RIGIDITY AS A PREDICTOR OF OLDER PERSONS' AGING STEREOTYPES AND AGING SELF-PERCEPTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becca R. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Rigidity has been previously associated with the propensity of dominant group members to target stigmatized groups with negative stereotypes. It was considered in this study whether or not rigidity predicts that members of a stigmatized group, the elderly will target their own group with negative aging stereotypes; and, if so, whether these stereotypes predict aging self-perceptions, or thinking about themselves growing old. As expected (1) older individuals with more rigidity held significantly more negative aging stereotypes over time, (2) older individuals with more negative aging stereotypes had significantly more negative aging self-perceptions over time, and (3) negative aging stereotypes partially mediated the relationship between rigidity and negative aging self-perceptions. The sample of 405 community-living individuals, aged 50 or older, was studied in 6 waves over 20 years. The findings suggest that flexibility can benefit older individuals' self-views.

An End to Incrementalism? The Impact of Expenditure Restraint on Social Services Budgets 1979–1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Service ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
Service Departments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe theory of incrementalism is a long-standing and influential perspective on policy making and resource allocation in the public sector. Previous research on social services budgeting suggests that resources are allocated incrementally, although there has been some debate as to whether this would persist in an era of prolonged expenditure restraint. Incremental budgetary outcomes are operationalised as percentage changes in budgets pro-rata with percentage changes in the total budget, and as stable shares of total expenditure for each activity. Data for 99 English social service departments supports incrementalism in that budget shares change by only 1.8 per cent, but percentage allocations depart from pro-rata incrementalism by a mean of 74 per cent. The comparison of the two summary indices over time supports those who have argued that prolonged restraint would encourage non-incremental budgeting, but change in the agency's total budget does not consistently predict budgetary outcomes. The effect of restraint on incrementalism varies with the measure used and across the component activities of the measures, but there is enough evidence to suggest a significant decline in the level of incrementalism in social service departments. In particular, non-incremental budgeting is strongly associated with the growth of day centre expenditure on the mentally ill and the elderly before 1982–3, and after that with the pursuit of the ‘community care’ strategy within state provided services for the elderly and children. Incrementalism as a general theory of agency budgeting is limited in its ability to explain variations in the degree of incrementalism between agencies, between component budgets and over time. The conclusion suggests that further research should seek explanations for these variations in the varying balance of the competing forces which shape outcomes in welfare bureaucracies and in the relationship between these forces and the organisation's environment.

The Effects of Hate Groups on Hate Crimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Yahagi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper presents a simple theoretical model to analyze the relationship between hate groups and hate crimes. This paper focuses on two important roles of hate groups; as providers of membership benefits for group members and as a coordination device for leadership. This paper shows that this interaction implies the possibility of multiple equilibria of the crime rate. This result explains why hate crimes and extreme criminal activities vary across communities and over time, and why a social shock such as 9/11 resulted in a rapid increase of hate crimes. Moreover, if hate groups work as coordination devices, the existence of hate groups may increase hate crimes. This result supports recent empirical results analyzing relationships between hate groups and hate crimes.

HEALTH LITERACY AND HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF THE ELDERLY IN HUE CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Nga Tran Thi Thanh ◽  
Thuy Le Thi Bich ◽  
Lan Nguyen Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Care Seeking ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Care Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Health Care Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To assess the health literacy and identify the relationship between the health literacy and health care seeking behavior among the older persons in Hue city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hue city. 400 older persons were interviewed directly using a structured questionnaire. Health literacy was assessed by HLS- Asian- Q. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the relationship between health literacy and health care seeking behavior. Results: 20.0% of the respondents got inadequate health literacy. The proportion of the elderly who achieved health literacy in health care, health prevention and health promotion were 25.7%, 10.0% and 28.0%, respectively. The percentage of the elderly who have sought health care services and health promotion services were 76.7% and 68,0%, respectively. There was a relationship between health literacy and treatment seeking behaviour (OR= 3.71; 95% CI: 1.25-11.01) and health prevention service seeking behaviour among participants (OR=3.30; 95% CI:1.16-9.40). Conclusions: Health literacy of the elderly was still low in Hue city. There is influence of health literacy on health care seeking behavior among them. Enhancing health literacy for the older persons should be a necessary solution to improve their health status. Keywords: Health literacy, health seeking behavior, older persons, Hue city.

scholarly journals Ageism and Its Impact on Older Persons’ Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 672-672
Author(s):  
Becca Levy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Ageism has been called a silent epidemic. The extent to which ageism impacts the health of older persons in different countries was not well understood. In this presentation we will focus on the reach of ageism including negative age beliefs, on older individuals’ health. In an exhaustive systematic review, we found that ageism influenced older individuals in 45 countries and 11 health domains, with the prevalence of significant findings increasing over time (p < .001). In this presentation, we will also explore the mechanism by which this impact occurs and steps that can be taken to address this epidemic.

scholarly journals What is the Relationship between Functional Limitations, Pain, and Self-Perceptions of Aging?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 607-608
Author(s):  
Jillian Minahan ◽  
Ashley Blasi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) influences health and mortality during older adulthood (e.g., Kotter-Grühn et al., 2009; Sargent-Cox et al., 2012). Westerhof and Wurm (2015) found that increasing functional limitations (FL) worsened older adults’ SPA. Additional research is needed to identify other factors that influence SPA. Although pain is common among older adults and is a frequent cause of disability (e.g., Brooks et al., 2019), it has not been examined as a factor influencing SPA. Pain is often misperceived as an inevitable part of aging because of widely held negative stereotypes about aging (Thielke et al., 2012). The experience of pain may activate internalized negative stereotypes about aging, which may worsen SPA. Thus, this study investigated: 1) the relationship between chronic and recent pain, FL, and SPA, and 2) the interactive effect of FL and pain on SPA within a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older. This study included 5,126 participants from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Controlling for covariates, chronic pain (β = .09, p < .001) and recent pain (β = .12, p < .001) were associated with negative SPA and were stronger than FL (β = .04, p < .01). There was also a small interaction between FL and recent pain on SPA (β = -.03, p < .01) such that the negative impact of FL on SPA was stronger among individuals who reported low pain. These findings highlight the importance of pain in older adults’ evaluation of their own aging.

