damascus

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Raghdaa A. Naiseh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Institutional Sector ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to identify the level of a sense of harassment among a sample of workers and institutional sector of government education. It defines the professional level of compatibility among a sample of workers in farming Damascus Directorate. And the study of the relationship between the sense of harassment and professional compatibility among a sample of workers in farming Damascus Directorate. And to identify the level of significance of differences in the answers to the study sample the sense of harassment and scale professional compatibility scale according to the variables of the study: (sex, and marital status), and has been relying on the descriptive and analytical approach, and used two tools of the study: a sense of harassment measure, and the measure of professional compatibility, and amounted to a sample study (144) factor and running in working in the farming Damascus Directorate. Among the most important findings of the study were: The level of the sense of harassment among workers in the Directorate of Education in Damascus was moderate; the professional level of compatibility among workers in the Directorate of Education in Damascus was moderate; a statistically significant negative correlation between the sense of harassment and the professional compatibility; the presence of statistically significant difference between males and females on the sense of harassment and in favor of male workers; a statistically significant difference between the average of married and non-married on harassment and in favor of non-married employees; a statistically significant difference between the average of males and females on the compatibility and in favor of female workers. There was no statistically significant difference between the average married and non-married on the compatibility scal

Humor and shyness: The relation between humor styles and shyness

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William P Hampes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
Group A

AbstractThe Shyness Scale and Humor Styles Questionnaire were given to 174 subjects (69 male, 105 female). There was a significant negative correlation between shyness and affiliative humor for the total group, which was explained by the inability of shy people to relax enough in social situations to use this kind of humor. There was a significant positive correlation between shyness and self-defeating humor for the total group, a result that was expected due in large part to the low self-esteem of shy people. For the total group correlations between shyness and self-enhancing humor and between shyness and aggressive humor were not significant. Some of the sex differences between shy males versus shy females on aggressive and self-defeating humor were discussed.

Relationship between Body-Image and Self-Consciousness

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelmina H. Theron ◽  
Elizabeth M. Nel ◽  
Andria J. Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a relation between body-image and self-consciousness and if there are any sex differences on measures of these two concepts. A total of 267 undergraduates, 56 men and 211 women whose ages ranged from 19 to 25 years, were tested. Analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between body-image and self-consciousness and between body-image and social anxiety. Private and public self-consciousness correlated positively with each other as well as with social anxiety. Men and women differed significantly on social anxiety only.

We Are Not Joking

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liria Fernández-González ◽  
K. Daniel O’Leary ◽  
Marina Julia Muñoz-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Dating Aggression ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression ◽  
Depth Interviews

Underreporting of intimate partner aggression is an important issue in the interpretation of self-reports of such aggression, especially by males. However, both males and females are less likely to report negative behaviors about themselves than about their partners. With 863 adolescents from Madrid, social desirability had a small but significant association with reports of dating aggression, but covariance corrections for social desirability did not alter the conclusions about such aggression. Using uncorrected or corrected means for social desirability, males engage in more sexual aggression against their partners and females engage in more psychological and physical aggression. Maximal dyadic reports based on reports by either self or partner significantly increased the rates of aggression, although conclusions about perpetration and victimization did not differ with this correction. Rates of aggression dropped roughly half when corrected for aggression in a joking context, but more females still reported engaging in physical aggression against their partners. The corrections one wishes to use depend upon the sample under study—i.e., adolescent versus adult populations—and one’s research or clinical question, but the use of social desirability controls seems ill-founded. Finally, there is a need for in-depth interviews with both partners in dating relationships to determine more about the contextual factors associated with dating aggression and to assist in knowing what correction factors seem most valid.

scholarly journals Music predictability and liking enhance pupil dilation and promote motor learning in non-musicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bianco ◽  
B. P. Gold ◽  
A. P. Johnson ◽  
V. B. Penhune
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Similar Motor ◽  
Or Task

AbstractHumans can anticipate music and derive pleasure from it. Expectations facilitate the learning of movements associated with anticipated events, and they are also linked with reward, which may further facilitate learning of the anticipated rewarding events. The present study investigates the synergistic effects of predictability and hedonic responses to music on arousal and motor-learning in a naïve population. Novel melodies were manipulated in their overall predictability (predictable/unpredictable) as objectively defined by a model of music expectation, and ranked as high/medium/low liked based on participants’ self-reports collected during an initial listening session. During this session, we also recorded ocular pupil size as an implicit measure of listeners’ arousal. During the following motor task, participants learned to play target notes of the melodies on a keyboard (notes were of similar motor and musical complexity across melodies). Pupil dilation was greater for liked melodies, particularly when predictable. Motor performance was facilitated in predictable rather than unpredictable melodies, but liked melodies were learned even in the unpredictable condition. Low-liked melodies also showed learning but mostly in participants with higher scores of task perceived competence. Taken together, these results highlight  the effects of stimuli predictability on learning, which can be however overshadowed by the effects of stimulus liking or task-related intrinsic motivation.

Sex Differences in Perception of Life Events Using Self-Weights

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1227-1230
Author(s):  
Maxine Weinman ◽  
Ronald J. Lorimor ◽  
Blair Justice ◽  
George W. Mc Bee
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Role Perception ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Adult Inpatient ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between sex differences and the perception of life events as influenced by social desirability. Change events in the lives of 71 subjects being admitted to the adult inpatient unit of a large mental health center were measured by the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire. Social desirability and role perception were measured using the L-Scale of the Mini-Mult, an abbreviated form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The findings suggest that sex differences in the appraisal of life events have a social desirability bias rather than an intrinsic difference between males and females.

scholarly journals Internet Addiction and Psychological Well-being among Youths of Rajkot District

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit M. Pandya ◽  
Nitin R. Korat
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of present study was to find out correlation between the youths’ Internet Addiction and Psychological well-being. The said sample was 120 both males and females in equal numbers was selected through random sampling. Internet Addiction Inventory &Psychological well-being Inventory are tailor-made instruments, having sufficient reliability and validity. For the purpose of analysis, The Karl-Pearson ‘r’ technique was used. Present study reveals the result that there is no significant Negative correlation between the youths’ Internet Addiction and Psychological well-being. The authors suggest that there is a need to explore the rural and the urban youths’ correlation in the line of above study.

scholarly journals Music predictability and liking enhance pupil dilation and promote motor learning in non-musicians

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bianco ◽  
B.P. Gold ◽  
A.P. Johnson ◽  
V.B. Penhune
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Similar Motor ◽  
Or Task

AbstractHumans can anticipate music and derive pleasure from it. Expectations facilitate movements associated with anticipated events, and they are linked with reward, which may also facilitate learning of the anticipated rewarding events. The present study investigates the synergistic effects of predictability and hedonic responses to music on arousal and motor-learning in a naïve population. Novel melodies were manipulated in their overall predictability (predictable/unpredictable) as objectively defined by a model of music expectation, and ranked as high/medium/low liked based on participants’ self-reports collected during an initial listening session. During this session, we also recorded ocular pupil size as an implicit measure of listeners’ arousal. During the following motor task, participants learned to play target notes of the melodies on a keyboard (notes were of similar motor and musical complexity across melodies). Pupil dilation was greater for liked melodies, particularly when predictable. Motor performance was facilitated in predictable more than unpredictable melodies, but liked melodies were learned even in the unpredictable condition. Low-liked melodies also showed learning but mostly in participants with higher scores of task perceived competence. Taken together, these results suggest that effects of predictability on learning can be overshadowed by effects of stimulus liking or task-related intrinsic motivation.

scholarly journals Internet Addiction and Personality Traits among Youths of Rajkot District

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit M. Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of present study was to find out correlation between the youths‟ Internet Addiction and Personality Traits. The said sample was 120 both males and females in equal numbers was selected through random sampling. Internet Addiction Inventory &Personality Traits Inventory are tailor-made instruments, having sufficient reliability and validity. For the purpose of analysis, The Karl-Pearson „r‟ technique was used. Present study reveals the result that there is no significant Negative correlation between the youths‟ Internet Addiction and Personality Traits. The authors suggest that there is a need to explore the rural and the urban youths‟ correlation in the line of above study.

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