Buffer against Cumulative Stress

GeroPsych ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becca R. Levy ◽  
Scott Moffat ◽  
Susan M. Resnick ◽  
Martin D. Slade ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stress Buffer

Abstract. Prolonged elevation of cortisol, the primary stress biomarker, is associated with impaired cognitive and physical health. Cortisol tends to increase in later life among most, but not all, older individuals. The current study considered whether this pattern could be explained by more-positive age stereotypes acting as a stress buffer. The 439 participants drawn from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging provided 1,789 cortisol measurements, from 24-h collections of urine, across 30 years. Among those aged 50 or greater, the cortisol of the more-negative age-stereotype group increased by 44%, whereas the more-positive age-stereotype group showed no increase. Also as expected, there was no association of age stereotypes and cortisol level among the younger participants, for whom the age stereotypes were self-irrelevant. The findings indicate the importance of considering the relationship between both positive and negative stereotypes and stress biomarkers over time.

PP051-SUN: The Relationship of Appetite-Regulating Hormones with Physical Function in Community Living Older Persons

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S38
Author(s):  
R. Diekmann ◽  
B. Hofner ◽  
V. Schusdziarra ◽  
M.J. Kaiser ◽  
W. Uter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Examining the Relationship Between Self-Perceptions of Person, Role, and Social Identity Change and Self-Concept Clarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Sara Bruene
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Past research in the literature on the self has addressed how self-concept clarity changes over time. In this study, we use a cross-sectional research design to examine the relationship between self-perceptions of identity change and self-concept clarity, showing how fluctuations in self-concept clarity relate to two discrete dimensions of perceived identity change: the magnitude and direction of change. A survey was administered to 854 study participants that measured perceived changes in 12 discrete identities (four person, four role, and four social identities) over a 6-month period. The results reveal that generally the more severe one's perceived experience of identity change, the lower their degree of self-concept clarity. However, when the direction of one's perceived identity change is progressive (i.e., developing into an identity) rather than regressive (i.e., exiting out of an identity), one's degree of self-concept clarity increases.

Prefrailty: The Relationship Between Daily Activities and Social Participation in Older Persons

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482199100
Author(s):  
Axelle Costenoble ◽  
Veerle Knoop ◽  
Aziz Debain ◽  
Sofie Vermeiren ◽  
Roberta Vella Azzopardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
Total Participation ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To analyze prefrailty’s relationship with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and restrictions in social participation. Method: Robust (Fried 0/4; n = 214; Mage = 82.3 years [ SD ±2.1]) and prefrail (Fried 1–2/4; n = 191; Mage = 83.8 years [ SD ±3.2]) community-dwelling older individuals were included. Frailty scores were obtained from weight loss, exhaustion, gait speed, and grip strength. A total disability index (DI) expressed dependency for basic (b-), instrumental (i-), and advanced (a-)ADLs. Total participation score, being a member, total number of memberships, being a board member, level of participation, membership over time, volunteering, and formal participation represented social participation. Results: Logistic regression retained age (OR = 1.224; 95% CI = [1.122, 1.335]), sex (OR = 3.818; 95% CI = [2.437, 5.982]), and a-ADL-DI (OR = 1.230; 95% CI = [1.018, 1.486]) as variables significantly related to prefrailty (68.3%; χ2 = 68.25; df = 3; p < .001). Discussion: Subtle limitations in a-ADLs, higher age, and being a man were associated with prefrailty, revealing the possible role of personal and culturally related a-ADLs as red flags for (pre)frailty.

Depression and Quality of Life in Older Persons: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 311-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Sivertsen ◽  
Guro Hanevold Bjørkløf ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Geir Selbæk ◽  
Anne-Sofie Helvik
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related Qol ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Background: Depression is a prevalent and disabling condition in older persons (≥60 years) that increases the risk of mortality and negatively influences quality of life (QOL). The relationship between depression, or depressive symptoms, and QOL has been increasingly addressed by research in recent years, but a review that can contribute to a better understanding of this relationship in older persons is lacking. Against this background, we undertook a literature review to assess the relationship between depression and QOL in older persons. Summary: Extensive electronic database searches revealed 953 studies. Of these, 74 studies fulfilled our criteria for inclusion, of which 52 were cross-sectional studies and 22 were longitudinal studies. Thirty-five studies were conducted in a clinical setting, while 39 were community-based epidemiological studies. A clear definition of the QOL concept was described in 25 studies, and 24 different assessment instruments were employed to assess QOL. Depressed older persons had poorer global and generic health-related QOL than nondepressed individuals. An increase in depression severity was associated with a poorer global and generic health-related QOL. The associations appeared to be stable over time and independent of how QOL was assessed. Key Messages: This review found a significant association between severity of depression and poorer QOL in older persons, and the association was found to be stable over time, regardless which assessment instruments for QOL were applied. The lack of a definition of the multidimensional and multilevel concept QOL was common, and the large variety of QOL instruments in various studies make a direct comparison between the studies difficult.

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